A review of the IPCC Fifth Assessment and implications for tourism sector climate resilience and decarbonization

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 8-30

  Scott, Daniel ^a,b   Hall, C Michael ^c   Gössling, Stefan ^b,d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b WESTERN NORWAY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

^d LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^e LINNAEUS UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

adaptation; climate change; development; emissions; impacts; mitigation

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOTOURISM; EMISSION CONTROL; INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE; MITIGATION; TOURIST DESTINATION;

EID: 84948588302     PISSN: 09669582     EISSN: 17477646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1062021     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. B.Amelung,, A.Moreno,, & D.Scott, (2008). The place of tourism in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: A review. Tourism Review International, 12(1), 5–12.
2. D.J.Arent,, R.Tol,, E.Faust,, J.Hella,, S.Kumar,, K.Strzepek,, … D.Yan, (2014). Key economic sectors and services. In C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects (pp. 659–708). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. S.Becken, (2007). Tourists' perception of international air travel's impact on the global climate and potential climate change policies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29, 695–705.
4. S.Becken, (2013). A review of tourism and climate change as an evolving knowledge domain. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, 53–62.
5. S.Becken,, & J.Hay, (2012). Tourism and climate change mitigation and adaptation: From policy to practice. London: Earthscan.
6. M.Boko,, I.Niang,, A.Nyong,, C.Vogel,, A.Githeko,, M.Medany,, … C.E.Hanson, (eds) (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (pp. 433–467). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Carbon Disclosure Project (2013). Use of internal carbon price by companies as incentive and strategic planning tool. Retrieved 15 March 2015 from https://www.cdp.net/CDPResults/companies-carbon-pricing-2013.pdf.
8. Center for Climate & Security (2014). Secretary Hagel on climate change affecting the security environment, October 12, 2014, Retrieved 30 March 2015 from http://climateandsecurity.org/2014/10/12/secretary-hagel-on-climate-change-affecting-the-security-environment/.
9. Ceres (2011). Physical risks from climate change: A guide for companies and investors on disclosure and management of climate impacts. Boston: Author. Retrieved 28 October 2013 from http://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/physical-risks-from-climate-change.
10. Climate Disclosure Standards Board (2012). Fiduciary duty and climate change disclosure. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://www.ethosfund.ch/upload/publication/p516e_140925__Statement_on_Fiduciary_Duty_and_Climate_Change_Disclosure.pdf.
11. B.I.Cook,, T.Ault,, & J.Smerdon, (2015). Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains, Science Advances, 1(1), e1400082.
12. COP (2011). FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1: Report of the Conference of the Parties (COP) on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Addendum. Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth session. Geneva, Switzerland: UN Office.
13. A.Dai, (2011). Drought under global warming: A review. WIREs Climatic Change, 2, 45–65.
14. C.M.Domingues,, J.Church,, N.White,, P.Gleckler,, S.Wijffels,, P.M.Barker,, & J.Dunn, (2008). Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature, 453(7198), 1090–1093.
15. P.J.Durack,, P.J.Gleckler,, F.W.Landerer,, & K.E.Taylor, (2014). Quantifying underestimates of long-term upper-ocean warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 999–1005.
16. P.Durack,, S.Wijffels,, & R.Matear, (2012). Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000. Science, 336(6080), 455–58.
17. M.Fischedick, J.Roy,, A.Abdel-Aziz, A.Acquaye,, J.Allwood,, J.Ceron,, … K.Tanaka, (2014). Industry. In O.Edenhofer, R.Pichs-Madruga, Y.Sokona, E.Farahani, S.Kadner, K.Seyboth, … J.Minx (Eds.). Climate change 2014: Mitigation of climate change (pp. 739–810). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. 2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets. Nature Geoscience, 7(10), 709–715.
19. T.Friedrich,, A.Timmermann,, A.Abe-Ouchi,, N.Bates,, M.Chikamoto,, M.Church,, … J.Santana-Casiano, (2012). Detecting regional anthropogenic trends in ocean acidification against natural variability. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 167–171.
20. S.Gössling, (2010). Carbon management: Mitigating tourism's contribution to climate change. London: Routledge.
21. S.Gössling,, D.Scott,, & C.M.Hall, (2009). The challenges of tourism as a development strategy in an era of global climate change. In Rethinking Development in a Carbon-Constrained World (pp. 100–119). Helsinki: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
22. S.Gössling,, D.Scott,, & C.M.Hall, (2012). Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 36–58.
23. S.Gössling,, D.Scott,, & C.M.Hall, (2013). Challenges of tourism in a low-carbon economy. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews – Climate Change, 4(6), 525–538.
24. S.Gössling,, C.M.Hall,, & D.Scott, (2015). Tourism and water. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
25. C.M.Hall, (2008). Tourism and climate change: Knowledge gaps and issues. Tourism Recreation Research, 33, 339–350.
26. C.M.Hall, (2010). Crisis events in tourism: subjects of crisis in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13, 401–417.
27. C.M.Hall,, B.Amelung,, S.Cohen,, E.Eijgelaar,, S.Gössling,, J.Higham,, … D.Scott, (2015a). On climate change skepticism and denial in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 4–25.
28. C.M.Hall,, B.Amelung,, S.Cohen,, E.Eijgelaar,, S.Gössling,, J.Higham,, … D.Weaver, (2015b). Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research. Tourism Management, 47, 352–356.
29. J.Hamilton, (2007). Coastal landscape and the hedonic price of accommodation. Ecological Economics, 62, 594–602.
30. J.Hansen,, M.Sato,, & R.Ruedy, (2012). Perception of climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(37), E2415–E2423.
31. B.Hönisch,, A.Ridgwell,, D.Schmidt,, E.Thomas,, S.Gibbs,, A.Sluijs,, … B.Williams, (2012). The geological record of ocean acidification. Science, 335(6072), 1058–1063.
32. B.P.Horton,, S.Rahmstorf,, S.Engelhart,, & A.Kemp, (2014). Expert assessment of sea-level rise by AD 2100 and AD 2300. Quaternary Science Reviews, 84, 1–6.
33. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (2009). Aviation and climate change pathway to carbon-neutral growth in 2020. Geneva: Author.
34. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (2010). Climate change action plan 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012 from www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/action-plan.aspx.
35. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (2013). Overview – market based measures. Retrieved 15 March 2015 from http://www.icao.int/Meetings/GLADs-2015/Documents/ENV_Report_MBMs_2013.pdf.
36. International Energy Agency (IEA) (2013). Redrawing the energy climate map. Paris: Author.
37. International Energy Agency (IEA) (2015). Global energy-related emissions of carbon dioxide stalled in 2014. Preliminary IEA data point to emissions decoupling from economic growth for the first time in 40 years. Press Releases & News, 13 March. Retrieved 30 March 2015 from http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/news/2015/march/global-energy-related-emissions-of-carbon-dioxide-stalled-in-2014.html.
38. IPCC (2004). Why the IPCC was created. Retrieved 15 March 2015 from http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ipcc-faq/ipcc-introduction-en.pdf.
39. IPCC (2011). IPCC special report on renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation. O.Edenhofer, R.Pichs-Madruga, Y.Sokona, K.Seyboth, P.Matschoss, S.Kadner, T.Zwickel, P.Eickemeier, G.Hansen, S.Schlömer, C.von Stechow (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. IPCC (2013). Summary for Policymakers. In T.F.Stocker, D.Qin, G.-K.Plattner, M.Tignor, S.Allen, J.Boschung, … P.Midgley (Eds.), Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41. IPCC (2014a). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups 1, 2, and 3 to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. R.K.Pachauri & L.A.Meyer (Eds.). Geneva: Author.
42. IPCC (2014b). Climate change 2014 – synthesis report summary for policymakers. Geneva: Author.
43. IPCC (2014c). Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. part A: Global and sectoral aspects. C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White, (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. IPCC (2014d). Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects. C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. IPCC (2014e). Climate change 2014: Mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group 3 to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. O.Edenhofer, R.Pichs-Madruga, Y.Sokona, E.Farahani, S.Kadner, K., Seyboth, … J.Minx (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. R.Klein,., G.Midgley,, B.Preston,, M.Alam,, F.Berkhout,, K.Dow,, & M.Shaw, (2014). Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits. In C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects (pp. 899–943). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. T.Knutson,, F.Zeng,, & A.T.Wittenberg, (2014). Multimodel assessment of extreme annual-mean warm anomalies during 2013 over regions of Australia and the western tropical Pacific. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(9), S26–S30.
48. R.S.Kovats,, R.Valentini,, L.Bouwer,, E.Georgopoulou,, D.Jacob,, E.Martin,, … J.-F.Soussana, (2014). Europe. In C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects (pp. 1267–1326). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
49. H.Lemelin,, J.Dawson,, E.J.Stewart,, P.Maher,, & M.Lueck, (2010). Last-chance tourism: The boom, doom, and gloom of visiting vanishing destinations. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 477–493.
50. S.Lewis,, & D.Karoly, (2014). The role of anthropogenic forcing in the record 2013 Australia-wide annual and spring temperatures. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(9), S31–S34.
51. W.Maslowski,, J.Clement Kinney,, M.Higgins,, & A.Roberts, (2012). The future of Arctic sea ice. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40, 625–654.
52. M.Meinshausen,, N.Meinshausen,, W.Hare,, S.C.Raper,, K.Frieler,, R.Knutti,, … M.R.Allen, (2009). Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 C. Nature, 458(7242), 1158–1162.
53. Mercer (2011). Climate change scenarios – implications for strategic asset allocation. London: Mercer. Retrieved 28 October 2013 from http://www.mercer.AQ8com/articles/1406410.
54. D.Michel,, & A.Pandya, (2009). Troubled waters: Climate change, hydropolitics and transboundary resources. Washington, DC: Henry L. Stimson Center.
55. National Snow and Ice Data Center (2014). September 2014 compared to previous years. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/.
56. M.New,, D.Liverman,, H.Schroder,, & K.Anderson, (2011). Four degrees and beyond: The potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1934), 6–19.
57. NOAA (2015). Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/history.html.
58. L.A.Nurse,, R.McLean,, J.Agard,, L.Briguglio,, V.Duvat-Magnan,, N.Pelesikoti,, … A.Webb, (2014). Small islands. In V.Barros, C.Field, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects (pp. 1613–1654). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. 2 emissions 2014 report. The Hague: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
60. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) (2011). Sustainable tourism development and climate change: Issues and policies. Paris: Author.
61. F.S.Paolo,, H.Fricker,, & L.Padman, (2015). Ice sheets: Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating. Science, Published Online March 26, doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0940
62. A.Reisinger,, R.Kitching,, F.Chiew,, L.Hughes,, P.Newton,, S.Schuster,, … P.Whetton, (2014). Australasia. In C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … & L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects (pp. 1371–1438). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. D.Scott, (2011). Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 17–34.
64. D.Scott,, B.Amelung,, S.Becken,, J.-P.Ceron,, G.Dubois,, S.Gössling,,.. M.Simpson, (2008). Technical report. In Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges (pp. 23–250). Madrid: UNWTO.
65. D.Scott,, & S.Becken, (2010). Adapting to climate change and climate policy: Progress, problems and potentials. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 283–295.
66. D.Scott,, & S.Gössling, (2015a). Scenarios and forecasts in tourism. In C.M.Hall, S.Gössling, & D.Scott (Eds). Handbook of tourism and sustainability (pp. 305–319). London: Routledge.
67. D.Scott,, & S.Gössling, (2015b, forthcoming). What could the next 40 years hold for global tourism? Tourism Recreation Research.
68. D.Scott,, S.Gössling,, & C.M.Hall, (2012a). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews – Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232.
69. D.Scott,, S.Gössling,, & C.M.Hall, (2012b). Climate change and tourism: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation. London: Routledge.
70. D.Scott, R.Sim,, & M.Simpson, (2012c). Sea level rise impacts on coastal resorts in the Caribbean. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(6). 883–898.
71. D.Scott,, G.Wall,, & G.McBoyle, (2005). The evolution of the climate change issue in the tourism sector. In C.M.Hall & J.Higham (eds), Tourism, recreation and climate change (pp. 44–60). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
72. Y.-P.Su,, & C.M.Hall, (2014). Climate change and tourism in Asia: a review, In L.Ruhanen (ed.), Responding to climate change: Tourism initiatives in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 27–40). Madrid: UNWTO.
73. 2 roadmap. Sustainable Aviation, UK. Retrieved 23 May 2014 from http://www.sustainableaviation.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sa-road-map-final-dec-08.pdf.
74. UNEP (2014). Financial institutions taking action on climate change. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/FinancialInstitutionsTakingActionOnClimateChange.pdf.
75. UN Water (2014). Water and energy: The United Nations world water development report 2014. New York, NY: United Nations.
76. UNWTO (2007). From Davos to Bali: A tourism contribution to the challenge of climate change. Retrieved 30 March 2015 from http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/ccbrochdavbalmembbg.pdf.
77. UNWTO, UNEP, & WMO (2008). Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges. Madrid: UNWTO.
78. US Department of Defense (2014). Climate change adaptation roadmap. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/download/CCA-Rprint.pdf.
79. M.Van Huijgevoort,, H.Van Lanen,, A.Teuling,, & R.Uijlenhoet, (2014). Identification of changes in hydrological drought characteristics from a multi-GCM driven ensemble constrained by observed discharge. Journal of Hydrology, 512, 421–434.
80. D.Weaver, (2011). Can sustainable tourism survive climate change? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 5–15.
81. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2009). Towards a low carbon travel and tourism sector. Davos: Author.
82. WMO (2015). Warming trend continues in 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2015 from http://www.wmo.int/media/content/warming-trend-continues-2014.
83. P.P.Wong,, I.Losada,, J.Gattuso,, J.Hinkel,, A.Khattabi,, K.McInnes,, … A.Sallenger, (2014). Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In C.B.Field, V.Barros, D.Dokken, K.Mach, M.Mastrandrea, T.Bilir, … L.White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects (pp. 361–409). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
84. World Bank (2013). Turn down the heat: Climate extremes, regional impacts, and the case for resilience. Washington, DC: Author.
85. World Bank (2014). 73 countries and over 1,000 businesses speak out in support of a price on carbon. Retrieved 30 March 2015 from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/09/22/governments-businesses-support-carbon-pricing.
86. WTTC (2009). Leading the challenge on climate change. London: Author.
87. WTTC (2010). Climate change – a joint approach to addressing the challenge. London: Author.
88. H.Zeppel,, & N.Beaumont, (2011). Climate change and Australian tourism: A research bibliography. Australian Centre for Sustainable Business and Development, University of Southern Queensland. Working Paper No. 1.