메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 1029-1064

Overview of Data Concerning the Safe Use of Antihyperglycemic Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Author keywords

Antidiabetic agents; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetic nephropathy; Guidelines; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE RECEPTOR AGONIST; INSULIN DERIVATIVE; LIRAGLUTIDE; MEGLITINIDE; METFORMIN; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; GLUCAGON RECEPTOR; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2;

EID: 84948577375     PISSN: 0741238X     EISSN: 18658652     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0261-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (180)
  • 1
    • 84948575806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas, 6th ed; 2014. Accessed 20 April 15
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas, 6th ed; 2014. http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf. Accessed 20 April 15.
  • 2
    • 84859729197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients in France: prevalence, influence of glycaemic control and implications for the pharmacological management of diabetes
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38vgsFymtQ%3D%3D, PID: 22252014
    • Detournay B, Simon D, Guillausseau PJ, Joly D, Verges B, Attali C, et al. Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients in France: prevalence, influence of glycaemic control and implications for the pharmacological management of diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2012;38:102–12.
    • (2012) Diabetes Metab , vol.38 , pp. 102-112
    • Detournay, B.1    Simon, D.2    Guillausseau, P.J.3    Joly, D.4    Verges, B.5    Attali, C.6
  • 3
    • 84948567551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Diabetes. Fact sheet 312; 2013. Accessed 28 Oct 14
    • World Health Organization. Diabetes. Fact sheet 312; 2013. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/. Accessed 28 Oct 14.
  • 4
    • 84865059115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease in the type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and associated variables in a random sample of 2642 patients of a Mediterranean area
    • PID: 22905926
    • Coll-de-Tuero G, Mata-Cases M, Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Pepió JM, Roura P, Benito B, et al. Chronic kidney disease in the type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and associated variables in a random sample of 2642 patients of a Mediterranean area. BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:87.
    • (2012) BMC Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 87
    • Coll-de-Tuero, G.1    Mata-Cases, M.2    Rodriguez-Poncelas, A.3    Pepió, J.M.4    Roura, P.5    Benito, B.6
  • 7
    • 33947407755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the prevalence, monitoring and management of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes in general practice
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s7os12itA%3D%3D, PID: 17335468
    • New JP, Middleton RJ, Klebe B, Farmer CK, de Lusignan S, Stevens PE, et al. Assessing the prevalence, monitoring and management of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes in general practice. Diabet Med. 2007;24:364–9.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 364-369
    • New, J.P.1    Middleton, R.J.2    Klebe, B.3    Farmer, C.K.4    de Lusignan, S.5    Stevens, P.E.6
  • 8
    • 74549133127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic medication use and prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States
    • PID: 20110005
    • Koro CE, Lee BH, Bowlin SJ. Antidiabetic medication use and prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States. Clin Ther. 2009;31:2608–17.
    • (2009) Clin Ther , vol.31 , pp. 2608-2617
    • Koro, C.E.1    Lee, B.H.2    Bowlin, S.J.3
  • 9
    • 67650090462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-sectional survey of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients at four urban diabetes clinics
    • PID: 19293538
    • Watanabe Y, Fujii H, Aoki K, Kanazawa Y, Miyakawa T. A cross-sectional survey of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients at four urban diabetes clinics. Intern Med. 2009;48:411–4.
    • (2009) Intern Med , vol.48 , pp. 411-414
    • Watanabe, Y.1    Fujii, H.2    Aoki, K.3    Kanazawa, Y.4    Miyakawa, T.5
  • 10
    • 55249124763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes in primary health care unit of Udon Thani Province, Thailand
    • PID: 18972892
    • Narenpitak S, Narenpitak A. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes in primary health care unit of Udon Thani Province, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91:1505–13.
    • (2008) J Med Assoc Thai , vol.91 , pp. 1505-1513
    • Narenpitak, S.1    Narenpitak, A.2
  • 11
    • 84939636021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients in countries of the European Union up to 2025
    • PID: 26209733
    • Kainz A, Hronsky M, Stel VS, Jager KJ, Geroldinger A, Dunkler D, et al. Prediction of prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients in countries of the European Union up to 2025. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(Suppl 4):iv113–8.
    • (2015) Nephrol Dial Transplant. , vol.30 , pp. iv113-iv118
    • Kainz, A.1    Hronsky, M.2    Stel, V.S.3    Jager, K.J.4    Geroldinger, A.5    Dunkler, D.6
  • 12
    • 84948570963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Réseau, Epidémiologie, Information, Néphrologie (REIN). Rapport annuel 2008. Accessed 28 Oct 14
    • Réseau, Epidémiologie, Information, Néphrologie (REIN). Rapport annuel 2008. http://www.soc-nephrologie.org/PDF/enephro/registres/rapport_2008/rapport_2008.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 14.
  • 13
    • 84948572544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Renal Data System. Annual data report, 2013. Atlas of CKD and ESRD. Volume 2: Atlas ESRD. Incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics and modalities; 2013. Accessed 28 Oct 14
    • United States Renal Data System. Annual data report, 2013. Atlas of CKD and ESRD. Volume 2: Atlas ESRD. Incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics and modalities; 2013. http://www.usrds.org/2013/pdf/v2_ch1_13.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 14.
  • 14
    • 84948572323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of end stage organ failure in Canada
    • Ottawa, Ont.: CIHI
    • Canadian Institute for Health Information, Canadian Organ Replacement Register Annual Report: Treatment of end stage organ failure in Canada, 2001 to 2010 (Ottawa, Ont.: CIHI, 2011). https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/2011_CORR_Annua_Report_EN.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2015.
    • (2011) 2001 to , vol.2010
  • 15
    • 84864285795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centred approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38rnsV2jsA%3D%3D, PID: 22526604
    • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centred approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2012;55:1577–96.
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , pp. 1577-1596
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Buse, J.B.3    Diamant, M.4    Ferrannini, E.5    Nauck, M.6
  • 16
    • 84930841315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology—clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan—2015
    • PID: 25869408
    • Handelsman Y, Bloomgarden ZT, Grunberger G, Umpierrez G, Zimmerman RS, Bailey TS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology—clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan—2015. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(Suppl 1):1–87.
    • (2015) Endocr Pract , vol.21 , pp. 1-87
    • Handelsman, Y.1    Bloomgarden, Z.T.2    Grunberger, G.3    Umpierrez, G.4    Zimmerman, R.S.5    Bailey, T.S.6
  • 17
    • 84867497463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDOQI clinical practice guideline for diabetes and CKD: 2012 update
    • National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for diabetes and CKD: 2012 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60:850–86.
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.60 , pp. 850-886
  • 18
    • 84979712408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendix 6. Therapeutic considerations for renal impairment
    • Canadian Diabetes Association. Appendix 6. Therapeutic considerations for renal impairment. Can J Diabetes. 2013;37:S197–212.
    • (2013) Can J Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. S197-S212
  • 19
    • 84919999219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
    • PID: 25538310
    • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, Peters AL, Tsapas A, Wender R, Matthews DR. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:140–9.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. 140-149
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Buse, J.B.3    Diamant, M.4    Ferrannini, E.5    Nauck, M.6    Peters, A.L.7    Tsapas, A.8    Wender, R.9    Matthews, D.R.10
  • 21
    • 0036176161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification and stratification
    • National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(Suppl. 1):S1–266.
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.39 , pp. S1-S266
  • 22
    • 20544476937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft–Gault equations in the estimation of GFR in health and in chronic kidney disease
    • PID: 15615823
    • Poggio ED, Wang X, Greene T, Van Lente F, Hall PM. Performance of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft–Gault equations in the estimation of GFR in health and in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:459–66.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 459-466
    • Poggio, E.D.1    Wang, X.2    Greene, T.3    Van Lente, F.4    Hall, P.M.5
  • 23
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837–53.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 24
    • 45149133036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560–72.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2560-2572
  • 25
    • 77955585592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial
    • PID: 20594588
    • Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, Basile J, Calles J, Cohen RM, et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:419–30.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 419-430
    • Ismail-Beigi, F.1    Craven, T.2    Banerji, M.A.3    Basile, J.4    Calles, J.5    Cohen, R.M.6
  • 26
    • 58149389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnsFWkug%3D%3D, PID: 19092145
    • Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:129–39.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 129-139
    • Duckworth, W.1    Abraira, C.2    Moritz, T.3    Reda, D.4    Emanuele, N.5    Reaven, P.D.6
  • 27
    • 84874662499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive glucose control improves kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjsFGrtL8%3D, PID: 23302714
    • Perkovic V, Heerspink HL, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Jun M, Li Q, et al. Intensive glucose control improves kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int. 2013;83:517–23.
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.83 , pp. 517-523
    • Perkovic, V.1    Heerspink, H.L.2    Chalmers, J.3    Woodward, M.4    Jun, M.5    Li, Q.6
  • 28
    • 0029147687 scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsVWgtrs%3D, PID: 7587918
    • Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, Miyata T, Isami S, Motoyoshi S, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995;28:103–17.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.28 , pp. 103-117
    • Ohkubo, Y.1    Kishikawa, H.2    Araki, E.3    Miyata, T.4    Isami, S.5    Motoyoshi, S.6
  • 29
    • 79960959816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • PID: 21791495
    • Boussageon R, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Saadatian-Elahi M, Lafont S, Bergeonneau C, Kassaï B, et al. Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4169.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. d4169
    • Boussageon, R.1    Bejan-Angoulvant, T.2    Saadatian-Elahi, M.3    Lafont, S.4    Bergeonneau, C.5    Kassaï, B.6
  • 30
    • 34547486527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes management issues for patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Cavanaugh KL. Diabetes management issues for patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Diabetes. 2007;25:90–7.
    • (2007) Clin Diabetes , vol.25 , pp. 90-97
    • Cavanaugh, K.L.1
  • 31
    • 84979687089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia in diabetics with end-stage renal disease
    • Berns JS. Management of hyperglycemia in diabetics with end-stage renal disease. UpToDate. 2012. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-hyperglycemia-in-diabetics-with-end-stage-renal-disease. Accessed 5 June 2013.
    • (2012) UpToDate
    • Berns, J.S.1
  • 32
    • 84855928823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower value of glycated haemoglobin relative to glycemic control in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease not on hemodialysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjs12jtL0%3D, PID: 22194360
    • Shima K, Chujo K, Yamada M, Komatsu M, Noma Y, Mizuguchi T. Lower value of glycated haemoglobin relative to glycemic control in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease not on hemodialysis. Ann Clin Biochem. 2012;49:68–74.
    • (2012) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.49 , pp. 68-74
    • Shima, K.1    Chujo, K.2    Yamada, M.3    Komatsu, M.4    Noma, Y.5    Mizuguchi, T.6
  • 33
    • 77952254276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between assays of glycemia in diabetic subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlvVGjurY%3D, PID: 20299782
    • Freedman BI, Shihabi ZK, Andries L, Cardona CY, Peacock TP, Byers JR, et al. Relationship between assays of glycemia in diabetic subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2010;31(5):375–9.
    • (2010) Am J Nephrol , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 375-379
    • Freedman, B.I.1    Shihabi, Z.K.2    Andries, L.3    Cardona, C.Y.4    Peacock, T.P.5    Byers, J.R.6
  • 34
    • 0029994336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycated proteins as indices of glycaemic control in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28zpt1yltw%3D%3D, PID: 8799653
    • Morgan L, Marenah CB, Jeffcoate WJ, Morgan AG. Glycated proteins as indices of glycaemic control in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure. Diabet Med. 1996;13:514–9.
    • (1996) Diabet Med , vol.13 , pp. 514-519
    • Morgan, L.1    Marenah, C.B.2    Jeffcoate, W.J.3    Morgan, A.G.4
  • 35
    • 0036176890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term glycemic control measurements in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis
    • PID: 11840370
    • Joy MS, Cefalu WT, Hogan SL, Nachman PH. Long-term glycemic control measurements in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:297–307.
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.39 , pp. 297-307
    • Joy, M.S.1    Cefalu, W.T.2    Hogan, S.L.3    Nachman, P.H.4
  • 36
    • 79951709585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of iron and erythropoietin treatment on the HbA1C of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1Sisr%2FE, PID: 20798337
    • Ng JM, Cooke M, Bhandari S, Atkin SL, Kilpatrick ES. The effect of iron and erythropoietin treatment on the HbA1C of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2310–3.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 2310-2313
    • Ng, J.M.1    Cooke, M.2    Bhandari, S.3    Atkin, S.L.4    Kilpatrick, E.S.5
  • 37
    • 77951626611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin A(1c) and fructosamine for assessing glycemic control in diabetic patients with CKD stages 3 and 4
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntFCksbY%3D, PID: 20202728
    • Chen HS, Wu TE, Lin HD, Jap TS, Hsiao LC, Lee SH, et al. Hemoglobin A(1c) and fructosamine for assessing glycemic control in diabetic patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55:867–74.
    • (2010) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.55 , pp. 867-874
    • Chen, H.S.1    Wu, T.E.2    Lin, H.D.3    Jap, T.S.4    Hsiao, L.C.5    Lee, S.H.6
  • 38
    • 34247876013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, glycaemic control and mortality risk in patients on haemodialysis: the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s3mvVejuw%3D%3D, PID: 17393134
    • Hayashino Y, Fukuhara S, Akiba T, Akizawa T, Asano Y, Saito A, et al. Diabetes, glycaemic control and mortality risk in patients on haemodialysis: the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study. Diabetologia. 2007;50:1170–7.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1170-1177
    • Hayashino, Y.1    Fukuhara, S.2    Akiba, T.3    Akizawa, T.4    Asano, Y.5    Saito, A.6
  • 39
    • 69249098196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients on chronic haemodialysis: use of a continuous glucose monitoring system
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVGqu7jK, PID: 19389864
    • Riveline J-P, Teynie J, Belmouaz S, Franc S, Dardari D, Bauwens M, et al. Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients on chronic haemodialysis: use of a continuous glucose monitoring system. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:2866–71.
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 2866-2871
    • Riveline, J.-P.1    Teynie, J.2    Belmouaz, S.3    Franc, S.4    Dardari, D.5    Bauwens, M.6
  • 40
    • 78651338445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(Suppl 1):S11–61.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. S11-S61
  • 41
    • 84876015571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McFarlane P, Gilbert RE, MacCallum L, Senior P. Chronic kidney disease in diabetes
    • Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee, McFarlane P, Gilbert RE, MacCallum L, Senior P. Chronic kidney disease in diabetes. Can J Diabetes. 2013;37 Suppl 1:S129–36.
    • Can J Diabetes. 2013;37 Suppl , vol.1 , pp. S129-S136
  • 42
    • 84948571258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merck Serono Limited. Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride 500 and 850 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Merck Serono Limited. Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride 500 and 850 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/1043/SPC. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 43
    • 84948583818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride 500 and 850 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride 500 and 850 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://www.sanofi.ca/products/en/glucophage.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 45
    • 84948581914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfizer Limited. Minodiab (glipizide 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Pfizer Limited. Minodiab (glipizide 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/9851. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 46
    • 84948587977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actavis UK Ltd. Gliclazide (80 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Actavis UK Ltd. Gliclazide (80 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/24126. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 47
    • 84948567806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Servier Canada Inc. Gliclazide MR (30 and 60 mg modified release tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2012. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Servier Canada Inc. Gliclazide MR (30 and 60 mg modified release tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2012. http://www.servier.ca/sites/default/files/webform/Products/EN-DIAMICRONMR-PI.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 48
    • 84948586796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teva UK Limited. Glibenclamide (5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Teva UK Limited. Glibenclamide (5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/30410. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 49
    • 84948572217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Diaßeta (glyburide 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Diaßeta (glyburide 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2013. http://products.sanofi.ca/en/diabeta.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 51
    • 84948575204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zentiva. Amaryl (glimepiride 1 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Zentiva. Amaryl (glimepiride 1 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27034. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 52
    • 84979681929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amaryl (glimepiride 1
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Amaryl (glimepiride 1, 2 and 4 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2013. http://products.sanofi.ca/en/amaryl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2013) 2 and 4 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada)
  • 53
    • 84979691084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glimepiride (1
    • Sanofi-aventis. Glimepiride (1, 2 and 4 mg tablets) label (US); 2013. http://products.sanofi.us/amaryl/amaryl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2013) 2 and 4 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 54
    • 84979700960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GlucoNorm (repaglinide 0.5
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. GlucoNorm (repaglinide 0.5, 1 and 2 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. http://www.novonordisk.ca/content/dam/Canada/AFFILIATE/wwwnovonordisk-ca/OurProducts/PDF/gluconorm-product-monograph-english.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2015) 1 and 2 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada)
  • 56
    • 84979649031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prandin (repaglinide 0.5
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. Prandin (repaglinide 0.5, 1 and 2 mg tablets) label (US); 2008. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020741s035lbl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2008) 1 and 2 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 57
    • 84948567612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Starlix (nateglinide 60 mg tablets) summaries of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Starlix (nateglinide 60 mg tablets) summaries of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/4622. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 58
    • 84948569215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Starlix (nateglinide 60 and 120 mg tablets) label (US); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Starlix (nateglinide 60 and 120 mg tablets) label (US); 2013. https://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/Starlix.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 59
    • 84948579885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Starlix (nateglinide 60 and 120 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2011. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Starlix (nateglinide 60 and 120 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2011. http://www.ask.novartispharma.ca/resources.htm?letter=S. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 60
    • 84948567979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayer PLC. Glucobay (acarbose 50 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bayer PLC. Glucobay (acarbose 50 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/19972. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 61
    • 84948587406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayer Inc. Glucobay (acarbose 50 and 100 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bayer Inc. Glucobay (acarbose 50 and 100 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://www.bayer.ca/omr/online/glucobay-pmen-21nov2014-137275_l3-1.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 62
    • 84979713090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precose (acarbose 25
    • Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Precose (acarbose 25, 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US); 2011. http://www.univgraph.com/bayer/inserts/precose.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2011) 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 63
    • 84948580672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayer Pharma AG. Diastabol (miglitol 50 and 100 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bayer Pharma AG. Diastabol (miglitol 50 and 100 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. http://db.cbgmeb.nl/mri/spc/nlh-0116-001-002.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 64
    • 84979656804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glyset (miglitol 25
    • Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Glyset (miglitol 25, 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US); 2012. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020682s010lbl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2012) 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 65
    • 84979703675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avandia (rosiglitazone 2
    • GlaxoSmithKline. Avandia (rosiglitazone 2, 4 and 8 mg tablets) label (US); 2014. https://www.gsksource.com/pharma/content/dam/GlaxoSmithKline/US/en/Prescribing_Information/Avandia/pdf/AVANDIA-PI-MG.PDF. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2014) 4 and 8 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 66
    • 84979714242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avandia (rosiglitazone 2
    • GlaxoSmithKline Inc. Avandia (rosiglitazone 2, 4 and 8 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2012. http://www.gsk.ca/english/docspdf/product-monographs/Avandia.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2012) 4 and 8 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada)
  • 68
    • 84979655662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inc. Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride 15
    • Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride 15, 30 and 45 mg tablets) label (US); 2013. http://general.takedapharm.com/content/file.aspx?filetypecode=actospi&cacheRandomizer=381ab232-181d-4af2-8357-512c42b6aeb9. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2013) 30 and 45 mg tablets) label (US)
    • America, T.P.1
  • 69
    • 84948564736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Takeda Canada, Inc. Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride 15, 30 and 45 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2012. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Takeda Canada, Inc. Actos (pioglitazone hydrochloride 15, 30 and 45 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2012. http://www.takedacanada.com/actospm/~/media/countries/ca/files/product%20pdfs/actos%20pm%20eng%2018-may-2012.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 70
    • 84979703030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Januvia (sitagliptin 25
    • Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Januvia (sitagliptin 25, 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US); 2010. https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/j/januvia/januvia_pi.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2010) 50 and 100 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 72
    • 84979705260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Januvia (sitagliptin 25
    • Merck Canada Inc. Januvia (sitagliptin 25, 50 and 100 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. http://www.merck.ca/assets/en/pdf/products/JANUVIA-PM_E.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2015) 50 and 100 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada)
  • 73
    • 84948566202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. http://www.azpicentral.com/onglyza/pi_onglyza.pdf#page=1. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 74
    • 84948564168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/22315. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 75
    • 84948578325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Onglyza (saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. http://www.astrazeneca.ca/cs/BlobServer?blobcol=pdffile&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=MDTType&blobheadervalue1=inline%3B+filename%3DProduct-Monograph.pdf&blobheadervalue2=abinary%3B+charset%3DUTF-8&blobkey=id&blobnocache=true&blobtable=AZ_FixedURLPDF&blobwhere=1285585477756&ssbinary=true. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 76
    • 84948571900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Galvus (vildagliptin 50 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Galvus (vildagliptin 50 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/20734. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 77
    • 84979653915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inc. Nesina (alogliptin 6.25
    • Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. Nesina (alogliptin 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. http://general.takedapharm.com/content/file.aspx?applicationcode=5D2277FD-CFC0-423C-B543-811D41F4771E&filetypecode=NESINAPI&cacheRandomizer=2fe2d4d7-e399-459e-b1ce-c309c559e46c. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2015) 12.5 and 25 mg tablets) label (US)
    • America, T.P.1
  • 79
    • 84948572228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Takeda Canada Inc. Nesina (alogliptin 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Takeda Canada Inc. Nesina (alogliptin 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://www.takedacanada.com/nesinapm/~/media/countries/ca/files/product%20pdfs/nesinapm_eng_2014nov07_v2.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 80
    • 84948571176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tradjenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tradjenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. http://docs.boehringeringelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Tradjenta/Tradjenta.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 81
    • 84948567244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Trajenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Trajenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/25000. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 82
    • 84948571177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. Trajenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. Trajenta (linagliptin 5 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2015. http://www.boehringeringelheim.ca/content/dam/internet/opu/ca_EN/documents/humanhealth/product_monograph/TrajentaPMEN.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 83
    • 84948568456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Farxiga (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) label (US); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Farxiga (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) label (US); 2014. http://www1.astrazenecaus.com/pi/pi_farxiga.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 84
    • 84948578609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Forxiga (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Forxiga (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014.http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27188. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 85
    • 84948571528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca Canada Inc. (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • AstraZeneca Canada Inc. (dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. https://www.cadth.ca/sites/default/files/cdr/monograph/Forxiga_monograph.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 86
    • 84948568004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) label (US); 2015. https://www.invokanahcp.com/prescribinginformation.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 87
    • 84948564259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janssen-Cilag Ltd. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) summaries of product characteristics (one for each dose) (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Janssen-Cilag Ltd. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) summaries of product characteristics (one for each dose) (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/28400. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 88
    • 84948577996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janssen, Inc. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Janssen, Inc. Invokana (canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2014. https://www.cadth.ca/media/cdr/monograph/Invokana_Product%20Monograph.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 89
    • 84948574643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Jardiance (empagliflozin tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Jardiance (empagliflozin tablets) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/28973. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 90
    • 84948575100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Jardiance (empagliflozin tablets) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Jardiance (empagliflozin tablets) label (US); 2015. http://docs.boehringeringelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Jardiance/jardiance.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 91
    • 84948569538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Byetta (exenatide 250 mcg/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2009. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Byetta (exenatide 250 mcg/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2009. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021773s9s11s18s22s25lbl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 92
    • 84948581157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Byetta (exenatide 0.25 mg/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Byetta (exenatide 0.25 mg/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/19257. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 93
    • 84948583943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Byetta (exenatide 250 µg/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Byetta (exenatide 250 µg/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. http://www.bmscanada.ca/static/products/en/pm_pdf/Byetta_PM_E_%202013-07-3_APP_CLN.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 94
    • 84948574641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Bydureon (exenatide prolonged-release 2 mg suspension for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Bristol Myers Squibb-AstraZeneca EEIG. Bydureon (exenatide prolonged-release 2 mg suspension for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/24665. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 95
    • 84948573911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Bydureon (exenatide extended release 2 mg suspension for injection) label (US); 2012. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Bydureon (exenatide extended release 2 mg suspension for injection) label (US); 2012. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022200s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 96
    • 84948580231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://www.novonordisk.ca/content/dam/Canada/AFFILIATE/wwwnovonordisk-ca/OurProducts/PDF/victoza-product-monograph.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 97
    • 84948586712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21986. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 98
    • 84948570106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. Victoza (liraglutide 6 mg/ml solution for injection) label (US); 2015. http://www.novo-pi.com/victoza.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 99
    • 84948587525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis groupe. Lyxumia (lixisenatide 100 mcg/ml) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis groupe. Lyxumia (lixisenatide 100 mcg/ml) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27406. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 100
    • 84948568239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited. Eperzan (albiglutide 30 mg powder and solvent for solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited. Eperzan (albiglutide 30 mg powder and solvent for solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014.http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/communityregister/2015/20150619132336/anx_132336_en.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 101
    • 84948585487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GlaxoSmithKline LLC. Tanzeum (albiglutide 30 mg powder and solvent for solution for injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • GlaxoSmithKline LLC. Tanzeum (albiglutide 30 mg powder and solvent for solution for injection) label (US); 2015. https://www.gsksource.com/pharma/content/dam/GlaxoSmithKline/US/en/Prescribing_Information/Tanzeum/pdf/TANZEUM-PI-MG-IFUCOMBINED.PDF. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 102
    • 84948580297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lilly USA, LLC. Trulicity (dulaglutide 1.5 and 3.0 mg/mL) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Lilly USA, LLC. Trulicity (dulaglutide 1.5 and 3.0 mg/mL) label (US); 2015. http://pi.lilly.com/us/trulicity-uspi.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 103
    • 84948576618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eli Lilly and Company. Trulicity (dulaglutide 1.5 and 3.0 mg/mL) solution for injection. summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Eli Lilly and Company. Trulicity (dulaglutide 1.5 and 3.0 mg/mL)solution for injection. summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29747. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 104
    • 84948585147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Humulin R; Humulin N (human insulin; regular [R] and NPH [N] 100 units/mL solutions for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Humulin R; Humulin N (human insulin; regular [R] and NPH [N] 100 units/mL solutions for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. http://www.lilly.ca/en/pdf/consumer-information/18_humulin-ncart-kwikpen_ci_22oct2013.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 105
    • 84948565208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://www.novonordisk.ca/content/dam/Canada/AFFILIATE/wwwnovonordisk-ca/OurProducts/PDF/novorapid-product-monograph.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 106
    • 84948587051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/25033. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 107
    • 84948574387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. NovoRapid (insulin aspart 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. http://www.novopi.com/novolog.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 108
    • 84948573306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. Tresiba (insulin degludec 200 units/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Limited. Tresiba (insulin degludec 200 units/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27363. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 109
    • 84948576411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2013. http://www.novonordisk.ca/content/dam/Canada/AFFILIATE/wwwnovonordisk-ca/OurProducts/PDF/levemir-product-monograph.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 110
    • 84948588337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. http://www.novopi.com/levemir.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 111
    • 84948577286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Levemir (insulin detemir 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015.http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/14584. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 112
    • 84948578599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Lantus (insulin glargine 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Lantus (insulin glargine 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://products.sanofi.ca/en/lantus.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 113
    • 84948577509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Lantus (insulin glargine [rDNA origin] injection) solution for subcutaneous injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Lantus (insulin glargine [rDNA origin] injection) solution for subcutaneous injection label (US); 2015. http://products.sanofi.us/lantus/lantus.html. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 114
    • 84948584866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis groupe. Lantus (insulin glargine [rDNA origin] injection) solution for subcutaneous injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis groupe. Lantus (insulin glargine [rDNA origin] injection) solution for subcutaneous injection summary of product characteristics (EU); 2015. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/25506. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 115
    • 84948570661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis Deutschland GmbH. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis Deutschland GmbH. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2013. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/26478. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 116
    • 84948575519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2014. http://products.sanofi.ca/en/apidra.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 117
    • 84948585453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Apidra (insulin glulisine 100 U/mL solution for injection) label (US); 2015. http://products.sanofi.us/apidra/apidra.html. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 118
    • 84948565142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Humalog (insulin lispro 100 units/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2015. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Humalog (insulin lispro 100 units/mL solution for injection) product monograph (Canada); 2015. http://www.lilly.ca/en/pdf/product-monograph/14_humalogpm_30mar2015.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 120
    • 84948572395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eli Lilly and Company. Humalog (insulin lispro 100 units/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Eli Lilly and Company. Humalog (insulin lispro 100 units/mL solution for injection) summary of product characteristics (EU); 2014. http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/9314. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 121
    • 84979668261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucotrol (glipizide 2.5
    • Pfizer Inc. Glucotrol (glipizide 2.5, 5 and 10 mg tablets) label (US); 2013. http://labeling.pfizer.com/showlabeling.aspx?id=579. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
    • (2013) 5 and 10 mg tablets) label (US)
  • 122
    • 52249109164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy in renal disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1KltbbF, PID: 18248491
    • Iglesias P, Díez JJ. Insulin therapy in renal disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10(10):811–23.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , Issue.10 , pp. 811-823
    • Iglesias, P.1    Díez, J.J.2
  • 123
    • 84948570836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valeant Canada LP. Glumetza (metformin hydrochloride extended-release 500 and 1000 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2007. Accessed 4 Nov 2015
    • Valeant Canada LP. Glumetza (metformin hydrochloride extended-release 500 and 1000 mg tablets) product monograph (Canada); 2007. http://www.valeant.com/Portals/25/Pdf/products/PI/glumetza.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2015.
  • 124
    • 0028856712 scopus 로고
    • Kidney function and age are both predictors of pharmacokinetics of metformin
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XkslWguw%3D%3D, PID: 8626883
    • Sambol NC, Chiang J, Lin ET, Goodman AM, Liu CY, Benet LZ, et al. Kidney function and age are both predictors of pharmacokinetics of metformin. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35:1094–102.
    • (1995) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 1094-1102
    • Sambol, N.C.1    Chiang, J.2    Lin, E.T.3    Goodman, A.M.4    Liu, C.Y.5    Benet, L.Z.6
  • 125
    • 79851514348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin: the safest hypoglycaemic agent in chronic kidney disease?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFCgtbbE, PID: 21325870
    • Nye HJ, Herrington WG. Metformin: the safest hypoglycaemic agent in chronic kidney disease? Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;118:c380–3.
    • (2011) Nephron Clin Pract , vol.118 , pp. c380-c383
    • Nye, H.J.1    Herrington, W.G.2
  • 126
    • 0032407419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin-associated lactic acidosis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3oslWqug%3D%3D, PID: 9625516
    • Hulisz DT, Bonfiglio MF, Murray RD. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1998;11:233–6.
    • (1998) J Am Board Fam Pract , vol.11 , pp. 233-236
    • Hulisz, D.T.1    Bonfiglio, M.F.2    Murray, R.D.3
  • 128
    • 0032917623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Prognostic value of arterial lactate levels and plasma metformin concentrations
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtVGhs74%3D, PID: 10230584
    • Lalau JD, Race JM. Lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Prognostic value of arterial lactate levels and plasma metformin concentrations. Drug Saf. 1999;20:377–84.
    • (1999) Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 377-384
    • Lalau, J.D.1    Race, J.M.2
  • 129
    • 77956065470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel assay of metformin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and varying levels of renal function: clinical recommendations
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotFKhs7w%3D, PID: 20215446
    • Frid A, Sterner GN, Löndahl M, Wiklander C, Cato A, Vinge E, et al. Novel assay of metformin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and varying levels of renal function: clinical recommendations. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:1291–3.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1291-1293
    • Frid, A.1    Sterner, G.N.2    Löndahl, M.3    Wiklander, C.4    Cato, A.5    Vinge, E.6
  • 130
    • 80051978747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXos1Kmt70%3D, PID: 21617112
    • Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE. Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1431–7.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 1431-1437
    • Lipska, K.J.1    Bailey, C.J.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3
  • 131
    • 84948582832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin use in diabetics with reduced kidney function: prescription pattern in 4,414 subjects with type 2 diabetes and different eGFR levels
    • (Abstract)
    • Cignarelli A, Laviola L, Stefanelli G, Garruti G, Logoluso F, Morea N, et al. Metformin use in diabetics with reduced kidney function: prescription pattern in 4,414 subjects with type 2 diabetes and different eGFR levels. Diabetologia. 2013;56(Suppl 1):S387 (Abstract).
    • (2013) Diabetologia , vol.56 , pp. S387
    • Cignarelli, A.1    Laviola, L.2    Stefanelli, G.3    Garruti, G.4    Logoluso, F.5    Morea, N.6
  • 132
    • 78649664499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry Investigators. Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1entbvJ, PID: 21098347
    • Roussel R, Travert F, Pasquet B, Wilson PW, Smith SC Jr, Goto S, et al. Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry Investigators. Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1892–9.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 1892-1899
    • Roussel, R.1    Travert, F.2    Pasquet, B.3    Wilson, P.W.4    Smith, S.C.5    Goto, S.6
  • 134
    • 84920025605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review
    • PID: 25536258
    • Inzucchi SE, Lipska KJ, Mayo H, Bailey CJ, McGuire DK. Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312:2668–75.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 2668-2675
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Lipska, K.J.2    Mayo, H.3    Bailey, C.J.4    McGuire, D.K.5
  • 135
    • 0029857682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and safety of glimepiride at clinically effective doses in diabetic patients with renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsVGrsL4%3D, PID: 8960852
    • Rosenkranz B, Profozic V, Metelko Z, Mrzljak V, Lange C, Malerczyk V. Pharmacokinetics and safety of glimepiride at clinically effective doses in diabetic patients with renal impairment. Diabetologia. 1996;39:1617–24.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1617-1624
    • Rosenkranz, B.1    Profozic, V.2    Metelko, Z.3    Mrzljak, V.4    Lange, C.5    Malerczyk, V.6
  • 136
    • 0031968686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function
    • PID: 9551701
    • Jönsson A, Rydberg T, Sterner G, Melander A. Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;53:429–35.
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 429-435
    • Jönsson, A.1    Rydberg, T.2    Sterner, G.3    Melander, A.4
  • 137
    • 0035030427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFOqtrw%3D, PID: 11417447
    • Schumacher S, Abbasi I, Weise D, Hatorp V, Sattler K, Sieber J, et al. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;57:147–52.
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 147-152
    • Schumacher, S.1    Abbasi, I.2    Weise, D.3    Hatorp, V.4    Sattler, K.5    Sieber, J.6
  • 139
    • 0037302079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of nateglinide in renally impaired diabetic patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1eqsLs%3D, PID: 12616669
    • Devineni D, Walter YH, Smith HT, Lee JS, Prasad P, McLeod JF. Pharmacokinetics of nateglinide in renally impaired diabetic patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43:163–70.
    • (2003) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 163-170
    • Devineni, D.1    Walter, Y.H.2    Smith, H.T.3    Lee, J.S.4    Prasad, P.5    McLeod, J.F.6
  • 140
    • 0037579664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multinational Repaglinide Renal Study Group. Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisVCltLY%3D, PID: 12610054
    • Hasslacher C. Multinational Repaglinide Renal Study Group. Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:886–91.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 886-891
    • Hasslacher, C.1
  • 141
    • 0038746657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in patients with impaired renal function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVWjsrg%3D, PID: 12680885
    • Budde K, Neumayer HH, Fritsche L, Sulowicz W, Stompôr T, Eckland D. The pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in patients with impaired renal function. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;55:368–74.
    • (2003) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 368-374
    • Budde, K.1    Neumayer, H.H.2    Fritsche, L.3    Sulowicz, W.4    Stompôr, T.5    Eckland, D.6
  • 142
    • 0344453817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVKjtb0%3D, PID: 12638393
    • Chapelsky MC, Thompson-Culkin K, Miller AK, Sack M, Blum R, Freed MI. Pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43:252–9.
    • (2003) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 252-259
    • Chapelsky, M.C.1    Thompson-Culkin, K.2    Miller, A.K.3    Sack, M.4    Blum, R.5    Freed, M.I.6
  • 143
    • 0344233280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rosiglitazone maleate when added to a sulfonylurea regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild to moderate renal impairment: a post hoc analysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVygug%3D%3D, PID: 14693302
    • Agrawal A, Sautter MC, Jones NP. Effects of rosiglitazone maleate when added to a sulfonylurea regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild to moderate renal impairment: a post hoc analysis. Clin Ther. 2003;25:2754–64.
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 2754-2764
    • Agrawal, A.1    Sautter, M.C.2    Jones, N.P.3
  • 144
    • 34447120048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotlWhtrg%3D, PID: 17468348
    • Bergman AJ, Cote J, Yi B, Marbury T, Swan SK, Smith W, et al. Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1862–4.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1862-1864
    • Bergman, A.J.1    Cote, J.2    Yi, B.3    Marbury, T.4    Swan, S.K.5    Smith, W.6
  • 145
    • 79952088990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkslShsrs%3D, PID: 21348538
    • Boulton DW, Li L, Frevert EU, Tang A, Castaneda L, Vachharajani NN, et al. Influence of renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011;50:253–65.
    • (2011) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.50 , pp. 253-265
    • Boulton, D.W.1    Li, L.2    Frevert, E.U.3    Tang, A.4    Castaneda, L.5    Vachharajani, N.N.6
  • 146
    • 84876384692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1Wgt7rM, PID: 23782585
    • He YL, Kulmatycki K, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Reynolds C, Ligueros-Saylan M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013;51:693–703.
    • (2013) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 693-703
    • He, Y.L.1    Kulmatycki, K.2    Zhang, Y.3    Zhou, W.4    Reynolds, C.5    Ligueros-Saylan, M.6
  • 147
    • 67649337808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single dose pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in subjects with renal impairment [poster 538 P]
    • (Abstract)
    • Karim A, Fleck P, Hetman L, Marbury T, Ravis W, Cannon C, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in subjects with renal impairment [poster 538 P]. Diabetes. 2008;57(Suppl 1):A160 (Abstract).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. A160
    • Karim, A.1    Fleck, P.2    Hetman, L.3    Marbury, T.4    Ravis, W.5    Cannon, C.6
  • 148
    • 80052530183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCnsb3E, PID: 21672124
    • Graefe-Mody U, Friedrich C, Port A, Ring A, Retlich S, Heise T, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13:939–46.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.13 , pp. 939-946
    • Graefe-Mody, U.1    Friedrich, C.2    Port, A.3    Ring, A.4    Retlich, S.5    Heise, T.6
  • 149
    • 84876785125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin versus glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic renal insufficiency
    • PID: 23248197
    • Arjona Ferreira JC, Marre M, Barzilai N, Guo H, Golm GT, Sisk CM, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin versus glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1067–73.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 1067-1073
    • Arjona Ferreira, J.C.1    Marre, M.2    Barzilai, N.3    Guo, H.4    Golm, G.T.5    Sisk, C.M.6
  • 150
    • 45449105789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arjona Ferreira JC, Sheng D, Gonzalez E, Davies MJ. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal insufficiency
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovFSntrc%3D, PID: 18518892
    • Chan JC, Scott R. Arjona Ferreira JC, Sheng D, Gonzalez E, Davies MJ. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal insufficiency. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10:545–55.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 545-555
    • Chan, J.C.1    Scott, R.2
  • 151
    • 81755181497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment: a randomised controlled 52-week efficacy and safety study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmslWn, PID: 21977965
    • Nowicki M, Rychlik I, Haller H, Warren M, Suchower L, Gause-Nilsson I, et al. Long-term treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment: a randomised controlled 52-week efficacy and safety study. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65:1230–9.
    • (2011) Int J Clin Pract , vol.65 , pp. 1230-1239
    • Nowicki, M.1    Rychlik, I.2    Haller, H.3    Warren, M.4    Suchower, L.5    Gause-Nilsson, I.6
  • 152
    • 79955048927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and is well-tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnvFKru78%3D, PID: 21332627
    • Nowicki M, Rychlik I, Haller H, Warren ML, Suchower L, Gause-Nilsson I. Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and is well-tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13:523–32.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.13 , pp. 523-532
    • Nowicki, M.1    Rychlik, I.2    Haller, H.3    Warren, M.L.4    Suchower, L.5    Gause-Nilsson, I.6
  • 153
    • 80052551137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of vildagliptin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment: a prospective 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCnsb3F, PID: 21733061
    • Lukashevich V, Schweizer A, Shao Q, Groop P-H, Kothny W. Safety and efficacy of vildagliptin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment: a prospective 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13:947–54.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.13 , pp. 947-954
    • Lukashevich, V.1    Schweizer, A.2    Shao, Q.3    Groop, P.-H.4    Kothny, W.5
  • 154
    • 84867142621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year safety, tolerability and efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVCgur7I, PID: 22690943
    • Kothny W, Shao Q, Groop P-H, Lukashevich V. One-year safety, tolerability and efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14:1032–9.
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.14 , pp. 1032-1039
    • Kothny, W.1    Shao, Q.2    Groop, P.-H.3    Lukashevich, V.4
  • 155
    • 84899057835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with vildagliptin in patients ≥ 75 years with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment
    • PID: 23821355
    • Schweizer A, Dejager S. Experience with vildagliptin in patients ≥ 75 years with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment. Diabetes Ther. 2013;4:257–67.
    • (2013) Diabetes Ther. , vol.4 , pp. 257-267
    • Schweizer, A.1    Dejager, S.2
  • 156
    • 84873864348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXislyju7s%3D, PID: 23033241
    • McGill JB, Sloan L, Newman J, Patel S, Sauce C, von Eynatten M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:237–44.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 237-244
    • McGill, J.B.1    Sloan, L.2    Newman, J.3    Patel, S.4    Sauce, C.5    von Eynatten, M.6
  • 157
    • 84921908680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin or placebo followed by glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderate to severe renal impairment: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind clinical trial
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXjvFSms7Y%3D, PID: 25614693
    • Laakso M, Rosenstock J, Groop PH, Barnett AH, Gallwitz B, Hehnke U, et al. Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin or placebo followed by glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderate to severe renal impairment: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:e15–7.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. e15-e17
    • Laakso, M.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Groop, P.H.3    Barnett, A.H.4    Gallwitz, B.5    Hehnke, U.6
  • 158
    • 84903266061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and prevention of diabetic nephropathy: targeting the renal tubule in diabetes
    • PID: 24673844
    • De Nicola L, Gabbai FB, Liberti ME, Sagliocca A, Conte G, Minutolo R. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and prevention of diabetic nephropathy: targeting the renal tubule in diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;64:16–24.
    • (2014) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.64 , pp. 16-24
    • De Nicola, L.1    Gabbai, F.B.2    Liberti, M.E.3    Sagliocca, A.4    Conte, G.5    Minutolo, R.6
  • 159
    • 84893214045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitFSqtLg%3D, PID: 24334175
    • Cherney DZ, Perkins BA, Soleymanlou N, Maione M, Lai V, Lee A, et al. Renal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2014;129:587–97.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 587-597
    • Cherney, D.Z.1    Perkins, B.A.2    Soleymanlou, N.3    Maione, M.4    Lai, V.5    Lee, A.6
  • 160
    • 84939996168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXosFKgug%3D%3D, PID: 25659911
    • Devineni D, Curtin CR, Marbury TC, Smith W, Vaccaro N, Wexler D, et al. Effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor. Clin Ther. 2015;37:610–28.
    • (2015) Clin Ther , vol.37 , pp. 610-628
    • Devineni, D.1    Curtin, C.R.2    Marbury, T.C.3    Smith, W.4    Vaccaro, N.5    Wexler, D.6
  • 161
    • 84876311251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlvVenu7c%3D, PID: 23464594
    • Yale J-F, Bakris G, Cariou B, Yue D, David-Neto E, Xi L, et al. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15:463–73.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 463-473
    • Yale, J.-F.1    Bakris, G.2    Cariou, B.3    Yue, D.4    David-Neto, E.5    Xi, L.6
  • 162
    • 84904525477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 nephropathy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsVeqsbrM, PID: 25059406
    • Yamout H, Perkovic V, Davies M, Woo V, de Zeeuw D, Mayer C, et al. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40:64–74.
    • (2014) Am J Nephrol , vol.40 , pp. 64-74
    • Yamout, H.1    Perkovic, V.2    Davies, M.3    Woo, V.4    de Zeeuw, D.5    Mayer, C.6
  • 163
    • 84897394040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFequr3L, PID: 24067431
    • Kohan DE, Fioretto P, Tang W, List JF. Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control. Kidney Int. 2014;85:962–71.
    • (2014) Kidney Int , vol.85 , pp. 962-971
    • Kohan, D.E.1    Fioretto, P.2    Tang, W.3    List, J.F.4
  • 164
    • 84899961819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin added to existing antidiabetes treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXnslaqsbw%3D, PID: 24795251
    • Barnett AH, Mithal A, Manassie J, Jones R, Rattunde H, Woerle HJ, EMPA-REG RENAL Trial Investigators, et al. Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin added to existing antidiabetes treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:369–84.
    • (2014) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 369-384
    • Barnett, A.H.1    Mithal, A.2    Manassie, J.3    Jones, R.4    Rattunde, H.5    Woerle, H.J.6
  • 165
    • 34548034895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFKis7zM, PID: 17425627
    • Linnebjerg H, Kothare PA, Park S, Mace K, Reddy S, Mitchell M, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;64:317–27.
    • (2007) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 317-327
    • Linnebjerg, H.1    Kothare, P.A.2    Park, S.3    Mace, K.4    Reddy, S.5    Mitchell, M.6
  • 166
    • 70849096647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of GLP-1 analogue liraglutide
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkvFOqsw%3D%3D, PID: 20002084
    • Jacobsen LV, Hindsberger C, Robson R, Zdravkovic M. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of GLP-1 analogue liraglutide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;68:898–905.
    • (2009) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 898-905
    • Jacobsen, L.V.1    Hindsberger, C.2    Robson, R.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 167
    • 0032792964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin Lispro compared with regular insulin in haemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus
    • PID: 10463187
    • Aisenpreis U, Pfützner A, Giehl M, Keller F, Jehle PM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin Lispro compared with regular insulin in haemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14(Suppl 4):5–6.
    • (1999) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 5-6
    • Aisenpreis, U.1    Pfützner, A.2    Giehl, M.3    Keller, F.4    Jehle, P.M.5
  • 168
    • 84948566018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disposition of insulin Lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function
    • (Abstract)
    • Johnson RD, Holcombe JH, Seger M, Cronin J. The disposition of insulin Lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function. Diabetes. 1998;47(Suppl 1):A91 (Abstract).
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. A91
    • Johnson, R.D.1    Holcombe, J.H.2    Seger, M.3    Cronin, J.4
  • 169
    • 0035349026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of diabetic nephropathy on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvVCku7s%3D, PID: 11347749
    • Rave K, Heise T, Pfützner A, Heinemann L, Sawicki PT. Impact of diabetic nephropathy on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:886–90.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 886-890
    • Rave, K.1    Heise, T.2    Pfützner, A.3    Heinemann, L.4    Sawicki, P.T.5
  • 170
    • 0038052137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal and metabolic effects of insulin lispro in type 2 diabetic subjects with overt nephropathy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhs1ynu7k%3D, PID: 12547889
    • Ruggenenti P, Flores C, Aros C, Ene-Iordache B, Trevisan R, Ottomano C, et al. Renal and metabolic effects of insulin lispro in type 2 diabetic subjects with overt nephropathy. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:502–9.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 502-509
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Flores, C.2    Aros, C.3    Ene-Iordache, B.4    Trevisan, R.5    Ottomano, C.6
  • 171
    • 84893286934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin degludec: pharmacokinetics in patients with renal impairment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFChsro%3D, PID: 24163264
    • Kiss I, Arold G, Roepstorff C, Bøttcher SG, Klim S, Haahr H. Insulin degludec: pharmacokinetics in patients with renal impairment. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014;53:175–83.
    • (2014) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.53 , pp. 175-183
    • Kiss, I.1    Arold, G.2    Roepstorff, C.3    Bøttcher, S.G.4    Klim, S.5    Haahr, H.6
  • 172
    • 0242277757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of insulin detemir in subjects with renal or hepatic impairment
    • (Abstract)
    • Jacobsen LV, Popescu G, Plum A. Pharmacokinetics of insulin detemir in subjects with renal or hepatic impairment. Diabetologia. 2002;45(Suppl 1):A259 (Abstract).
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. A259
    • Jacobsen, L.V.1    Popescu, G.2    Plum, A.3
  • 173
    • 84883303101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin requirements in patients with diabetes and declining kidney function: differences between insulin analogues and human insulin?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1Ois7vL, PID: 23997930
    • Kulozik F, Hasslacher C. Insulin requirements in patients with diabetes and declining kidney function: differences between insulin analogues and human insulin? Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2013;4:113–21.
    • (2013) Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab , vol.4 , pp. 113-121
    • Kulozik, F.1    Hasslacher, C.2
  • 174
    • 84866673865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of two weight-based doses of insulin glargine and glulisine in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1Gks77K, PID: 22699288
    • Baldwin D, Zander J, Munoz C, Raghu P, DeLange-Hudec S, Lee H, et al. A randomized trial of two weight-based doses of insulin glargine and glulisine in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1970–4.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 1970-1974
    • Baldwin, D.1    Zander, J.2    Munoz, C.3    Raghu, P.4    DeLange-Hudec, S.5    Lee, H.6
  • 175
    • 0042635511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased insulin requirement in relation to GFR in nephropathic type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szktFOlug%3D%3D, PID: 12873291
    • Biesenbach G, Raml A, Schmekal B, Eichbauer-Sturm G. Decreased insulin requirement in relation to GFR in nephropathic type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2003;20:642–5.
    • (2003) Diabet Med , vol.20 , pp. 642-645
    • Biesenbach, G.1    Raml, A.2    Schmekal, B.3    Eichbauer-Sturm, G.4
  • 176
    • 0033853102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of drugs affecting blood glucose in diabetic patients with renal failure
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmslSksLo%3D, PID: 10922977
    • Charpentier G, Riveline JP, Varroud-Vial M. Management of drugs affecting blood glucose in diabetic patients with renal failure. Diabetes Metab. 2000;26(Suppl 4):73–85.
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab , vol.26 , pp. 73-85
    • Charpentier, G.1    Riveline, J.P.2    Varroud-Vial, M.3
  • 178
    • 79958745412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment in a large outpatient electronic medical records database: rates of diagnosis and antihyperglycemic medication dose adjustment
    • PID: 21566423
    • Meyers JL, Candrilli SD, Kovacs B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment in a large outpatient electronic medical records database: rates of diagnosis and antihyperglycemic medication dose adjustment. Postgrad Med. 2011;123:133–43.
    • (2011) Postgrad Med , vol.123 , pp. 133-143
    • Meyers, J.L.1    Candrilli, S.D.2    Kovacs, B.3
  • 179
    • 84897830749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes associated with nonconcordance to national kidney foundation guideline recommendations for oral antidiabetic drug treatments in patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
    • PID: 24246342
    • Chen SY, Lee YC, Alas V, Greene M, Brixner D. Outcomes associated with nonconcordance to national kidney foundation guideline recommendations for oral antidiabetic drug treatments in patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Endocr Pract. 2014;20:221–31.
    • (2014) Endocr Pract , vol.20 , pp. 221-231
    • Chen, S.Y.1    Lee, Y.C.2    Alas, V.3    Greene, M.4    Brixner, D.5
  • 180
    • 84882243181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and antihyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study
    • PID: 23889588
    • Solini A, Penno G, Bonora E, Fondelli C, Orsi E, Trevisan R, Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Study Group, et al. Age, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and antihyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61:1253–61.
    • (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.61 , pp. 1253-1261
    • Solini, A.1    Penno, G.2    Bonora, E.3    Fondelli, C.4    Orsi, E.5    Trevisan, R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.