Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems

Landscape and Urban Planning

Volumn 48, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 131-142

  Savard, Jean Pierre L ^a   Clergeau, Philippe ^b   Mennechez, Gwenaelle ^b  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

Author keywords

Biodiversity concepts; Birds in cities; Urban ecosystems

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; NATURE CONSERVATION; URBAN PLANNING;

AVES;

EID: 0034193249     PISSN: 01692046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00037-2     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Adams, L.W., 1994. Urban Wildlife Habitats: A Landscape Perspective. University of Minnesota Press, Mineapolis, MN.
2. Allen, T.F.H., Starr, T.B., 1982. Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
3. Batten A.L. Breeding bird species diversity in relation to increasing urbanization. Bird Study. 19:1972;157-166.
4. Berger, J.J., 1988. Environmental Restoration: Science and Strategies for Restoring the Earth. Island Press, Washington DC.
5. Bond, W.J., 1993. Keystone species. In: Schulze, E.-D., Mooney, H.A. (Eds.), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Springer, New York, pp. 237-253.
6. Breault, A.M., McKelvey, R.W., 1991. Canada Geese in the Fraser Valley: A Problem Analysis. Technical Report Series No. 133, Canadian Wildlife Service, Pacific and Yukon Region.
7. Brown T., Dawson C., Miller R. Interest and attitudes of metropolitan New York residents about wildlife. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 44:1979;289-297.
8. Cade T.J., Bird D.M. Peregrine Falcons (Falco perigrinus) nesting in an urban environment: a review. Can. Field-Naturalist. 104:1990;209-218.
9. Cavareski C.A. Relation of park size and vegetation to urban bird populations in Seattle, Washington. Condor. 78:1976;375-382.
10. e cycle Institut des Sciences du comportement et de l'environnement. Université de Rennes I.
11. Clergeau P. Importance of multiple scale analysis for understanding distribution and for management of an agricultural bird pest. Landscape and Urban Planning. 31:1995;281-289.
12. Clergeau, P., 1998. Biodiversité dans les paysages urbains: des concepts aux applications. Penn ar Bed No. 165-166.
13. Clergeau P., Burel F. The role of spatio-temporal patch connectivity at the landscape level: an example in a bird distribution. Landscape and Urban Planning. 38:1997;37-43.
14. Clergeau P., Esterlingot D., Chaperon J., Lerat C. Difficultés de cohabitation entre l'homme et l'animal: le cas des concentrations d'oiseaux en site urbain. Natures-Sciences-Sociétés. 4:1996;102-115.
15. Clergeau P., Sauvage A., Lemoine A., Marchand J.P., Dubs F., Mennechez G. Les oiseaux dans la ville? Une étude pluridisciplinaire d'un même gradient urbain. Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. 74:1997;119-130.
16. Clergeau P., Savard J.-P.L., Mennechez G., Falardeau G. Bird abundance and diversity along an urban-rural gradient: a comparative study between two cities on different continents. Condor. 100:1998;413-425.
17. Conover, M.R., 1987. The urban-suburban Canada Goose: an example of short-sighted management? Proc. Eastern Wildl. Damage Cont. Conf. 3, 346.
18. Cooper, J.A., 1987. Canada Goose Management at the Minneapolis - St. Paul International Airport. In: Adams, L.W., Leedy, D.L. (Eds.), Wildlife Conservation in Metropolitan Environments. National Institute for Urban Wildlife, Ser. 2, Columbia, Maryland, pp. 175-184.
19. Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., Ferguson-Lees, I.J., Gillmor, R., Hollow, P.A.D., Hudson, R., Nicholson, E.M., Ogilvie, M.A., Olney, P.J.S., Voous, K.H., Wattell, J., 1977. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa Volume 1. Ostrich to ducks. Royal Society for the Protection of birds, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
20. Douglas, I., 1983. The Urban Environment. Arnold, London, UK.
21. Drasch G.A., Walser D., Kosters J. The urban pigeon (Columba livia, forma urbana). A biomonitor for the lead burden of the environment. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 9:1987;223-232.
22. Dunning J.R., Danielson J.B., Pulliam H.R. Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes. Oikos. 65:1992;159-175.
23. Emlen J.T. An urban bird community in Tucson, Arizona: derivation, structure, regulation. Condor. 76:1974;184-197.
24. Environment Canada, 1994. Biodiversity in Canada: A Science Assessment for Environment Canada. Environment Canada, Ottawa.
25. Flink, C.A., Seams, R.M., 1993. Greenways: A Guide to Planning, Design and Development. Island Press, Washington DC.
26. Gilbert, O.L., 1989. The Ecology of Urban Habitats. Chapman & Hall, New York, 369 pp.
27. Hammer T.R., Coughlin R., Horn R. The effect of a large urban park on real estate value. J. Am. Inst. Plan. 40:1974;274-277.
28. Hohtola E. Differential changes in bird community structure with urbanization: a study in Central Finland. Ornis Scandinavica. 9:1978;94-99.
29. Huhtalo H., Jarvinen O. Quantitative composition of the urban bird community in Tornio, Northern Finland. Bird Study. 24:1977;179-185.
30. Hunter Jr., M.L., 1990. Wildlife Forests and Forestry: Principles of Managing Forests for Biological Diversity. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
31. King, D.A., White, J.L., Shaw, W.W., 1991. Influence of urban wildlife habitats on the value of residential properties. In: Adams, L.W., Leedy, D.L. (Eds.), Wildlife Conservation in Metropolitan Environments. NIVP Symp. Ser. 2, Natl. Inst. Urban Wildl., Columbia, MD, pp. 165-169.
32. Lancaster R.K., Rees W.E. Bird communities and the structure of urban habitats. Can. J. Zool. 57:1979;2358-2368.
33. Laurence, A., Palmaerts, N., 1991. La ville côté jardin: refuges naturels. RNPB, Bruxelles, 48 pp.
34. Lautenschlager R.A. Biodiversity is dead. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25:1997;679-685.
35. Lemoine, A., Sauvage, A., 1996. Les oiseaux dans la ville: représentations et pratiques des habitants. In: Clergeau, P. (Ed.), Les relations hommes-oiseaux-habitats sur des gradients d'urbanisation: comparaison entre les villes de Rennes et de Québec. Report CNRS, Laboratoire d'Évolution des systémes naturels et modifés, Univ. de Rennes I, pp. 61-133.
36. Lucid, V.J., 1974. Bird utilization of habitat in residential areas. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 162 pp.
37. Luniak M. The development of bird communities in new housing estates in Warsaw. Memorabilia Zoologica. 49:1994;257-267.
38. McDonnell M.J., Pickett S.T.A. Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: an unexplored opportunity for ecology. Ecology. 71:1990;1232-1237.
39. McDonnell, M.J., Picket, S.P.A., Pouyat, R.V., 1993. The application of the ecological gradient paradigm to the study of urban effects. In: McDonnell, M.J., Pickett, S.T.A. (Eds.), Human as Components of Ecosystems. Springer, New York, pp. 175-189.
40. McNeely, J.A., Miller, K.R., Reid, W.V., Mittermeier, R.A., Werner, T.B.,1990. Conserving the world's biological diversity. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland; World Resources Institute, Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund-US and the World Bank, Washington, DC, 193 pp.
41. Michelson, W., 1970. Man and his Urban Environment, A Sociological Approach. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
42. Middleton, J., 1994. Effects of urbanization on biodiversity in Canada. In: Biodiversity in Canada: A Science Assessment for Environment Canada. Environment Canada, Ottawa, pp. 15-20.
43. Morneau F., Décarie R., Pelletier R., Lambert D., DesGranges J.-L., Savard J.-P.L. Changes in bird abundance and diversity in Montreal Parks over a period of 15 years. Landscape and Urban Planning. 44:1999;111-121.
44. Nelson H.K., Oetting R.B. An overview of management of Canada Geese and their recent urbanization. Proc. Int. Waterfowl Symp. 4:1981;128-133.
45. Noss R.F. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conserv. Biol. 4:1990;355-364.
46. Noss, R.F., 1992. Issues of scale in conservation biology. In: Fieldler, P.L., Jain, S.K. (Eds.), Conservation Biology: The Theory and Practice of Nature Conservation, Preservation and Management. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 240-241.
47. Noss, R.F., 1993. Wildlife corridors. In: Smith, D.S., Calwood Hellmund, P. (Eds.), Ecology of Greenways. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 43-68.
48. Nuorteva P. The synanthropy of birds as an expression of the ecological cycle disorder caused by urbanization. Ann. Zool. Fennica. 8:1971;547-553.
49. Oliphant L.W., Haug E. Population changes of Saskatoon Merlins. Raptor Res. 19:1985;56-59.
50. Penland, S., 1987. Attitudes of urban residents toward avian species and species' attributes. In: Adams, L.W., Leedy, D.L. (Eds.), Integratineg Man and Nature in the Metropolitan Environment. Proc. Natl. Symp. Urban Wildl., Chevy Chase, New York, pp. 77-82.
51. Rice K. Theory and conceptual issues. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 42:1992;9-26.
52. Rohde, C.L.E., Kendle, A.D., 1994. Human well-being, natural landscapes and wildlife in urban areas. A review. English Nature Science No. 22.
53. Salwasser H. Conserving biological diversity: a perspective on scope and approaches. For. Ecol. Manage. 35(1):1990;75-90.
54. Sasvari L. Bird abundance and species diversity in the parks and squares of Budapest. Folia Zoologica. 33:1984;249-262.
55. Savard, J.-P.L., 1978. Birds in metropolitan Toronto: distribution, relationships with habitat features and nesting sites. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Ont., 221 pp.
56. Savard, J.-P.L., 1994. General concepts related to biodiversity. Biodiversity in Canada: A Science Assessment for Environment Canada. Environment Canada, Ottawa, pp. 9-40.
57. Savard J.-P.L., Falls B.J. Influence of habitat structure on the nesting height of birds in urban areas. Can. J. Zool. 59:1982;924-932.
58. Sebba R. The landscapes of childhood: the reflection childhood's environment in adult memories and in children's attitudes. Environ. Behav. 23:1991;395-422.
59. Smith D.G., Gilbert R. Eastern Screech-Owl home range and use of suburban habitats in southern Connecticut. J. Field Ornith. 55:1984;322-329.
60. Tilghman N.G. Characteristics of urban woodland affecting breeding bird diversity and abundance. For. Ecol. Manage. 21:1987a;163-175.
61. Tilghman N.G. Characteristics of urban woodlands affecting breeding bird diversity and abundance. Landscape and Urban Planning. 14:1987;481-495.
62. UNEP, 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1140 pp.
63. Wackernagel, M., Rees, W., 1996. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. The New Catalyst Bioregional Series, New Society Publishers, 160 pp.
64. Weber, W.C., 1972. Birds in cities: a study of populations, foraging ecology and nest-sites of urban birds. M.Sc. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 269 pp.
65. West N.E. Biodiversity of rangelands. J. Range Manage. 46:1993;2-13.
66. Wiens J.A. Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct. Ecol. 3:1989;385-397.
67. Williamson, R.D., 1974. Birds in Washington DC. In: Noyes, J.H., Progulske, D.R. (Eds.), Wildlife in an Urbanizing Environment. Proceedings of a Symposium, Springfield, Mass. Cooperative Extension Serv., University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 7-9 November 1973.