The causal relationship between urbanization, economic growth and water use change in provincial China

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 16076-16085

  Bao, Chao ^a,b   He, Dongmei ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Cointegration test; Economic growth; Urbanization; VECM Granger causality test; Water resources utilization

Indexed keywords

COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; URBANIZATION; WATER RESOURCE; WATER USE;

CHINA;

EID: 84952332442     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20711050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su71215803     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). China Statistical Yearbook 2014; China Statistics Press: Beijing, China, 2014. (In Chinese).
2. Hubacek, K.; Guan, D.B.; Barrett, J.;Wiedmann, T. Environmental implications of urbanization and lifestyle change in China: Ecological and water footprints. J. Clean. Prod. 2009, 14, 1241-1248.
3. Li, S.S.; Ma, Y. Urbanization, economic development and environmental change. Sustainability 2014, 6, 5143-5161.
4. Brown, L.R. How water scarcity will shape the new century. Water Sci. Technol. 2001, 4, 17-22.
5. Cai, X.M.Water stress, water transfer and social equity in Northern China: Implications for policy reforms. J. Environ. Manag. 2008, 1, 14-25.
6. Jiang, Y. China's water scarcity. J. Environ. Manag. 2009, 11, 3185-3196.
7. Bao, C.; Fang, C.L.Water resources constraint force on urbanization in water deficient regions: A case study of the Hexi Corridor, arid area of NW China. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 3-4, 508-517.
8. Bao, C.; Fang, C.L.Water resources flows related to urbanization in China: Challenges and perspectives for water management and urban development. Water Resour. Manag. 2012, 2, 531-552.
9. Bao, C.; Fang, C.L. Study on the quantitative relationship between urbanization and water resources utilization in the Hexi Corridor. J. Nat. Resour. 2006, 2, 301-310, (In Chinese).
10. Fang, C.L.; Bao, C.; Huang, J.C. Management implications to water resources constraint force on socio-economic system in rapid urbanization: A case study of Hexi Corridor, NW China. Water Resour. Manag. 2007, 9, 1613-1633.
11. Bao, C.; Chen, X.J. The driving effects of urbanization on economic growth and water use change in China: A provincial-level analysis in 1997-2011. J. Geogr. Sci. 2015, 5, 530-544.
12. Yang, Z.W.; Liu, H.L.; Xu, X.Y.; Yang, T.T. Applying the water footprint and dynamic structural decomposition analysis on the growing water use in China during 1997-2007. Ecol. Indic. 2016, 60, 634-643.
13. Berry, B.J.L. City Classification Handbook: Methods and Application; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1970.
14. Henderson, J.V. How Urban Concentration Affects Economic Growth; World Bank Publications: Washington, DC, USA, 2000.
15. Zhou, Y.X. The laws of the relationship between urbanization and GDP. Popul. Econ. 1982, 1, 28-33. (In Chinese).
16. Jiang, G.; Huo, Q. Theoretical and empirical study on the relationship between urbanization and economic growth in China. J. Ind. Technol. Econ. 2014, 245, 33-41. (In Chinese).
17. Liu, Y.B. An empirical analysis on the relationship between Chinese urbanization and economic growth. Commer. Res. 2006, 24, 23-27. (In Chinese)
18. Lin, X.Q.; Wang, D.; Ren, W.B. Research on the mechanism of urbanization to economic increase in China. Geogr. Res. 2013, 4, 691-700. (In Chinese)
19. Chen, A.P.; Partridge, M.D. When are cities engines of growth in China? Spread and backwash effects across the urban hierarchy. Reg. Stud. 2013, 8, 1313-1331.
20. David, E.B.; David, C.; Günther, F. Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science 2008, 319, 772-775.
21. Fitzhugh, T.W.; Richter, B.D. Quenching urban thirst: Growing cities and their impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Bioscience 2004, 54, 741-754.
22. Jenerette, G.D.; Larsen, L. A global perspective on changing sustainable urban water supplies. Glob. Planet. Change 2006, 3-4, 202-211.
23. Song, J.J.; Zhang, Q.J.; Liu, Y.Q. Analysis and suggestions on water resources security in 2020 in China. China Water Resour. 2004, 9, 14-17. (In Chinese)
24. Gao, Y.F. Urbanization and evolvement of water system. Urban Geotech. Invest. Surv. 1998, 3, 5-8. (In Chinese)
25. Zhou, Y.X.; Yu, H.B. Suggestions on reconstructing the urbanization levels in China based on the fifth population census. Stat. Res. 2002, 4, 44-47. (In Chinese)
26. Shen, J.F. Estimating urbanization levels in Chinese provinces in 1982-2000. Int. Stat. Rev. 2006, 1, 89-107.
27. Fang, C.L.; Bao, C.; Wang, W.; Liu, H.Y.; Lin, X.Q.; Liu, X.L. Report on China's Urbanization and the Guarantee of Resources and Eco-Environment; Science Press: Beijing, China, 2009. (In Chinese)
28. Engle, R.F.; Granger, C.W.J. Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica 1987, 55, 251-276.
29. Feng, T.W.; Sun, L.Y.; Zhang, Y. The relationship between energy consumption structure, economic structure and energy intensity in China. Energy Policy 2009, 37, 5475-5483.
30. Marques, A.C.; Fuinhas, J.A.; Menegaki, A.N. Interactions between electricity generation sources and economic activity in Greece: A VECM approach. Appl. Energy 2014, 132, 32-46.
31. Wang, S.J.; Fang, C.L.; Guan, X.L.; Pang, B.; Ma, H.T. Urbanisation, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in China: A panel data analysis of China's provinces. Appl. Energy 2014, 136, 738-749.
32. Dickey, D.A.; Fuller, W.A. Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1979, 74, 427-431.
33. Fuller,W.A. Introduction to Statistical Time Series; John Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1976.
34. Johansen, S.; Juselius, K. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration-With application to the demand for money. Oxf. B Econ. Stat. 1990, 2, 169-210.
35. Akaike, H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 1974, 6, 716-723.
36. Granger, C.W.J. Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica 1969, 3, 424-438.
37. Granger, C.W.J. Some recent developments in a concept of causality. J. Econo. 1988, 1-2, 199-211.
38. Wang, X.R.; Hui, E.; Choguill, C.; Jia, S.H. The new urbanization policy in China: Which way forward? Habitat Int. 2015, 47, 279-284.
39. Huang, G.W. From water-constrained to water-driven sustainable development-A case of water policy impact evaluation. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8950-8964.
40. Shi, Q.L.; Chen, S.Y.; Shi, C.C.; Wang, Z.; Deng, X.Z. The impact of industrial transformation on water use efficiency in northwest region of China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 56-74.
41. Merrett, S. Introduction to the Economics of Water Resources: An International Perspective; UCL Press: London, UK, 1997.
42. Jia, S.F.; Zhang, S.F.; Yang, H.; Xia, J. Relation of industrial water use and economic development: Water use Kuznets Curve. J. Nat. Resour. 2004, 3, 279-284. (In Chinese)
43. Tselios, V. The Granger-causality between income and educational inequality: A spatial cross-regressive VAR framework. Ann. Reg. Sci. 2014, 53, 221-243.