Middle and Long-Term Impact of a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiometabolic Factors: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional, Clinical Study

High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 389-394

  Cicero, Arrigo F G ^a   Benelli, Maddalena ^b   Brancaleoni, Marco ^c   Dainelli, Giuseppe ^c   Merlini, Desiré ^c   Negri, Raffaele ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b Santa Chiara Foundation   (Italy)

^c National Public Health System   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk factors; General practice; Ketogenic diet; Safety

Indexed keywords

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; LIPID; PROTEIN INTAKE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BODY FAT; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; KETOGENIC DIET; LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OBESITY; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VERY LOW CARBOHYDRATE KETOGENIC DIET; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET THERAPY; GENERAL PRACTICE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; ITALY; LOW FAT DIET; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN INTAKE; TIME FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

ADIPOSITY; ADULT; BIOMARKERS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIET, CARBOHYDRATE-RESTRICTED; DIET, FAT-RESTRICTED; DIETARY PROTEINS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMANS; ITALY; KETOGENIC DIET; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84948957617     PISSN: 11209879     EISSN: 11791985     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-015-0096-1     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384:766–81.
2. Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, Layden J, Carnes BA, Brody J, Hayflick L, Butler RN, Allison DB, Ludwig DS. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1138–45.
3. Koh-Banerjee P, Wang Y, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Changes in body weight and body fat distribution as risk factors for clinical diabetes in US men. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:1150–9.
4. Cicero AF, Rosticci M, D’Addato S, Baronio C, Grossi G, Grandi E, Borghi C. Population health needs assessment and healthcare services use in a 3 years follow-up on administrative and clinical data: results from the Brisighella Heart Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2014;21(1):45–51.
5. Finkelstein EA, Ruhm CJ, Kosa KM. Economic causes and consequences of obesity. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:239–57.
6. Bellisle F. Infrequently asked questions about the Mediterranean diet. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:1644–7.
7. Johnstone AM, Horgan GW, Murison SD, Bremner DM, Lobley GE. Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:44–55.
8. Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA, Lodi A, Bosco G. Long term successful weight loss with a combination biphasic ketogenic Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean diet maintenance protocol. Nutrients. 2013;5:5205–17.
9. Schugar RC, Crawford PA. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15:374–80.
10. Paoli A, Rubini A, Volek JS, Grimaldi KA. Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67:789–96.
11. Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, da Rocha Ataide T. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2013;110:1178–87.
12. Paoli A. Ketogenic diet for obesity: friend or foe? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11:2092–107.
13. Hoffer LJ, Bistrian BR, Young VR, Blackburn GL, Matthews DE. Metabolic effects of very low calorie weight reduction diets. J Clin Invest. 1984;73:750–8.
14. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1769–818.
15. The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity society. AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;2014(63):2985–3023.
16. Cicero AF, Rosticci M, Reggi A, Derosa G, Parini A, Grandi E, D’Addato S, Borghi C. Relationship between serum uric acid and electrocardiographic alterations in a large sample of general population: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2014 (Epub ahead of print) PubMed PMID:25512187.
17. Clifton PM, Bastiaans K, Keogh JB. High protein diets decrease total and abdominal fat and improve CVD risk profile in overweight and obese men and women with elevated triacylglycerol. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19:548–54.
18. Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, Yancy WS Jr, Nunes JP. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev. 2012;13:1048–66.
19. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Long-term effects of low-fat diets either low or high in protein on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2013;12:48.
20. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Long-term effects of low glycemic index/load vs. high glycemic index/load diets on parameters of obesity and obesity-associated risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23:699–706.
21. Moreno B, Bellido D, Sajoux I, Goday A, Saavedra D, Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF. Comparison of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet with a standard low-caloriediet in the treatment of obesity. Endocrine. 2014;47:793–805.
22. Cotter DG, Schugar RC, Crawford PA. Ketone body metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304:H1060–76.
23. Bravata DM, Sanders L, Huang J, Krumholz HM, Olkin I, Gardner CD, Bravata DM. Efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003;289:1837–50.
24. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, Szapary PO, Rader DJ, Edman JS, Klein S. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2082–90.