Ovarian/primary peritoneal carcinoma

Serous Effusions: Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 47-68

  Davidson, Ben ^a  

^a OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948150580     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-85729-697-9_3     Document Type: Chapter

References (87)

1. American Cancer Society. Global Cancer Facts and Figures 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2008.
2. Berek JS, Bast RC Jr. Ovarian cancer. In: Kufe DW, Bast RC Jr, Hait WM, Hong WK, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Holland JF, Frei E III, eds. Cancer Medicine. 7th edn. Chap. 104. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc, 2006:1543-1568.
3. McLemore MR, Miaskowski C, Aouizerat BE, Chen LM, Dodd MJ. Epidemiological and genetic factors associated with ovarian cancer. Cancer Nurs. 2009;32:281-288.
4. Cannistra SA. Cancer of the ovary. N Engl J Med. 2004;351: 2519-2529.
5. Jacob IJ, Shepherd JH, Oran DH, et al., eds. Ovarian Cancer. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
6. Holschneider CH, Berek JS. Ovarian cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prognostic factors. Semin Surg Oncol. 2000;19:3-10.
7. Hennessy BT, Coleman RL, Markman M. Ovarian cancer. Lancet. 2009;374:1371-1382.
8. Kurman RJ, Visvanathan K, Roden R, Wu TC, Shih IEM. Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer: shifting from early stage to minimal volume of disease based on a new model of carcinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:351-356.
9. Heintz AP, Odicino F, Quinn MA Maisonneuve P, et al. Carcinoma of the ovary. FIGO 6th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;95(Suppl 1):S161-S192.
10. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin. 2009;59:225-249.
11. Nossov V, Amneus M, Su F, et al. The early detection of ovarian cancer: from traditional methods to proteomics. Can we really do better than serum CA-125? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:215-223.
12. Weinberg LE, Rodriguez G, Hurteau JA. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101:334-343.
13. Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Huang HQ Wenzel L, et al. Gynecologic Oncology Group. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:34-43.
14. Rao G, Crispens M, Rothenberg ML. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: overview and perspective. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2867-2872.
15. Hirabayashi K, Graham J. The genesis of ascites in ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970;106:492-497.
16. Feldman GB, Knapp RC, Order SE, Hellman S. The role of lymphatic obstruction in the formation of ascites in a murine ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1972;32:1663-1666.
17. Nagy JA, Masse EM, Herzberg KT, et al. Pathogenesis of ascites tumor growth: vascular permeability factor, vascular hyperpermeability, and ascites tumor accumulation. Cancer Res. 1995;55:360-368.
18. Nagy JA, Meyers MS, Masse EM, Herzberg KT, Dvorak HF. Pathogenesis of ascites tumor growth: fibrinogen influx and fibrin accumulation in tissues lining the peritoneal cavity. Cancer Res. 1995;55:369-375.
19. Nagy JA, Morgan ES, Herzberg KT, Manseau EJ, Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF. Pathogenesis of ascites tumor growth: angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and stroma formation in the peritoneal lining. Cancer Res. 1995;55:376-385.
20. Sorbe B, Frankendal B. Prognostic importance of ascites in ovarian carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1983;62:415-418.
21. Shen-Gunther J, Mannel RS. Ascites as a predictor of ovarian malignancy. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;87:77-83.
22. Rice LW, Mark SD, Berkowitz RS, Goff BA, Lage JM. Clinicopathologic variables, operative characteristics, and DNA ploidy in predicting outcome in ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;86:379-385.
23. Ayhan A, Gultekin M, Taskiran C, et al. Ascites and epithelial ovarian cancers: a reappraisal with respect to different aspects. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2007;17:68-75.
24. Chi DS, Liao JB, Leon LF, et al. Identification of prognostic factors in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;82:532-537.
25. Clark TG, Stewart ME, Altman DG, Gabra H, Smyth JF. A prognostic model for ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2001;85:944-952.
26. Puls LE, Duniho T, Hunter JE, Kryscio R, Blackhurst D, Gallion H. The prognostic implication of ascites in advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1996;61:109-112.
27. Makar AP, Baekelandt M, Tropé CG, Kristensen GB. The prognostic significance of residual disease, FIGO substage, tumor histology, and grade in patients with FIGO stage III ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1995;56:175-180.
28. Omura GA, Brady MF, Homesley HD, et al. Long-term follow-up and prognostic factor analysis in advanced ovarian carcinoma: the Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1138-1150.
29. Curtin JP, Malik R, Venkatraman ES, Barakat RR, Hoskins WJ. Stage IV ovarian cancer: impact of surgical debulking. Gynecol Oncol. 1997;64:9-12.
30. Bristow RE, Montz FJ, Lagasse LD, Leuchter RS, Karlan BY. Survival impact of surgical cytoreduction in stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1999;72:278-287.
31. Akahira JI, Yoshikawa H, Shimizu Y, et al. Prognostic factors of stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;81:398-403.
32. Bonnefoi H, A'Hern RP, Fisher C, et al. Natural history of stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:767-775.
33. Dauplat J, Hacker NF, Nieberg RK, Berek JS, Rose TP, Sagae S. Distant metastases in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 1987;60:1561-1566.
34. Liu PC, Benjamin I, Morgan MA, King SA, Mikuta JJ, Rubin SC. Effect of surgical debulking on survival in stage IV ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1997;64:4-8.
35. Soslow RA. Histologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma: an overview. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2008;27:161-174.
36. Dubeau L. The cell of origin of ovarian epithelial tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:1191-1197.
37. Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N. Serous papillary peritoneal carcinoma: unknown primary tumour, ovarian cancer counterpart or a distinct entity? A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;75:27-42.
38. Carlson JW, Miron A, Jarboe EA, et al. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: its potential role in primary peritoneal serous carcinoma and serous cancer prevention. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4160-4165.
39. Pereira TC, Saad RS, Liu Y, Silverman JF. The diagnosis of malignancy in effusion cytology: a pattern recognition approach. Adv Anat Pathol. 2006;13:174-184.
40. Yu GH, Sack MJ, Baloch ZW, DeFrias DV, Gupta PK. Occurrence of intercellular spaces (windows) in metastatic adenocarcinoma in serous fluids: a cytomorphologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural study. Diagn Cytopathol. 1999;20:115-119.
41. Ito H, Hirasawa T, Yasuda M, Osamura RY, Tsutsumi Y. Excessive formation of basement membrane substance in clear-cell carcinoma of the ovary: diagnostic value of the "raspberry body" in ascites cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 1997;16:500-504.
42. Ahr A, Arnold G, Göhring UJ, Costa S, Scharl A, Gauwerky JF. Cytology of ascitic fluid in a patient with metastasizing malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary. A case report. Acta Cytol. 1997;41(4 Suppl):1299-1304.
43. Driss M, Mrad K, Dhouib R, Doghri R, Abbes I, Ben Romdhane K. Ascitic fluid cytology in malignant Brenner tumor: a case report. Acta Cytol. 2010;54:598-600.
44. Motoyama T, Watanabe H. Ascitic fluid cytologic features of a malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary. Acta Cytol. 1987;31:63-67.
45. Murugan P, Siddaraju N, Sridhar E, Soundararaghavan J, Habeebullah S. Unusual ovarian malignancies in ascitic fluid: a report of 2 cases. Acta Cytol. 2010;54:611-617.
46. Valente PT, Schantz HD, Edmonds PR, Hanjani P. Peritoneal cytology of uncommon ovarian tumors. Diagn Cytopathol. 1992;8:98-106.
47. Ikeda K, Tate G, Suzuki T, Mitsuya T. Cytomorphologic features of immature ovarian teratoma in peritoneal effusion: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2005;33:39-42.
48. Geisinger KR, Hajdu SI, Helson L. Exfoliative cytology of nonlymphoreticular neoplasms in children. Acta Cytol. 1984;28:16-28.
49. Selvaggi SM, Guidos BJ. Immature teratoma of the ovary on fluid cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 2001;25:411-414.
50. Selvaggi SM. Cytologic features of malignant ovarian monodermal teratoma with an ependymal component in peritoneal washings. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1992;11:299-303.
51. Kashimura M, Tsukamoto N, Matsuyama T, Kashimura Y, Sugimori H, Taki I. Cytologic findings of ascites from patients with ovarian dysgerminoma. Acta Cytol. 1983;27:59-62.
52. Hajdu SI, Nolan MA. Exfoliative cytology of malignant germ cell tumors. Acta Cytol. 1975;19:255-260.
53. Roncalli M, Gribaudi G, Simoncelli D, Servida E. Cytology of yolk-sac tumor of the ovary in ascitic fluid. Report of a case. Acta Cytol. 1988;32:113-116.
54. Davidson B, Abeler VM. Primary ovarian angiosarcoma presenting as malignant cells in ascites: case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 2005;32:307-309.
55. Hirakawa E, Kobayashi S, Miki H, et al. Ascitic fluid cytology of adenosarcoma of the ovary: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2001;24:343-346.
56. Delahaye M, van der Ham F, van der Kwast TH. Complementary value of five carcinoma markers for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma metastasis, and reactive mesothelium in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol. 1997;17:115-120.
57. Motherby H, Kube M, Friedrichs N, et al. Immunocytochemistry and DNA-image cytometry in diagnostic effusion cytology I. Prevalence of markers in tumour cell positive and negative smears. Anal Cell Pathol. 1999;19:7-20.
58. Maguire B, Whitaker D, Carrello S, Spagnolo D. Monoclonal antibody Ber-EP4: its use in the differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and carcinoma in cell blocks of malignant effusions and FNA specimens. Diagn Cytopathol. 1994;10:130-134.
59. Davidson B, Risberg B, Kristensen G, et al. Detection of cancer cells in effusions from patients diagnosed with gynaecological malignancies. Evaluation of five epithelial markers. Virchows Arch. 1999;435:43-49.
60. Davidson B, Nielsen S, Christensen J, et al. The role of Desmin and N-cadherin in effusion cytology: a comparative study using established markers of mesothelial and epithelial cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:1405-1412.
61. Yuan Y, Nymoen DA, Tuft Stavnes H, et al. Tenascin-X is a novel diagnostic marker of malignant mesothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1673-1682.
62. Ordóñez NG. Value of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing peritoneal mesothelioma from serous carcinoma of the ovary and peritoneum: a review and update. Adv Anat Pathol. 2006;13:16-25.
63. Fetsch PA, Abati A, Hijazi YM. Utility of the antibodies CA 19-9, HBME-1, and thrombomodulin in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma in cytology. Cancer. 1998;84:101-108.
64. Reich R, Vintman L, Nielsen S, et al. Differential expression of the 67 kilodalton laminin receptor in malignant mesothelioma and carcinomas that spread to serosal cavities. Diagn Cytopathol. 2005;33: 332-337.
65. Kleinberg L, Holth A, Fridman E, Schwartz I, Shih IeM, Davidson B. The diagnostic role of claudins in serous effusions. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127:928-937.
66. Davidson B, Baekelandt M, Shih IeM. MUC4 is upregulated in ovarian carcinoma effusions and differentiates carcinoma cells from mesothelial cells. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007;35:756-760.
67. Davidson B, Skrede M, Silins I, Shih IeM, Trope' CG, Flørenes VA. Low molecular weight cyclin E forms differentiate ovarian carcinoma from cells of mesothelial origin and are associated with poor survival in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2007;110:1264-1271.
68. Wieczorek TJ, Krane JF. Diagnostic utility of calretinin immunohistochemistry in cytologic cell block preparations. Cancer. 2000;90:312-319.
69. Afify AM, Stern R, Michael CW. Differentiation of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma in serous effusions: the role of hyaluronic acid and CD44 localization. Diagn Cytopathol. 2005;32:145-150.
70. McKnight R, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Utility of paired box gene 8 (PAX8) expression in fluid and fine-needle aspiration cytology: an immunohistochemical study of metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol. 2010;118:298-302.
71. Zhu W, Michael CW. WT1, monoclonal CEA, TTF1, and CA125 antibodies in the differential diagnosis of lung, breast, and ovarian adenocarcinomas in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007;35:370-375.
72. Hecht JL, Lee BH, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS. The value of Wilms tumor susceptibility gene 1 in cytologic preparations as a marker for malignant mesothelioma. Cancer. 2002;96:105-109.
73. Ascoli V, Carnovale-Scalzo C, Taccogna S, Nardi F. Utility of HBME-1 immunostaining in serous effusions. Cytopathology. 1997;8:328-335.
74. Bassarova AV, Nesland JM, Davidson B. D2-40 is not a specific marker for cells of mesothelial origin in serous effusions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:878-882.
75. Hanna A, Pang Y, Bedrossian CW, Dejmek A, Michael CW. Podoplanin is a useful marker for identifying mesothelioma in malignant effusions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38:264-269.
76. Al-Hussaini M, Stockman A, Foster H, McCluggage WG. WT-1 assists in distinguishing ovarian from uterine serous carcinoma and in distinguishing between serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Histopathology. 2004;44:109-115.
77. Hashi A, Yuminamochi T, Murata S, Iwamoto H, Honda T, Hoshi K. Wilms tumor gene immunoreactivity in primary serous carcinomas of the fallopian tube, ovary, endometrium, and peritoneum. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2003;22:374-377.
78. Han L, Pansare V, Al-Abbadi M, Husain M, Feng J. Combination of MUC5ac and WT-1 immunohistochemistry is useful in distinguishing pancreatic ductal carcinoma from ovarian serous carcinoma in effusion cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38: 333-336.
79. Nonaka D, Chiriboga L, Soslow RA. Expression of pax8 as a useful marker in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas from mammary carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:1566-1571.
80. Tong GX, Devaraj K, Hamele-Bena D, Yu WM, Turk A, Chen X, Wright JD, Greenebaum E. PAX8: A marker for carcinoma of Müllerian origin in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;39: 567-574.
81. Wiseman W, Michael CW, Roh MH. Diagnostic utility of PAX8 and PAX2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of metastatic Müllerian carcinoma in effusions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;39:651-656.
82. Kato N, Toukairin M, Asanuma I, Motoyama T. Immunocytochemistry for hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta): a marker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007;35:193-197.
83. DeLair D, Oliva E, Köbel M, Macias A, Gilks CB, Soslow RA. Morphologic spectrum of immunohistochemically characterized clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a study of 155 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35:36-44.
84. McCluggage WG, Wilkinson N. Metastatic neoplasms involving the ovary: a review with an emphasis on morphological and immunohistochemical features. Histopathology. 2005;47: 231-247.
85. Leroy X, Farine MO, Buob D, Wacrenier A, Copin MC. Diagnostic value of cytokeratin 7, CD10 and mesothelin in distinguishing ovarian clear cell carcinoma from metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma. Histopathology. 2007;51:874-876.
86. Gokden N, Gokden M, Phan DC, McKenney JK. The utility of PAX-2 in distinguishing metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from its morphologic mimics: an immunohistochemical study with comparison to renal cell carcinoma marker. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:1462-1467.
87. Sugai M, Umezu H, Yamamoto T, et al. Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in primary ovarian mucinous tumors. Pathol Int. 2008;58:681-686.