The conservative party, patriotism, and British politics: The case of the general election of 1900

Journal of British Studies

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 107-145

  Readman, Paul ^a  

^a CHRIST S COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84949115202     PISSN: 00219371     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/386236     Document Type: Article

References (200)

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46. Shannon, Salisbury, pp. 512-13.
47. East London Observer (29 September 1900), p. 5.
48. Paul A. Readman, "Patriotism and the General Election of 1900 in Britain" (M.Phil, diss., Cambridge University, 1998), p. 98.
49. Cambridge Daily News (27 September 1900), p. 3.
50. Liberal Magazine 8 (November1900): ii.
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52. Liberal Magazine 8 (November 1900): iv.
53. F. L. Cook (Lambeth, Kennington),EA, pp. 161, 71.
54. Address of R. Ropner (Stockton-on-Tees), EA, p. 206.
55. Conservative Party, "Pamphlets and Leaflets," Archives of BritishConservative Party, ser. 2.
56. "A Radical Boer at the Bar" (NationalUnion Pamphlet no. 105, September 1900)
57. Radical Advice to the Enemy" (NationalUnion Pamphlet no. 106, September 1900)
58. Radical Correspondence with the Enemy"(National Union Pamphlet no. 107, September 1900)
59. Radical M.P.s Advising theEnemy" (National Union Pamphlet no. 123, September 1900).
60. Conservative Party, "Pamphlets and Leaflets";
61. "Radical Enemies of theirCountry" (National Union Pamphlet no. 109, September 1900).
62. Liberal Magazine 8 (November 1900): 516.
63. Conservative Party,"Pamphlets and Leaflets,"
64. "The Transvaal War: The Attitude of the DisloyalNationalists since the Outbreak of War" (National Union Pamphlet no. 110, August1900);
65. British Members Side with the Transvaal," in C. Moore, comp., "Newspaper[and other] Cuttings: Brightside Elections of 1900, 1906, 1910," 3 vols. (scrapbooks heldin Sheffield Central Library), 1:44.
66. W. C. Smith (SouthAberdeen), Daily Free Press (22 September 1900), p. 6.
67. Speech of J. Hozier (Lanarkshire, Southern), Scotsman (25 September 1900), p. 7.
68. Andrew S. Thompson, " 'Thinking Imperially'? Imperial Pressure Groups andthe Idea of Empire in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain" (D. Phil, diss., OxfordUniversity, 1994), pp. 138-40, 348-49
69. The Language of Imperialism and theMeanings of Empire: Imperial Discourse in British Politics, 1895-1914," Journal of BritishStudies 36, no. 2 (1997): 147-77.
70. R. Williams (Aberdeen, North), Daily Free Press(27 September 1900), p. 6;
71. C. Hay (Shoreditch, Hoxton), Mercury (29 September 1900),p. 3;
72. Sir C. Dalrymple and J. F. P. Rawlinson (Ipswich), Suffolk Chronicle (5 October1900), p. 5.
73. Addresses of W. E. Hume-Williams (Somerset, Frome), EA, p. 274;
74. N. Agnew(Edinburgh, South), Scotsman (21 September 1900), p. 6.43 Speech of A. N. Agnew (Edinburgh, South), Scotsman, p. 6.
75. Address of H. Eyre (Nottinghamshire, Mansfield), EA, p. 271.
76. Address of J. W. Logan (Leicestershire, Harborough), EA, p. 255.46 The Times (2 October 1900), p. 6.
77. Address of J. Sherburn (Gateshead), EA, p. 171.
78. Address of Balfour, The Times (25 September 1900), p. 9.
79. Speech of A. Conan Doyle, Scotsman (26 September 1900), p. 10.
80. The Times (27 September 1900), p. 10.
81. Speaker in support of H. L. B. McCalmont (Cambridgeshire, Newmarket), CambridgeDaily News (5 October 1900), p. 2.
82. Jon Lawrence, "Class and Gender in the Making of Urban Toryism, 1880-1914,"English Historical Review 108, no. 3 (1993): 642-44.
83. "Politics in Poster," Sphere (6 October1900), p. 5;
84. Tony Mason, Association Football and English Society, 1863-1915(Brighton, 1980), plate facing p. 118.
85. The Times (5 October 1900), p. 9.
86. Daily Chronicle (26 September 1900), p. 6.
87. The Times (8 October 1900), p. 8.
88. Moore, "Cuttings," 1:11.
89. Cambridge Daily News (24 September 1900), p. 3, (26 September 1900), p. 3, and(2 October 1900), p. 3.
90. Speech of C. W. Gray (Essex, Saffron Walden), Cambridge Daily News (3 October1900), p. 4, and the description of meeting in support of R. Greene (Cambridgeshire,Chesterton) Cambridge Daily News (4 October 1900), p. 3.
91. Speeches of Sir M. M. Bhownaggree (Bethnal Green, North-East), The Times (1October 1900), p. 9;
92. E. G. Pretyman (Suffolk, Woodbridge), Ipswich Journal (29 September1900), p. 7.
93. Addresses of W. C. Smith, Daily Free Press (22 September 1900), p. 6;
94. JohnMoffat (Elgin District of Burghs), Daily Free Press (6 October 1900), p. 7.
95. Blackburn Weekly Telegraph (13 October 1900), p. 5.
96. Morning Post (22 September 1900), p. 4.
97. Speaker in support of Sir John Llewelyn (Swansea), South Wales Daily Post (25September 1900), p. 4.
98. Speech of Sir Lewis Mclver (Edinburgh, West), Scotsman (25 September 1900),p. 6.
99. W. K." in Scotsman (29 September 1900), p. 12.
100. Ipswich Journal (29 September 1900), p. 5.
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102. James Cornford, "The Transformation of Conservatism in the Late NineteenthCentury," Victorian Studies 7 (September 1963): 35-66;
103. Peter Clarke, "The ElectoralSociology of Modern Britain," History 57, no. 1 (1972): 31-55;
104. Paul Thompson, "Liberals,Radicals and Labour in London, 1880-1900," Past and Present, no. 27 (April 1964):73-101.
105. Socialists, Liberals and Labour: The Struggle for London, 1885-1914 (Toronto,1967), p. 295;
106. Blewett, Peers, pp. 3-23.
107. Green, The Crisisof Conservatism: The Politics, Economics and Ideology of the British Conservative Party,1880-1914 (London, 1995), esp. pp. 101-3, 122;
108. Cornford, "Transformation,"pp. 58-60, 66).
109. Moisei Ostrogorski, Democracy andthe Organization of Political Parties, 2 vols. (London, 1902).
110. Khaki' Election," p. 350.
111. Marsh, Discipline;
112. E. H. H. Green, "Radical Conservatism: The ElectoralGenesis of Tariff Reform," Historical Journal 28 (September 1985): 667-92, and Crisis,esp. pp. 125-28;
113. Shannon, Salisbury.
114. Jon Lawrence and Miles Taylor, "Introduction: Electoral Sociology and the Historians,"in Party, State and Society: Electoral Behaviour in Britain since 1820, ed. J.Lawrence and M. Taylor (Aldershot, 1997), pp. 16-18.
115. Jon Lawrence, "Party Politics and the People: Continuity and Change in the Political History of Wolverhampton, 1815-1914" (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge University, 1989),p. 77.
116. Speaking for the People: Party, Language and Popular Politics in England,1867-1914 (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 108-10.
117. J. A. Spender, "The Patriotic Election-and After," Contemporary Review 78(November 1900): 746-47.
118. South Wales Daily Post (22 September 1900), p. 4.
119. A. S. T. Griffith-Boscawen, Fourteen Years in Parliament (London, 1907), p. 164.
120. J. F. Hope, A History of the 1900 Parliament, 1900-1901 (London, 1908), pp. 5-6.
121. Price, Imperial War, p. 105.
122. M. D. Blanch, "Nation, Empire and the Birmingham Working Class, 1899-1914"(Ph.D. diss., Birmingham University, 1975), p. 125.
123. Kenneth D. Wald, Crosses on the Ballot: Patterns of British Voter Alignment since1885 (Princeton, NX, 1983), p. 209.
124. Wemyss Reid, "The Newspapers," Nineteenth Century 48 (November 1900):850;
125. Spectator (29 September 1900), p. 396;
126. Manchester Guardian (19 September 1900),pp. 6-7.
127. Enstam, " 'Khaki' Election," esp. pp. 349-50;
128. Price, Imperial War, pp. 98-99.
129. D. A. Hamer, Liberal Politics in the Age of Gladstone and Rosebery (Oxford,1972).
130. Blewett, Peers, p. 22.
131. J. D. Baxendale, "The Development of the Liberal Party in England, withSpecial Reference to the North West, 1886-1900" (D. Phil, diss., Oxford University,1971-72), p. 55.
132. Fortnightly Review 63 (June 1898): 910-13.
133. Peter Clarke, Lancashire and the New Liberalism (Cambridge, 1971), p. 128.
134. Peter Gordon, ed., The Red Earl: The Papers of the Fifth Earl Spencer, 1835-1910, vol. 2, 1885-1910 (Northampton, 1986), pp. 281, 282.
135. Baxendale, "Liberal Party," p. 55.
136. Liberal Agent 3 (April 1901), p. 7.
137. T. O. Lloyd, ' 'The Whip as Paymaster: Herbert Gladstone and Party Organization,"English Historical Review 89, no. 4 (1974): 813.
138. Cambridge Express (29 September 1900), p. 5.
139. The Times (22 September 1900), p. 11.
140. The Times (28 September 1900), p. 8.
141. Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections, 1885-1910 (London,1967), p. 40.
142. Enstam, "'Khaki' Election," p. 101.
143. Gloria Clifton, "Members and Officers of the LCC, 1889-1965," in Politics andthe People of London: The London County Council, 1889-1965, ed. Andrew Saint (London,1989), p. 398
144. Enstam (" 'Khaki' Election," p. 177).
145. Moore, "Cuttings," 1:34.
146. Labour Leader (3 November 1900), p. 348.
147. Price, Imperial War, pp. 3-4, 46-49.
148. John Davis, "Radical Clubs and London Politics," in Metropolis London: Historiesand Representations since 1800, ed. David Feldman and Gareth Stedman Jones (London, 1989), p. 126;
149. Lawrence, "Party Politics and the People," pp. 78-79.
150. Davis, "Radical Clubs," pp. 113, 126;
151. Gareth Stedman Jones, "Working-ClassCulture and Working-Class Politics in London, 1870-1900: Notes on the Remaking ofa Working Class," Journal of Social History 7, no. 4 (1974): 480.
152. Club Life (6 October 1900), p. 4.
153. Club Life (13 October 1900), p. 6.
154. Henry Pelling, Popular Politics and Society in Late Victorian Britain (London,1968), p. 99.
155. Justice (3 November 1900), p. 4.
156. Blewett, Peers, pp. 19-20.
157. Paul Thompson, The Edwardians (London, 1975), p. 241.
158. Blewett, Peers, p. 19;
159. Victor Kiernan, "Working Class and Nation in Nineteenth-Century Britain," inRebels and Their Causes: Essays in Honour of A. L. Morton, ed. Maurice Cornforth(London, 1978), p. 132.
160. Price, Imperial War, pp. 72-74, 237-41;
161. Fest, "Jingoism and Xenophobia,"pp. 172-75;
162. Patrick Joyce, Work, Society and Politics: The Culture of the Factoryin Later Victorian England (London, 1980), p. 301;
163. Joanna Bourke, Working-Class Culturesin Britain, 1890-1960: Gender, Class and Ethnicity (London, 1994), p. 211;
164. Grainger, Patriotisms, p. 150.
165. Pelling, Social Geography, p. 268.
166. Willis, Peace and Dripping Toast (London, 1950), pp. 71, 73.
167. Cunningham, "Conservative Party and Patriotism," p. 298.
168. Lord Milner, The Nation and the Empire (London,1913), p. 298.
169. Willis, Peace and Dripping Toast, p. 134.
170. V. W. Garrat, A Man in the Street (London, 1939), p. 64.
171. Walter Southgate, That's the Way It Was (Oxford, 1982), pp. 32-33.
172. M. D. Blanch, "British Society and the War," in The South African War: The Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902, ed. Peter Warwick (Harlow, 1980), pp. 239-57.
173. Blewett, Peers, p. 496.
174. Price, Imperial War, p. 108.
175. For the details of the results in these seats, see F. W. S. Craig, British GeneralElection Results, 1885-1918 (London, 1974), pp. 6, 88, 156, 184, 244, 246.
176. Price, Imperial War, p. 110.
177. John W. Auld, "The Liberal Pro-Boers," Journal of BritishStudies 14, no. 2 (1975): 93.
178. W. E. Evans-Gordon (Tower Hamlets, Stepney) andJames F. Hope (Sheffield, Brightside), EA, pp. 85-86, 203.
179. Address of W. S. Robson, EA, p. 204.
180. National Liberal Federation, Proceedings in Connection with theTwenty-Second Annual Meeting of the Federation Held in Nottingham, March 26th, 27th,28th, and 29th, 1900 (London, 1900), p. 35.
181. Jacobsen, "Rosebery and Liberal Imperialism 1899-1903," Journal of British Studies 13, no. 1 (1973): 86-87.
182. Pelling, Social Geography, p. 382.
183. Kenneth O. Morgan, Wales in British Politics, 1868-1922 (Cardiff, 1963),pp. 178-80
184. Henry Pelling, " Welsh HistoryReview (Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru) 4, no. 4 (1969): 367-80.
185. "Peace Movements inWales," Welsh History Review (Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru) 10, no. 3 (1981): 402-3.
186. Henry Pelling, "Wales and the Boer War," Welsh History Review (CylchgrawnHanes Cymru) 4, no. 4 (1969): 363-65.
187. Parliamentary Debates, 4th ser.,1899, 77:157-60.
188. Parliamentary Debates, 4th ser. 1899, 77:367-72).
189. Feuchtwanger, Democracy, p. 240.
190. Daily Mail (6 October 1900), p. 4.
191. Feuchtwanger, Democracy, p. 239.
192. Price, Imperial War, p. 106, n. 33.
193. Price, Imperial War, p. 106, n. 33.
194. Leicester Daily Post (22 September 1900), p. 5.
195. For these lists see The Times (25 September 1900), p. 8, (29 September 1900),p. 10, and (2 October 1900), p. 8.
196. Price, J. W. Auld has produced a list of 45 pro-Boer M.P.s. ("Pro-Boers," pp. 100-101).
197. S. C. Cronwright-Schreiner, The Land of Free Speech(London, 1906), pp. 11-12;
198. Henry Broadhurst and W. Hazell (Leicester), EA,pp. 181-82.
199. T. Boyle, "The Liberal Imperialists,"Bulletin of the Institute for Historical Research 52 (May 1979): 70 ff.
200. However, not onlydoes Boyle's list exclude those Liberal Imperialist candidates who never became M.P. sit also includes such doubtfuls as J. E. Whitley (Halifax) and J. W. Benn (Southwark,Bermondsey).