Compositional Dependence of the Elastic Wave Velocities of Mantle Minerals: Implications for Seismic Properties of Mantle Rocks

Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 301-320

  Speziale, Sergio ^a   Jiang, Fuming ^b   Duffy, Thomas S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Earth Mantle Research; Heat Convection, Natural Research; Seismology Research; Thermochemistry Research

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; BINARY ALLOYS; CALCIUM ALLOYS; ELASTIC WAVES; ELASTICITY; GARNETS; HEAT CONVECTION; IRON ALLOYS; LITHOLOGY; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; ROCKS; SEISMOLOGY; SILICATE MINERALS; SINGLE CRYSTALS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; EARTH MANTLE; EFFECT OF CHEMICALS; ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITY; FIRST-ORDER APPROXIMATIONS; LIMITED INFORMATION; MID OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHIC MODELS;

SHEAR FLOW;

EID: 84950989320     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/160GM18     Document Type: Chapter

References (113)

1. Abramson, E. H., J. M. Brown, L. J. Slutsky, and J. Zaug (1997), The elastic constants of San Carlos olivine to 17 GPa, J. Geo-phys. Res., 102, 12253-12263.
2. 2+ partitioning among constituent minerals, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 19, 31-51.
3. Anderson, D. L., and J. D. Bass (1986), Transition region of the Earth's upper mantle, Nature, 320, 321-328.
4. Anderson, O. L., and D. G. Isaak (1995), Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature, in Mineral physics and crystallography. A handbook of physical constants, AGUReference shelf 2, edited by T. J . Ahrens, pp.64-97, AGU, Washington D.C.
5. Angel, R. J. (2000), Equations of state, in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Crystal Chemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol. 41, edited by R. M. Hazen and R. T. Downs, pp. 35-59, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C.
6. Antolik, M., Y. J. Gu, G. Ekstrom, and A. M. Dziewonski (2003), J362D28: a new joint model of compressional and shear velocity in the Earth's mantle, Geophys. J. Inter., 153, 443-466.
7. Armbruster, T., C. A. Geiger, and G. A. Lager (1992), Single-crystal X-ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, Am. Mineral, 77, 512-521.
8. Babuška, V., J. Fiala, M. Kumazawa, I. Ohno, and Y. Sumino (1978), Elastic properties of garnet solid-solution series, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 16, 157-176.
9. Bass J. D. (1986), Elasticity of uvarovite and andradite garnets, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7505-7516.
10. Bass, J. D. (1989), Elasticity of grossular and spessartine garnets by Brillouin spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7621-7628.
11. Bass, J. D., and D. L. Anderson (1984), Composition of the upper mantle: geophysical tests of two petrological models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 211-240.
12. Bass, J. D., and M. Kanzaki (1990), Elasticity of majorite-pyrope solid solution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 97, 4809-4822.
13. Bass, J. D., and D. J. Weidner (1984), Elasticity of single-crystal orthoferrosilite, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4359-4371.
14. Beckman Fritzel, T. L., and J. D. Bass (1997), Sound velocity of clinohumite, and implications for water in Earth's upper mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1023-1026.
15. Cammarano, F., S. Goes, P. Vacher, and D. Giardini (2003), Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic velocities, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 138, 197-222.
16. Chai, M, J. M. Brown, and L. J. Slutsky (1997), The elastic constants of an aluminum orthopyroxene to 12.5 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14779-14785.
17. Chen, G., R. C. Liebermann, and D. J. Weidner (1998), Elasticity of single-crystal MgO to 8 gigapascal and 1600 K, Science, 280, 1913-1916.
18. Collins, M.D., and J. M. Brown (1998), Elasticity of an upper mantle clinopyroxene, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 26, 7-13.
19. Davies, G. F, and A. M. Dziewonski (1975), Homogeneity and constitution of the Earth's lower mantle and outer core, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 10, 336-343.
20. Duffy T. S., and D. L. Anderson (1989), Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1895-1912.
21. Duffy, T. S., and M. T. Vaughan (1988), Elasticity of enstatite and its relationship to crystal structure, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 383-391.
22. Fei, Y. (1995), Thermal expansion, in Mineral physics and crystallography. A handbook ofphysical constants, AGU Reference shelf 2, edited by T. J. Ahrens, pp.29-44, AGU, Washington D.C. 64-97.
23. Fei, Y, and C. M. Bertka (1999), Phase transitions in the Earth's mantle and mantle mineralogy, in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation, Special Publication No. 6, edited by Y. Fei, C. M. Bertka, and B. O. Mysen, pp.189-207, The Geochemical Society, Houston.
24. Forte, A. M., and J. X. Mitrovica (2001), Deep-mantle high-viscosity flow and thermochemical structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data, Nature, 410, 1049-1056.
25. Forte, A. M., and R. Woodward (1997), Seismic-geodynamic constraints on three-dimensional structure, vertical flow, and heat transfer in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17981-17994.
26. Forte, A. M., and H. K. C. Perry (2000), Geodynamic evidence for a chemical depleted continent tectosphere, Science, 290, 1940-1944.
27. Frisillo, A. L., and G. R. Barsch (1972), Measurement of single-crystal elastic constants of bronzite as a function of pressure and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6360-6384.
28. Gasparik, T., and M. T. Hutchison (2001), Experimetnal evidence for the origin of two kinds of inclusions in diamonds from the deep mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 181, 103-114.
29. 12 garnet: An analysis and a review, Mineral. Petrol, 66, 271-299.
30. Goes, S., R. Govers, and P. Vacher (2000), Shallow mantletempera-tures under Europefrom P and S wavetomography, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11153-11169.
31. 4, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 16, 186-198.
32. Grand, S. P, R.D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro (1997), Global seismic tomography: a snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-7.
33. Griffin, W. L, S. Y. O'Reilly, and C. G. Ryan (1999), The composition of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation, Special Publication No. 6, edited by Y. Fei, C. M. Bertka, and B. O. Mysen, pp. 13-45, The Geochemical Society, Houston.
34. Gung, Y, M. Panning, and B. Romanowicz (2003), Global anisot-ropy and the thickness of continents, Nature, 422, 707-711.
35. Hashin, Z., and S. Shtrikman (1961), Note on a variational approach to the theory of composite elastic materials, J. Franklin Inst., 271, 336-341.
36. Hashin, Z., and S. Shtrikman (1963), A variational approach to the elastic behavior of multiphase materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 11, 127-140.
37. Hill, R. (1963), Elastic properties of reinforced solids: Some theoretical principles, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 11, 357-372.
38. 4, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160, 107-113.
39. Irifune, T., and M. Isshiki (1998), Iron partitioning in a pyrolite mantle and the nature of the 410-km seismic discontinuity, Nature, 392, 702-705.
40. Irifune, T., and A. E. Ringwood (1987a), Phase transformations in primitive MORB and pyrolite compositions to 25 GPa and some geophysical implications, in High Pressure Research in Geophysics, edited by M. H. Manghnani and Y. Syono, pp. 231-242, Terrapub, AGU, Tokyo, Washington D.C.
41. Irifune, T., and A. E. Ringwood (1987b), Phase transformations in a harzburgite composition to 26 GPa: Implications for dynamical behavior of the subducting slab, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 86, 365-376.
42. Irifune, T, and A. E. Ringwood (1993), Phase transformation in subducted oceanic crust and buoyancy relationships at depths of 600-800 km in the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 117, 101-110.
43. Irifune, T, T. Sekine, A. E. Ringwood, and W. O. Hibberson (1986), The eclogite-garnetite transformation at high pressure and some geophysical implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 77, 245-256.
44. Isaak, D. G., O. L. Anderson, T. Goto, and I. Suzuki (1989), Elasticity of single-crystal forsterite measured to 1700 K, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5895-5906.
45. Isaak, D. G., O. L. Anderson, and H. Oda (1992), High-temperature thermal expansion and elasticity of calcium-rich garnets, Phys. Chem. Miner., 19, 106-120.
46. Isaak, D. G., and E. K. Graham (1976), The elastic properties of an almandine-spessartine garnet and elasticity in the garnet solid solution series, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2483-2489.
47. Isaak, D. G., E. K. Graham, J.D. Bass, and H. Wang (1993), The elastic properties of single-crystal fayalite as determined by dynamical measurements techniques, Pure Appl. Geophys. 141, 393-414.
48. Isaak, D. G., and I. Ohno (2003), Elastic constants of chrome-diop-side: application of resonantultrasound spectroscopic to mono-clinic single-crystals, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 30, 430-439.
49. Ita, J., and L. Stixrude (1992), Petrology, elasticity and composition of the mantle transition zone, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6849-6866.
50. Ita, J., and L. Stixrude (1993), Density and elasticity of model upper mantle compositions and their implications for whole mantle structure, in Evolution of the Earth and Planets, Geophysical Monograph 74, edited by E. Takahashi, R. Jeanloz and D. Rubie, pp. 111-130, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C.
51. Jackson, I., and H. Niesler (1982), The elasticity of periclase to 3 GPa and some geophysical implications, in High Pressure Research in Geophysics, edited by S. I. Akimoto and M. H. Manghnani, pp.93-113, Cent, for Acad. Publ, Tokyo.
52. 3 orthoenstatite, Am. Mineral, 84, 677-680.
53. 4 to 873 K by Bril-louin spectroscopy, Am. Mineral, 85, 296-303.
54. Jackson, J. M., J. Zhang, and J.D. Bass (2004), Sound velocities and elasticity of aluminous MgSiO3 perovskite: Implications for aluminum heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett, 31, L10614, doi:10.1029/2004GL019918.
55. Jacobsen, S.D., H. J. Reichmann, H. A. Spetzler, S. J. Mackwell, J. R. Smyth, R. J. Angel, and C. A. McCammon (2002), Structure and elasticity of single-crystal (Mg,Fe)0 and a new method of generating shear waves for gigahertz ultrasonic interferometry, J. Geophys. Res., 107, Art. 2037.
56. Jiang, E, S. Speziale, R. S. Shieh, and T. S. Duffy (2004a), Single crystal elasticity of andradite garnet to 11 GPa, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 16, S1041-S1052.
57. Jiang, F., S. Speziale, and T. S. Duffy (2004b), Single-crystal elasticity of grossular- and almandine-rich garnets to 12 GPa by Brillouin spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B10210, doi:10.1029/2004JB003081.
58. Jordan, T. H. (1978), Composition and development of the continental tectosphere, Nature, 274, 544-548.
59. Jordan, T. H. (1979), Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications, in The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics, Proceedings of the Second Interantional Kimberlite Conference, vol. 2, edited by F. R. Boyd, and H. O. Meyer, pp. 1-14, AGU, Washington D.C.
60. Kandelin, J., and D. J. Weidner (1988), Elastic properties of heden-bergite.J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1063-1072.
61. Karato, S-I. (1993), Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1623-1626.
62. Karato, S-I., and H. Jung (1988), Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 193-207.
63. Karato, S-I., and B. B. Karki (2001), Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave velocities and density in the deep mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21771-21783.
64. Kennett, B. L. N., S. Widiyantoro, and R.D. van der Hilst (1988), Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear wave speed in the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12469-12493.
65. 3-perovskite at high pressure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/20002GL014683.
66. Kumazawa, M. (1969), The elastic constants of single-crystal orthopyroxene, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5973-5980.
67. Lee, C-T. A. (2003), Compositional variation of density and seismic velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions: Implications for seismic imaging of compositional heterogeneities in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2441, doi:10.1029/ 2003JB002413.
68. Liebermann, R. C. (2000), Elasticity of mantle minerals (experimental studies), in Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale, Geophys. Monogr. Sen, vol. 117, edited by S-I. Karato , A. Forte, R. Liebermann, G. Masters, and L. Stixrude, pp. 181-199, AGU, Washington D.C.
69. Liu, L. G., K. Okamoto, Y. J. Yang, C. C. Chen, and C. C. Lin (2004), Elasticity of single-crystal phase D ( adense hydrous magnesiumsilicate)by Brillouin spectroscopy, Solid State Comm., 132, 517-520.
70. Masters, G., G. Laske, H. Bolton, and A. M. Dziewonski (2000), The relative behavior of shear velocity, bulk sound speed, and compressional velocity in the mantle: Implications for chemical and thermal structure, in Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 117, edited by S-I. Karato , A. Forte, R. Liebermann, G. Masters, and L. Stixrude, pp. 63-87, AGU, Washington D.C.
71. McDonough, W. F., and R. L. Rudnick (1998), Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle, in Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Deep Interior, Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 37, edited by R. J. Hemley, pp. 139-164, Min. Soc. Am., Washington, D.C.
72. Menzies, M. A., and C. Dupuy (1991), Orogenic massifs: protolith, process and provenance, J. Petrol. Spec. Lherzolites Issue, edited by M. A. Menzies, C. Dupuy, and A. Nicolas, pp. 1-16, Oxford University Press, New York.
73. Moore, R. O., and J. J. Gurney (1985), Pyroxene solid solution in garnets included in diamond, Nature, 335, 784-789.
74. Novack, G. A., and G. V. Gibbs (1971), The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, Am. Mineral., 56, 791-825.
75. Pacalo, R. E. G., and D. J. Weidner (1996), Elasticity of superhy-drous B, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 23, 520-525.
76. O'Neill, B., J.D. Bass, J. R. Smyth, and M. T. Vaughan (1989), Elasticity of a grossular-pyrope-almandine garnet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17819-17824.
77. O'Neill, B., J.D. Bass, G. R. Rossman, C. A. Geiger, and K. Langer (1991), Elastic properties of pyrope, Phys. Chem. Miner., 17, 617-621.
78. O'Neill, B., J.D. Bass, and G. M. Rossman (1993), Elastic properties of hydrogrossular garnet and and implications for water in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20031-10037.
79. Rigden, S. M., and I. Jackson (1991), Elasticity of germanate and silicate spinels at high pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9999-10006.
80. 4 polymorphs and constraints on the composition of the transition zone of the Earth mantle, in High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Science, Geophys. Monogr. Sen, vol. 67, edited by Y. Syono and M. H. Manghnani, pp.167-182, AGU, Washington D.C.
81. Ringwood, A. E. (1975), Composition and Petrology of the Earth Mantle, McGraw-Hill, New York.
82. Saltzer, R. L., R.D. van Der Hilst, and H. Kârason (2001), Comparing P and S wave heterogeneity in the mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1335-1338.
83. Sawamoto, H., D. J. Weidner, S. Sasaki, and M. Kumazawa (1984), Single-crystal elastic properties of the modified spinel(β) phase of magnesium orthosilicate, Science, 224, 749-751.
84. Sinogeikin, S. V., J.D. Bass, A. Kavner, R. Jeanloz (1997), Elasticity of natural majorité and ringwoodite from the Catherwood meteorite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 3265-3268.
85. Sinogeikin, S. V., and J.D. Bass (1999), Single-crystal elastic properties of chondrodite, : implications for water in the upper mantle, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 26, 297-303.
86. Sinogeikin, S. V., J.D. Bass (2000), Single-crystal elasticity of pyrope and MgO to 20 GPa by Brillouin scattering in the diamond anvil cell, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 120, 43-62.
87. Sinogeikin, S. V., and J.D. Bass (2002), Elasticity of majorité and a majotite-pyrope solid solution to high pressure: implications for the transition zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2001GL013937.
88. Sinogeikin, S. V., J.D. Bass, and T. Katsura (2003), Single-crystal elasticity of ringwoodite to high pressures and high temperatures: implications for 520 km seismic discontinuity, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter, 136, 41-66.
89. 3, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 143-144, 575-586.
90. Sinogeikin, S. V., T. Katsura, and J.D. Bass (1998), Sound velocities and elastic properties of Fe-bearing wadsleyite and ringwoodite, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20819-20825.
91. Skinner, B. J. (1956), Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, Am. Mineral, 41, 428-436.
92. 2) to 9.3 GPa, Phys. Chem. Miner., 29, 465-472.
93. Speziale, S., T. S. Duffy, and R. J. Angel (2004), Single-crystal elasticity of fayalite to 12 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B12, B12202, doi:10.1029/2004JB003162.
94. Stixrude, L., and C Lithgow-Bertelloni (2005), Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: Origin of the low velocity zone, J. Geophys. Res., in press.
95. Su, W-J., and A. M. Dziewonski (1997), Simultaneous inversion for 3D variations in shear and bulk velocity in the mantle, Phys.Earth Planet. Inter., 100, 135-156.
96. Sumino, Y, and O. Nishizawa (1978), Temperature variation of elastic constants of of pyrope-almandine garnets, J. Phys. Earth, 26, 239-252.
97. Sumino, Y, O. Nishizawa, T. Goto, I. Ohno, and M. Ozima (1977), Temperature variation of elastic constants of single-crystal fors-terite between -190 and 400° C, J. Phys. Earth, 25, 377-392.
98. Suzuki, I., and O. L. Anderson (1983), Elasticity and thermal expansion ofa natural garnet up to 1,000 K, J. Phys. Earth, 31, 125-138.
99. van der Hilst, R.D., and H. Karason (1999), Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 100 kilometers of the Earth's mantle: toward a hybrid convection model, Science, 283, 1885-1888.
100. Vacher, P., A. Moquet, and C. Sotin (1998), Computation of seismic profiles from mineral physics: the importance of the non-olivine components for explaining the 660 depth discontinuity, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter., 196, 275-298.
101. Wang, J., S. V. Sinogeikin, T. Inoue, and J.D. Bass (2003), Elastic properties of hydrous rongwoodite, Am. Mineral, 88, 1608-1611.
102. Watanabe, H. (1982), Thermochemical properties of synthetic high-pressure compounds relevant to the earth's mantle, in High pressure Research in Geophysics, edited by S. Akimoto and M. H. Manghnani, pp. 441-464, Center for Academic Publications, Tokyo, Japan.
103. Watt, J. P., G. F. Davies, and R. J. O'Connell (1976), The elastic properties of composite materials, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 14, 541-563.
104. 3, Eur. J. Mineral, 5, 1111-1119.
105. Weidner, D. J., H. Wang, and J. Ito (1978), Elasticity of orthoen-statite, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 17, P7-P13.
106. Weidner D. J., H. Sawamoto, S. Sasaki, and M. Kumazawa (1984), Single-crystal elastic properties of the spinel phase of Mg2SiO4, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7852-7860.
107. Xia, X., D. J. Weidner, and Y. Zhao (1998), Equation of state of brucite: Single-crystal Brillouin spectroscopy study and poly-crystalline pressure-volume-temperature measurement, Am. Mineral, 83, 68-74.
108. Yeganeh-Haeri, A., D. J. Weidner, and E. Ito (1990), Elastic properties of the pyroxene-majorite solid solution series, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2453-2456.
109. Yoneda, A., and M. Morioka (1992), Pressure derivatives of elastic constants of single crystal forsterite, in High-pressure research: Application to Earth and planetary sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. H. Manghnani, pp. 207-214. Terra Scientific Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo / American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
110. Zha, C-S., T. S. Duffy, R. T. Downs, H-K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley (1996), Sound velocity and elasticity of single-crystal forsterite to 16 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17535-17545.
111. Zha, C-S., T. S. Duffy, H-K. Mao, R. T. Downs, R. J. Hemley, and D. J. Weidner (1997), Single-crystal elasticity of β-Mg2SiO4 to the pressure of the 410 km seismic discontinuity in the Earth's mantle, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, E9-E15.
112. Zha, C-S., T. S. Duffy, R. T. Downs, H-K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley (1998), Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction of San Carlos olivine: direct pressure determination to 32 GPa, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 159, 25-33.
113. Zha, C-S., H-K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley (2000), Elasticity of MgO and a primary pressure scale to 55 GPa, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 13494-13499.