Land cover in single-family housing areas and how it correlates with urban form

Urban Ecosystems

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1103-1123

  Nielsen, Mette Boye ^a   Jensen, Marina Bergen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Detached houses; Gardens; Imperviousness; Residential; Urban land cover; Urban vegetation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949317214     PISSN: 10838155     EISSN: 15731642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0471-7     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Akbari H, Shea Rose L, Taha H (2003) Analyzing the land cover of an urban environment using high-resolution orthophotos. Landsc Urban Plan 63:1–14
2. Alberti M (2005) The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. Int Reg Sci Rev 28:168–192
3. Al-Kofahi S, Steele C, VanLeeuwen D, St. Hilaire R (2012) Mapping land cover in urban residential landscapes using very high spatial resolution aerial photographs. Urban For Urban Green 11:291–301
4. Andersen H, Vestergaard H, Gottschalk G (2001) Det danske boligmarked—udvikling i boligforsyning og boligønsker. AKF, Copenhagen
5. Attwell K (2000) Urban land resources and urban planting—case studies from Denmark. Landsc Urban Plan 52:145–163
6. Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999) Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecol Econ 29:293–301
7. Boone C, Cadenasso M, Grove JM, Schwarz K, Buckley G (2010) Landscape, vegetation characteristics, and group identity in an urban and suburban watershed: why the 60s matter. Urban Ecosyst 13:255–271
8. Conway T, Hackworth J (2007) Urban pattern and land cover variation in the greater Toronto area. Can Geogr 51:43–57
9. Cook E, Hall S, Larson K (2012) Residential landscapes as social-ecological systems: a synthesis of multi-scalar interactions between people and their home environment. Urban Ecosyst 15:19–52
10. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Nielsen K, Stjernholm M, Olsen BØ, Müller-Wohfeil D, Madsen I, Kjeldgaard A, Groom G, Hansen HS, Rolev AM, Hermansen B, Skov-Petersen H, Johannsen VK, Hvidbjerg M, Jensen JE, Bacher V, Larsen H (2000) Areal informations systemet. Miljø & Energiministeriet, Kbh
11. Davies ZG, Fuller RA, Loram A, Irvine KN, Sims V, Gaston KJ (2009) A national scale inventory of resource provision for biodiversity within domestic gardens. Biol Conserv 142:761–771
12. Doody B, Sullivan J, Meurk C, Stewart G, Perkins H (2010) Urban realities: the contribution of residential gardens to the conservation of urban forest remnants. Biodivers Conserv 19:1385–1400
13. Forman RTT (1995) Land mosaics, the ecology of landscapes and regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
14. Gaston K, Warren P, Thompson K, Smith R (2005) Urban domestic gardens (IV): the extent of the resource and its associated features. Biodivers Conserv 14:3327–3349
15. Gilbert OL (1991) The ecology of urban habitats. Chapman and Hall, London
16. Gill SE, Handley JF, Ennos AR, Pauleit S, Theuray N, Lindley SJ (2008) Characterising the urban environment of UK cities and towns: a template for landscape planning. Landsc Urban Plan 87:210–222
17. Goddard MA, Dougill AJ, Benton TG (2010) Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends Ecol Evol 25:90–98
18. Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, Redman CL, Wu J, Bai X, Briggs JM (2008) Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319:756–760
19. Henry JA, Dicks SE (1987) Association of urban temperatures with land use and surface materials. Landsc Urban Plan 14:21–29
20. Heywood DI, Cornelius S, Carver S (2006) An introduction to geographical information systems. Pearson Prentice Hall, New York
21. Kim J, Zhou X (2012) Landscape structure, zoning ordinance, and topography in hillside residential neighborhoods: a case study of Morgantown, WV. Landsc Urban Plan 108:28–38
22. Lind O, Møller J (1996) Bag hækken. Det danske parcelhus i lyst og nød. Arkitektens Forlag, København
23. Loram A, Warren P, Gaston K (2008) Urban domestic gardens (XIV): the characteristics of gardens in five cities. Environ Manag 42:361–376
24. Lowry J, Baker M, Ramsey R (2012) Determinants of urban tree canopy in residential neighborhoods: household characteristics, urban form, and the geophysical landscape. Urban Ecosyst 15:247–266
25. Mathieu R, Freeman C, Aryal J (2007) Mapping private gardens in urban areas using object-oriented techniques and very high-resolution satellite imagery. Landsc Urban Plan 81:179–192
26. McGarigal K, Cushman S, Ene E (2012) FRAGSTATS v4: spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html
27. McPherson EG, Simpson JR, Livingston M (1989) Effects of three landscape treatments on residential energy and water use in Tucson, Arizona. Energy Build 13:127–138
28. Pauleit S, Duhme F (2000) Assessing the environmental performance of land cover types for urban planning. Landsc Urban Plan 52:1–20
29. Pauleit S, Ennos R, Golding Y (2005) Modeling the environmental impacts of urban land use and land cover change—a study in Merseyside, UK. Landsc Urban Plan 71:295–310
30. Perry T, Nawaz R (2008) An investigation into the extent and impacts of hard surfacing of domestic gardens in an area of Leeds, United Kingdom. Landsc Urban Plan 86:1–13
31. Ravn H (2011) Gulerødder, græs eller granit. Danske parcelhushaver 1950–2008. Øhavsmuseets Forlag, Rudkøbing
32. Robinson D (2012) Land-cover fragmentation and configuration of ownership parcels in an exurban landscape. Urban Ecosyst 15:53–69
33. Rudd H, Vala J, Schaefer V (2002) Importance of backyard habitat in a comprehensive biodiversity conservation strategy: a connectivity analysis of urban green spaces. Restor Ecol 10:368–375
34. Sanders RA (1984) Some determinants of urban forest structure. Urban Ecol 8:13–27
35. Sanders RA (1986) Urban vegetation impacts on the hydrology of Dayton, Ohio. Urban Ecol 9:361–376
36. Savard JL, Clergeau P, Mennechez G (2000) Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems. Landsc Urban Plan 48:131–142
37. Shuster WD, Bonta J, Thurston H, Warnemuende E, Smith DR (2005) Impacts of impervious surface on watershed hydrology: a review. Urban Water J 2:263–275
38. Smith RM, Gaston KJ, Warren PH, Thompson K (2005) Urban domestic gardens (V): relationships between landcover composition, housing and landscape. Landsc Ecol 20:235–253
39. StatBank Denmark (2013) Available from: URL: (http://statistikbanken.dk/). Retrieved March 6, 2013
40. Stone B (2004) Paving over paradise: how land use regulations promote residential imperviousness. Landsc Urban Plan 69:101–113
41. Stone B, Norman JM (2006) Land use planning and surface heat island formation: a parcel-based radiation flux approach. Atmos Environ 40:3561–3573
42. Talarchek GM (1990) The urban forest of New Orleans: an exploratory analysis of relationships. Urban Geogr 11:65–86
43. Tobler WR (1970) A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Econ Geogr 46:234–240
44. Tratalos J, Fuller RA, Warren PH, Davies RG, Gaston KJ (2007) Urban form, biodiversity potential and ecosystem services. Landsc Urban Plan 83:308–317
45. Troy AR, Grove JM, O’Neil-Dunne JPM, Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML (2007) Predicting opportunities for greening and patterns of vegetation on private urban lands. Environ Manag 40:394
46. van Heezik YM, Dickinson KJM, Freeman C (2012) Closing the gap: communicating to change gardening practices in support of native biodiversity in urban private gardens. Ecol Soc 17:34
47. van Heezik YM, Freeman C, Porter S, Dickinson KM (2013) Garden size, householder knowledge, and socio-economic status influence plant and bird diversity at the scale of individual gardens. Ecosystems 16:1442–1454
48. Verbeeck K, Van Orshoven J, Hermy M (2011) Measuring extent, location and change of imperviousness in urban domestic gardens in collective housing projects. Landsc Urban Plan 100:57–66
49. Whitford V, Ennos AR, Handley JF (2001) “City form and natural process”—indicators for the ecological performance of urban areas and their application to Merseyside, UK. Landsc Urban Plan 57:91–103
50. Zipperer W, Sisinni S, Pouyat R, Foresman T (1997) Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective. Urban Ecosyst 1:229–246