Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Nature of Vertical Mixing in a Zonally Averaged Model

Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts - Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 33-52

  Marchal, Olivier ^a   Jackson, Charles ^b   Nilsson, Johan ^c   Paul, André ^d   Stocker, Thomas F ^e  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Meridional overturning circulation

Indexed keywords

MIXING; WATER;

BUOYANCY DRIVEN FLOWS; DENSITY STRATIFICATION; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITIES; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATIONS; PLAUSIBLE ASSUMPTIONS; RELAXATION OSCILLATION; SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATIONS; VERTICAL STRATIFICATION;

BUOYANCY;

EID: 84950993505     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/173GM05     Document Type: Chapter

References (36)

1. Bryden, H.L., and S. Imawaki, Ocean heat transport, G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould (Eds.), Ocean Circulation and Climate, Volume 77 of International Geophysical Series, pp. 455-474. Academic Press, 2001.
2. Cummins, P.F., G. Holloway, and A.E. Gargett, Sensitivity of the GFDL ocean general circulation model to a parameterization of vertical diffusion, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 817-830, 1990.
3. Dijkstra, H.A. Nonlinear physical oceanography: A dynamical system approach to the large scale ocean circulation and El Nino. Springer, Dordrecht, New York, 2005.
4. Gargett, A.E., Vertical eddy diffusivity in the ocean interior, J. Marine Res., 42, 359-393, 1984.
5. Gent, P.R., and J.C. McWilliams, Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155, 1990.
6. Gent, P.R., J. Willebrand, T.J. McDougall, and J.C. McWilliams, Parameterizing eddy-induced tracer transports in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 463-474, 1995.
7. Gnanadesikan, A., A simple predictive model for the structure of the oceanic thermocline, Science, 283, 2077-2079, 1999.
8. Hu, D., On the sensitivity of thermocline depth and meridional heat transport to vertical diffusivity in OGCMs, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1480-1494, 1996.
9. Huang, R.X., Mixing and energetics of the ocean thermohaline circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 727-746, 1999.
10. Kato, H., and O.M. Phillips, On the penetration of a turbulent layer into a stratified fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 37, 643-655, 1969.
11. Klinger, B.A., and J. Marotzke, Behavior of double-hemisphere thermohaline flows in a single basin, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 382-399, 1999.
12. Marotzke, J., 1989. Instabilities and multiple steady states of the thermohaline circulation. in D.L.T. Anderson and J. Willebrand (Eds.), Ocean Circulation Models: Combining Data and Dynamics, NATO ASI, pp. 501-511. Kluwer.
13. Mohammad, R., and J. Nilsson, The role of diapycnal mixing for the equilibrium response of the thermohaline circulation, Ocean Dynamics, 54, 54-65, 2004.
14. Mohammad, R., and J. Nilsson, Symmetric and asymmetric modes of the thermohaline circulation, Tellus,Ser. A, 58, 616-627, 2006.
15. Munk, W., and C. Wunsch, Abyssal recipes II: Energetics of tidal and wind mixing, Deep Sea Res., 45, 1977-2010, 1998.
16. Nilsson, J., G. Broström, and G. Walin, The thermohaline circulation and vertical mixing: Does weaker density stratification give stronger overturning?, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2781-2795, 2003.
17. Nilsson, J., and G. Walin, Freshwater forcing as a booster of the thermohaline circulation, Tellus, 53A, 629-641, 2001.
18. Olsen, S.M., G. Shaffer, and C.J. Bjerrum, Ocean oxygen isotope constraints on mechanisms for millennial-scale climate variability, Paleoceanography, 20, doi:10.1029/2004PA001063, 2005.
19. Osborn, T.R., Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 83-89, 1980.
20. Park, Y.-G., and K. Bryan, Comparison of thermally driven circulations from a depth-coordinate model and a isopycnal-layer model. Part I: Scaling-law sensitivity to vertical diffusivity, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 972-991, 2001.
21. Paul, A., and M. Schulz. Holocene climate variability on centennial-to-millennial time scales: 2. Internal and forced oscillations as possible causes, G. Wefer, W. Berger, K.-E. Behre, and E. Jansen (Eds.), Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm, pp. 55-73. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002.
22. Pedlosky, J. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2 ed.). Springer, 1987. 710 pp.
23. Polzin, K.L., J.M. Toole, and R.W. Schmitt, Finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 306-328, 1995.
24. Saenko, O.A., and A.J. Weaver, Southern ocean upwelling and eddies: Sensitivity of the global overturning to the surface density range, Tellus,Ser. A, 55A, 106-111, 2003.
25. Samelson, R.M., and G.K. Vallis, Large-scale circulation with small diapycnal diffusion: The two-thermocline limit, J. Marine Res., 55, 223-275, 1997.
26. Stoker, J.J., Nonlinear vibrations, Pure and applied mathemathics. Interscience publishers, Inc., New York, 1950. 273 pp.
27. Stommel, H., Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow, Tellus, 13, 224-241, 1961.
28. Toggweiler, J.R., and B. Samuels, On the ocean's large-scale circulation near the limit of no vertical mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1832-1852, 1998.
29. Vallis, G.K., Large-scale circulation and production of stratification: Effects of wind, geometry, and diffusion, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 933-954, 2000.
30. Welander, P., 1986. Thermohaline effects in the ocean circulation and related simple models. in J. Willebrand and D.L.T. Anderson (Eds.), Large-Scale Transport Processes in Oceans and Atmosphere, pp. 163-200. D. Reidel.
31. Winton, M., and E.S. Sarachik, Thermohaline oscillations induced by strong steady salinity forcing of ocean general circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1389-1410, 1993.
32. Wright, D.G., and T.F. Stocker, A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation, Part I: Model development and flow dynamics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1713-1724, 1991.
33. Wright, D.G., and T.F. Stocker, Sensitivities of a zonally averaged global ocean circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,707-12,730, 1992.
34. Wright, D.G., T.F. Stocker, and D. Mercer, Closures used in zonally averaged ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 791-804, 1998.
35. Wright, D.G., C.B. Vreugdenhil, and T.M. Hughes, Vorticity dynamics and zonally averaged ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2141-2154, 1995.
36. Wunsch, C., and R. Ferrari, Vertical mixing, energy, and the general circulation of the oceans, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 36, 281-313, 2004.