Constructing the cascade of HIV care: Methods for measurement

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 102-108

  Haber, Noah ^a,b   Pillay, Deenan ^b,c   Porter, Kholoud ^d   Barnighausen, Till ^a,b  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^c Division of Infection and Immunity   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cascade; continuum of care; HIV treatment; linkage

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HIV TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTITUTION; REVIEW; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HIV INFECTIONS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATIENT CARE;

CONTINUITY OF PATIENT CARE; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS;

EID: 84951907169     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000212     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Cohen MS, Holmes C, Padian N, et al. HIV treatment as prevention: how scientific discovery occurred and translated rapidly into policy for the global response. Health Aff (Millwood) 2012; 31:1439-1449.
2. Montaner JS, Hogg R, Wood E, et al. The case for expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to curb the growth of the HIV epidemic. Lancet 2006; 368:531-536.
3. Mugavero MJ, Amico KR, Horn T, Thompson MA. The state of engagement in HIV care in the United States: from cascade to continuum to control. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1164-1171.
4. Skarbinski J, Rosenberg E, Paz-Bailey G, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus transmission at each step of the care continuum in the United States. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:588-596.
5. Bhaskaran K, Hamouda O, Sannes M, et al. Changes in the risk of death after HIV seroconversion compared with mortality in the general population. JAMA 2008; 300:51-59.
6. Grinsztejn B, Luz PM, Pacheco AG, et al. Changing mortality profile among HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: shifting from AIDS to non-AIDS related conditions in the HAART era. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59768.
7. Yiannoutsos CT, Johnson LF, Boulle A, et al. Estimated mortality of adult HIVinfected patients starting treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy. Sex Transm Infect 2012; 88 ((Suppl 2)):i33-i43.
8. Bor J, Herbst AJ, Newell ML, Bärnighausen T. Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment. Science 2013; 339:961-965.
9. Jahn A, Floyd S, Crampin AC, et al. Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. Lancet 2008; 371:1603-1611.
10. Mills EJ, Bakanda C, Birungi J, et al. Life expectancy of persons receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries: a cohort analysis from Uganda. Ann Intern Med 2011; 155:209-216.
11. Egger M, May M, Chěne G, et al. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:119-129.
12. Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, et al. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-Analysis. AIDS 2009; 23:1397-1404.
13. Donnell D, Baeten JM, Kiarie J, et al. Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort analysis. Lancet 2010; 375:2092-2098.
14. Bunnell R, Ekwaru JP, Solberg P, et al. Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda. AIDS 2006; 20:85-92.
15. Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Grapsa E, et al. High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Science 2013; 339:966-971.
16. Alemnji G, Fonjungo P, Van Der Pol B, et al. The centrality of laboratory services in the HIV treatment and prevention cascade: the need for effective linkages and referrals in resource-limited settings. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2014; 28:268-273.
17. Powers K, Miller W. Critical review: building on the HIV cascade: a complementary 'HIV states and transitions' framework for describing HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment at the population level. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69:341-347.
18. UNAIDS. 90-90-90: an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. 2014.
19. Teshale E, Kamimoto L, Harris N, et al. Estimated number of HIV-infected persons eligible for and receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy [abstract]. In 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 2005.
20. Giordano TP, Suarez-Almazor ME, Grimes RM. The population effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy: are good drugs good enough? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2005; 2:177-183.
21. Greenberg AE, Hader S, Masur H, et al. Fighting HIV/AIDS in Washington, DC. Health Aff (Millwood) 2009; 28:1677-1687.
22. Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, et al. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-And-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:793-800.
23. Hallett TB, Eaton JW. A side door into care cascade for HIV-infected patients? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 63 ((Suppl 2)):S228-S232.
24. Nosyk B, Montaner JS, Colley G, et al. The cascade of HIV care in British Columbia, Canada, 1996-2011: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:40-49.
25. Gardner EM, Young B. The HIV care cascade through time. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:5-6.
26. Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Naik PK. Entry, retention, and virological suppression in an HIV cohort study in India: description of the cascade of care and implications for reducing HIV-related mortality in low-And middle-income countries. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2013; 2013:384805.
27. Haber N, Tanser F, Bor J, et al. Missed steps: longitudinal assessment of the full HIV treatment cascade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In Population Association of America Annual Meeting; 2015: San Diego.
28. MacCarthy S, Hoffmann M, Ferguson L, et al. The HIV care cascade: models, measures and moving forward. J Int AIDS Soc 2015; 18:19395.
29. EberhartMG,YehiaB,HillierA,etal. Behindthecascade:analyzingspatialpatterns alongtheHIVcarecontinuum. JAcquirImmuneDeficSyndr2013;64:S42-S51.
30. Heath K, Samji H, Nosyk B, et al. Cohort profile: seek and treat for the optimal prevention of HIV/AIDS in British Columbia (STOP HIV/AIDS BC). Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1073-1081.
31. Krentz HB, Macdonald J, John Gill M. High mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals before accessing or linking to HIV care: a missing outcome in the cascade of care? Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu011.
32. Van Beckhoven D, Lacor P, Moutschen M, et al. Factors associated with the continuum of care of HIV-infected patients in Belgium. J Int AIDS Soc 2014; 17 ((4 Suppl 3)):19534.
33. Maman D, Zeh C, Mukui I, et al. Cascade of HIV care and population viral suppression in a high-burden region of Kenya. AIDS 2015; 29:1557-1565.
34. Nsanzimana S, Kanters S, Remera E, et al. HIV care continuum in Rwanda: a cross-sectional analysis of the national programme. Lancet HIV 2015; 2:e208-e215.
35. Hall HI, Frazier EL, Rhodes P, et al. Differences in human immunodeficiency virus care and treatment among subpopulations in the United States. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:1337-1344.
36. Bradley H, Hall HI, Wolitski RJ, et al. Vital Signs: HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment among persons living with HIV: United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:1113-1117.
37. Giordano TP. The HIV treatment cascade: a new tool in HIV prevention. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:596-597.
38. Bärnighausen T, Salomon JA, Sangrujee N. HIV treatment as prevention: issues in economic evaluation. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001263.
39. Liu A, Colfax G, Cohen S, et al. The Spectrum of Engagement in HIV Prevention: Proposal for a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Cascade. In 7th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence; 2012: Miami.
40. Kelley CF, Kahle E, Siegler A, et al. Applying a PrEP continuum of care for men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Georgia. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 2015: civ664v2-civ664.
41. Oldenburg C, Bärnighausen T, Harling G, et al. Adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis for non-forcible sexual exposure to HIV: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:217-225.
42. Grant RM, Anderson PL, McMahan V, et al. Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:820-829.
43. Kilmarx PH, Mutasa-Apollo T. Patching a leaky pipe: the cascade of HIV care. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2013; 8:59-64.