The centrality of laboratory services in the HIV treatment and prevention cascade: The need for effective linkages and referrals in resource-limited settings

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 268-273

  Alemnji, George ^a   Fonjungo, Peter ^b   Van Der Pol, Barbara ^c   Peter, Trevor ^d   Kantor, Rami ^e   Nkengasong, John ^b  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d CLINTON HEALTH ACCESS INITIATIVE   (United States)

^e BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIDS PATIENT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COMMUNITY CARE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HEALTH CARE MANPOWER; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HIV RAPID TEST; HIV TEST; HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; LABORATORY; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT REFERRAL; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PROGRAM IMPACT; QUALITY CONTROL; RURAL POPULATION; VIRUS LOAD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH SERVICE; HIV INFECTIONS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CONTINUITY OF PATIENT CARE; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LABORATORIES; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION;

EID: 84899890720     PISSN: 10872914     EISSN: 15577449     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/apc.2013.0356     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. WHO HIV/AIDS. Fact sheet No 360. Available at: http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/index.html. Accessed August 26, 2013.
2. UNAIDS. World AIDS day report 2012: results. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/ gr2012/JC2434-WorldAIDS day-results-en.pdf. Accessed June 24, 2013.
3. Marum E, Taegtmeyer M, Parekh B, et al. "What took you so long?" The impact of PEPFAR on the expansion of HIV testing and counseling services in Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2012;60:S63-S69.
4. Nglazi MD, Kaplan R, Wood R, Bekker LG, Lawn SD. Identification of losses to follow-up in a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa using a computerized pharmacy tracking system. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:329.
5. Rosen S, Fox MP. Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Med 2011;8:1-16.
6. Somi G, Keogh SC, Todd J, et al. Low mortality risk but high loss to follow-up among patients in the Tanzanian national HIV care and treatment programme. Trop Med Int Health 2012;17:497-506.
7. Kilmarx PH, Mutasa-Apollo T. Patching a leaky pipe: The cascade of HIV care. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2013;8: 59-64.
8. HIV Health Services San Francisco. Linkages from HIV testing to HIV care. Available at: http://www.sfhivcare .com/PDFs/linkages-from-testing-to-care- best-practices.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2013.
9. Mutalemwa PP, Kisinza W, Urassa JAE, et al. Integrating reproductive and child health and HIV services in Tanzania: Implication to policy, systems and services. Tanzan J Health Res 2013;15:1-10.
10. Gounder CR, Chaisson RE. A diagonal approach to building primary healthcare systems in resource-limited settings: Women-centred integration of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, MCH and NCD initiatives. Trop Med Int Health 2012;17:1426-1431.
11. Ginsburg AS, Hoblitzelle CW, Sripipatana TL, Wilfert CM. Provision of care following prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services in resource-limited settings. AIDS 2007;21:2529-2532.
12. WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: Recommendations for a public health approach: 2010 revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
13. Bunnell R, Cherutich P. Universal HIV testing and counselling in Africa. Lancet 2010;371:214.
14. Kaiser R, Bunnell R, Hightower A, et al. Factors associated with HIV infection in married or cohabitating couples in Kenya: Results from a nationally representative study. PLoS One, 2011;6:e17842.
15. Odimegwu C, Adedini SA, Ononokpono DN. HIV/AIDS stigma and utilization of voluntary counselling and testing in Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2013;13:465.
16. Zachariah R, Ford N, Philips M, et al. Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: Opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009;103:549-558.
17. Sherr L, Lopman B, Kakowa M, et al. Voluntary counselling and testing: Uptake, impact on sexual behaviour, and HIV incidence in a rural Zimbabwean cohort. AIDS 2007;21:851-860.
18. Huang X, Lodi S, Fox Z, et al. Rate of CD4 decline and HIV-RNA change following HIV seroconversion in men who have sex with men: A comparison between the Beijing PRIMO and CASCADE cohorts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;62:441-446.
19. Hollingsworth TD, Anderson RM, Fraser C. HIV-1 transmission, by stage of infection. J Infect Dis 2008;198:687-693.
20. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2011;365:493-505.
21. Faraoni S, Rocchetti A, Gotta F, et al. Evaluation of a rapid antigen and antibody combination test in acute HIV infection. J Clin Virol 2013;57:84-87.
22. Jain KK, Mahajan RK, Shevkani M, Kumar P. Early infant diagnosis: A new tool of HIV diagnosis in children. Indian J Med Res 2011;36:139-142.
23. Alemnji G, Nkengasong J, Parekh BS. HIV testing in developing countries: What is required? Indian J Med Res 2011;134:8.
24. Nosyk B, Montaner JSG. The evolving landscape of the economics of HIV treatment and prevention. PLoS Med 2012;9:1-2.
25. Chimbwandira F, Mhango E, Makombe S, et al. Impact of an innovative approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-Malawi, July 2011-September 2012. MMWR 2013;62:148-149.
26. Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, De Cock KM, Williams BG. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: A mathematical model. Lancet 2009;373:48-57.
27. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2233-2244.
28. Dadabhai S, Kumwenda NI, Sun J, Kumwenda J, Rahman MH, Taha T. Child health outcomes in Blantyre, Malawi: 20-years of data from multiple longitudinal HIV cohorts. [Abstract MOPE 131]. Poster presented at 19th International AIDS Conference; July 22-27, 2012; Washington, DC.
29. Rosen S, Fox MP, Gill CJ. Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Med 2007;4:e298.
30. WHO/UNICEF/UNAIDS. Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report 2009. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/tuapr-2009-en.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2013.
31. Jani IV, Sitoe NE, Alfai ER, et al. Effect of point-of-care CD4 cell count tests on retention of patients and rates of antiretroviral therapy initiation in primary health clinics: An observational cohort study. Lancet 2011;378:1572-1579.
32. Kumwenda M, Tom S, Chan AK, et al. Reasons for accepting or refusing HIV services among tuberculosis patients at a TB-HIV integration clinic in Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011;15:1663-1669.
33. Alamo ST, Wagner GJ, Sunday P, et al. Electronic medical records and same day patient tracing improves clinic efficiency and adherence to appointments in a community based HIV/AIDS care program, in Uganda. AIDS Behav 2012;16:368-374.
34. WHO. Everybody's business: Strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO's framework for action. Available at: http://www.who.int/ healthsystems/strategy/everybodys-business.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2013.
35. Abimiku AG. Building laboratory infrastructure to support scale-up of HIV/AIDS treatment, care and prevention. Am J Clin Path 2009;131:875-886.
36. Olmsted SS, Moore M, Meili RC, et al. Strengthening laboratory systems in resource-limited settings. Am J Clin Pathol 2010;374-380.
37. Evans DB, and Etienne C. Health systems financing and the path to universal coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization; Geneva: WHO 2010; 88:402. Available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/6/10-078741. Accessed July 18, 2013.
38. Guenter D, Greer J, Barbara A, Robinson G, Roberts J, Browne G. Rapid point-of-care HIV testing in community based anonymous testing program: A valuable alternative to conventional testing. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2008;22:195-204.