Increased Salivary Nitric Oxide and G6PD Activity in Refugees with Anxiety and Stress

Stress and Health

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 435-440

  Gammoh, Omar S ^a   Al Smadi, Ahmed ^a   Al Awaida, Wajdy ^a   Badr, Mujtaba M ^b   Qinna, Nidal A ^b  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF MADABA   (Jordan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PETRA   (Jordan)

Author keywords

anxiety; G6PD; nitric oxide; stress

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; NITRIC OXIDE;

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FEMALE; HAMILTON ANXIETY SCALE; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; IRAQI; JORDANIAN; MALE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; REFUGEE; SALIVA ANALYSIS; ANXIETY; ETHNOLOGY; IRAQ; JORDAN; MENTAL STRESS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; SALIVA;

ADULT; ANXIETY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; HUMANS; IRAQ; JORDAN; MALE; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REFUGEES; SALIVA; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84951790091     PISSN: 15323005     EISSN: 15322998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/smi.2666     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Almadi, T., Ian, C., Hamdan Mansour, A. M., & Chow, C. M. (2012). An Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale: Translation and validation study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(1), 84–89.
2. Atmaca, M., Kuloglu, M., Tezcan, E., & Ustundag, B. (2008). Antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde levels in patients with social phobia. Psychiatry Research, 159, 95–100.
3. Bartosz, G. (1996). Peroxynitrite: Mediator of the toxic action of nitric oxide. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 43, 645–659.
4. Beamont, A. H. G. M., Miguel, A., Goos, C. M. A. A., Vermeesch-Markslag, A. M. G., Hermans, A., & Vermorken, A. J. M. (1988). The suitability of saliva for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Molecular Biology Reports, 13(2), 73–78.
5. Bosch, J. A., Brand, H. S., Ligtenberg, T. J., Bermond, B., Hoogstraten, J., & Nieuw Amerongen, A. V. (1996). Psychological stress as a determinant of protein levels and salivary-induced aggregation of Streptococcus gordonii in human whole saliva. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 374–382.
6. Cantor-Graae, E. (2007). Ethnic minority groups, particularly African–Caribbean and Black African groups, are at increased risk of psychosis in the UK. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 10, 95.
7. Chen, H., Spiers, J., Sernia, C., & Lavidis, N. (2015). Response of the nitrergic system to activation of the neuroendocrine stress axis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 1–7.
8. Ciriolo, M. R., De Martino, A., Lafavia, E., Rossi, L., Carri, M. T., & Rotilio, G. C. (2000). Zn-superoxide dismutase-dependent apoptosis induced by nitric oxide in neuronal cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 5065–5072.
9. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386–396.
10. Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Psychological stress in a probability sample of the United States. In Spacapan, S., & Oskamp, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology(pp. 31–67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11. de Oliveira, M. R., Silvestrin, R. B., Mello, E. S. T., & Moreira, J. C. (2007). Oxidative stress in the hippocampus, anxiety-like behavior and decreased locomotory and exploratory activity of adult rats: Effects of sub acute vitamin A supplementation at therapeutic doses. Neurotoxicology, 28, 1191–1199.
12. Galecki, P., Szemraj, J., Bienkiewicz, M., Florkowski, A., & Galecka, E. (2009). Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment. Pharmacological Reports, 63, 436–47.
13. Goyal, R., & Kumar, A. (2007). Protective effect of alprazolam in acute immobilization stress-induced certain behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. Pharmacological Reports, 59, 284–290.
14. Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J., Skipper, P. L., Wishnok, J. S., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1982). Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15 N] nitrate in biological fluids. Analytical Biochemistry, 126(1), 131–138.
15. Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55.
16. Hawgood, J., & Leo, D. (2008). Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviour: An update. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 51–64.
17. Henson, B. S., & Wong, D. T. (2010). Collection, storage, and processing of saliva samples for downstream molecular applications. Methods in Molecular Biology, 666, 21–30.
18. Jin, L., Qin, L., Xia, D., Liu, X., Fan, Z., & Zhang, C. (2013). Active secretion and protective effect of salivary nitrate against stress in human volunteers and rats. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 57, 61–67.
19. Kuloglu, M., Atmaca, M., Tezcan, E., Gecici, O., Tunckol, H., & Ustundag, B. (2002). Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 46, 27–32.
20. Lotfy, F. (1994). Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Cairo: Dar El-Anglo.
21. Lisboa, S. F., Gomes, F. V., Silva, A. L., Uliana, D. L., Camargo, L. H., Guimarães, F. S., & Resstel, L. B. (2015). Increased contextual fear conditioning in iNOS knockout mice: Additional evidence for the involvement of nitric oxide in stress-related disorders and contribution of the endocannabinoid system. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 6, 1–12.
22. Luzzatto, L., & Battistuzzi, G. (1985). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Advanced Human Genetics, 14, 217–329.
23. Machawal, L., & Kumar, A. (2014). Possible involvement of nitric oxide mechanism in the neuroprotective effect of rutin against immobilization stress induced anxiety like behaviour, oxidative damage in mice. Pharmacological Reports, 66, 15–21.
24. Maes, M., Mihaylova, I., Kubera, M., Uytterhoeven, M., Vrydags, N., & Bosmans, E. (2010). Increased plasma peroxides and serum oxidized low density lipoprotein antibodies in major depression: Markers that further explain the higher incidence of neurodegeneration and coronary artery disease. Journal of Affective Disorders, 125, 287–94.
25. McClelland, D. C., Ross, G., & Patel, V. (1985). The effect of an academic examination on salivary norepinephrine and immunoglobulin levels. Journal of Human Stress, 11, 52–59.
26. Morse, D. R., Schacterle, G. R., Furst, M. L., Goldberg, J., Greenspan, B., Swiecinski, D., & Susek, J. (1982). The effect of stress and meditation on salivary protein and bacteria: A review and pilot study. Journal of Human Stress, 8(4), 31–39.
27. Olivenza, R., Moro, M. A., Lizasoain, L., Lorenzo, P., Fernández, A. P., Rodrigo, J., Boscá, L., & Leza, J. C. (2000). Chronic stress induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat brain cortex. Journal of Neurochemistry, 74, 785–791.
28. Thoma, M. V., Joksimovic, L., Kirschbaum, C., Wolf, J. M., & Rohleder, N. (2011). Altered salivary alpha-amylase awakening response in Bosnian War refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 810–7.
29. Tousignant, M., Habimana, E., Biron, C., Malo, C., Sidoli-LeBlanc, E., & Bendris, N. (1999). The Quebec Adolescent Refugee Project: Psychopathology and family variables in a sample from 35 nations. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
30. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR Global Trends (2010). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2011. www.unhcr.org/4dfa11499.html
31. Wei, Y. C., Zhou, F. L., He, D. L., Bai, J. R., Hui, L. Y., Wang, X. Y., et al. (2009). The level of oxidative stress and the expression of genes involved in DNA-damage signaling pathways in depressive patients with colorectal carcinoma. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66, 259–66.