Breastfeeding and the risk of dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics

Volumn 104, Issue , 2015, Pages 62-84

  Tham, R ^a   Bowatte, G ^a   Dharmage, Sc ^a,b   Tan, Dj ^a,c   Lau, Mxz ^a   Dai, X ^a   Allen, Kj ^b,d   Lodge, Cj ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breastfeeding; Child; Dental caries; Meta analysis; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

BEVERAGE; BOTTLE FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING EDUCATION; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DENTAL CARIES; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; MOUTH HYGIENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOFT DRINK; SUGAR INTAKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADVERSE EFFECTS; CHILD; FEMALE; INFANT; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); TIME FACTOR;

SUGAR INTAKE;

BREAST FEEDING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DENTAL CARIES; DIETARY SUCROSE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; ORAL HYGIENE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84947250897     PISSN: 08035253     EISSN: 16512227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/apa.13118     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Petersen PE,. The World Oral Health Report. In: World Health Organisation, editor Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2003.
2. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB,. Dental caries. Lancet 2007; 369: 51-9.
3. Sheiham A,. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J 2006; 201: 625-6.
4. Casamassimo PS, Thikkurissy S, Edelstein BL, Maiorini E,. Beyond the dmft: the human and economic cost of early childhood caries. J Am Dent Assoc 2009; 140: 650-7.
5. Gionet L,. Breastfeeding trends in Canada. Health at a Glance. Canada: Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X, 2013.
6. Madan C, Kruger E, Perera I, Tennant M,. Trends in demand for general anaesthetic care for paediatric caries in Western Australia: geographic and socio-economic modelling of service utilisation. Int Dent J 2010; 60: 190-6.
7. Takahashi N, Nyvad B,. The role of bacteria in the caries process: ecological perspectives. J Dent Res 2011; 90: 294-303.
8. Tanzer J, Livingston J, Thompson A,. The microbiology of primary dental caries in humans. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 1028-37.
9. Danielsson Niemi L, Hernell O, Johansson I,. Human milk compounds inhibiting adhesion of mutans streptococci to host ligand-coated hydroxyapatite in vitro. Caries Res 2009; 43: 171-8.
10. Holgerson PL, Vestman NR, Claesson R, Ohman C, Domellof M, Tanner AC, et al., Oral microbial profile discriminates breast-fed from formula-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 56: 127-36.
11. The American Dental Association. Tooth eruption: the primary teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 2005; 136: 1619.
12. World Health Organization. Infant and young child feeding. Fact Sheet No 342. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/February 2004. (accessed on 10th April 2015).
13. unicef GLOBAL DATABASES. Infant and young child feeding. In: data.unicef.org, editor. Available at: http://data.unicef.org/nutrition/iycf. (accessed on April 30, 2015) October 2014.
14. Li R, Fein SB, Chen J, Grummer-Strawn LM,. Why mothers stop breastfeeding: mothers' self-reported reasons for stopping during the first year. Pediatrics 2008; 122: (Suppl 2): S69-76.
15. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2010 Australian national infant feeding survey: indicator results. Canberra, Australia: AIHW, 2011.
16. Department of Health. Breastfeeding. Available at: http://www.health.gov.au/breastfeeding: Australian Government Department of Health. (accessed on 11th April 2015).
17. Valaitis R, Hesch R, Passarelli C, Sheehan D, Sinton J,. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health 2000; 91: 411-7.
18. Salone LR, Vann WF, Dee DL,. Breastfeeding: an overview of oral and general health benefits. J Am Dent Assoc 2013; 144: 143-51.
19. White V,. Breastfeeding and the risk of early childhood caries. Evid Based Dent 2008; 9: 86-8.
20. Ribeiro NM, Ribeiro MA,. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries: a critical review. J Pediatr 2004; 80: S199-210.
21. Leong PM, Gussy MG, Barrow SY, de Silva-Sanigorski A, Waters E,. A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23: 235-50.
22. Wells G, Shea B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al., The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical-epidemiology/oxford.asp. (accessed on 30th November 2014).
23. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P, et al., GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence-study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64: 407-15.
24. PRISMA. PRISMA Statement-preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. www.prisma-statement.org/. Accessed 30th November 2014
25. Feldens CA, Giugliani ERJ, Vigo A, Vítolo MR,. Early feeding practices and severe early childhood caries in four-year-old children from southern Brazil: a birth cohort study. Caries Res 2010; 44: 445-52.
26. Chaffee BW, Feldens CA, Vitolo MR,. Association of long-duration breastfeeding and dental caries estimated with marginal structural models. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24: 448-54.
27. Feldens CA, Giugliani ER, Duncan BB, Drachler Mde L, Vitolo MR,. Long-term effectiveness of a nutritional program in reducing early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 324-32.
28. Kramer MS, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Aboud F, Mazer B, Fombonne E, et al., Health and development outcomes in 6.5-y-old children breastfed exclusively for 3 or 6 mo. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1070-4.
29. Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Zhang X, Shishko G, et al., The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. Caries Res 2007; 41: 484-8.
30. Feldens CA, Vítolo MR, Drachler Mde L,. A randomized trial of the effectiveness of home visits in preventing early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35: 215-23.
31. Hong L, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Broffitt B,. Infant breast-feeding and childhood caries: a nine-year study. Pediatr Dent 2014; 36: 342-7.
32. Silver DH,. A longitudinal study of infant feeding practice, diet and caries, related to social class in children aged 3 and 8-10 years. Br Dent J 1987; 163: 296-300.
33. Tada A, Ando Y, Hanada N,. Caries risk factors among three-year old children in Chiba, Japan. Asia Pac J Public Health 1999; 11: 109-12.
34. Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Hirota Y,. Infant feeding practices and risk of dental caries in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Pediatr Dent 2013; 35: 267-71.
35. Thitasomakul S, Piwat S, Thearmontree A, Chankanka O, Pithpornchaiyakul W, Madyusoh S,. Risks for early childhood caries analyzed by negative binomial models. J Dent Res 2009; 88: 137-41.
36. van Palenstein Helderman WH, Soe W, van't Hof MA,. Risk factors of early childhood caries in a Southeast Asian population. J Dent Res 2006; 85: 85-8.
37. Yonezu T, Ushida N, Yakushiji M,. Longitudinal study of prolonged breast- or bottle-feeding on dental caries in Japanese children. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2006; 47: 157-60.
38. Ollila P, Larmas M,. A seven-year survival analysis of caries onset in primary second molars and permanent first molars in different caries risk groups determined at age two years. Acta Odontol Scand 2007; 65: 29-35.
39. Bahuguna R, Younis Khan S, Jain A,. Influence of feeding practices on dental caries. A case-control study. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013; 14: 55-8.
40. Matee M, van't Hof M, Maselle S, Mikx F, van Palenstein Helderman W,. Nursing caries, linear hypoplasia, and nursing and weaning habits in Tanzanian infants. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994; 22: 289-93.
41. Roberts GJ, Cleaton-Jones PE, Fatti LP, Richardson BD, Sinwel RE, Hargreaves JA, et al., Patterns of breast and bottle feeding and their association with dental caries in 1- to 4-year-old South African children. 2. A case control study of children with nursing caries. Community Dent Health 1994; 11: 38-41.
42. Alaluusua S, Myllarniemi S, Kallio M, Salmenpera L, Tainio VM,. Prevalence of caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci in 5-year-old children in relation to duration of breast feeding. Scand J Dent Res 1990; 98: 193-6.
43. al-Dashti AA, Williams SA, Curzon ME,. Breast feeding, bottle feeding and dental caries in Kuwait, a country with low-fluoride levels in the water supply. Community Dent Health 1995; 12: 42-7.
44. Azevedo TD, Bezerra AC, de Toledo OA,. Feeding habits and severe early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2005; 27: 28-33.
45. Campus G, Solinas G, Strohmenger L, Cagetti MG, Senna A, Minelli L, et al., National pathfinder survey on children's oral health in Italy: pattern and severity of caries disease in 4-year-olds. Caries Res 2009; 43: 155-62.
46. Cariño KMG, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y,. Early childhood caries in northern Philippines. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31: 81-9.
47. Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R,. Caries and its association with infant feeding and oral health-related behaviours in 3-4-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28: 241-8.
48. Du M, Bian Z, Guo L, Holt R, Champion J, Bedi R,. Caries patterns and their relationship to infant feeding and socio-economic status in 2-4-year-old Chinese children. Int Dent J 2000; 50: 385-9.
49. Dye BA, Shenkin JD, Ogden CL, Marshall TA, Levy SM, Kanellis MJ,. The relationship between healthful eating practices and dental caries in children aged 2-5 years in the United States, 1988-1994. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135: 55-66.
50. Folayan MO, Sowole CA, Owotade FJ, Sote E,. Impact of infant feeding practices on caries experience of preschool children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010; 34: 297-301.
51. Forsman B, Ericsson Y,. Breastfeeding, formula feeding and dental health in low-fluoride districts in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1974; 2: 1-6.
52. Hallett KB, O'Rourke PK,. Social and behavioural determinants of early childhood caries. Aust Dent J 2003; 48: 27-33.
53. Hallonsten AL, Wendt LK, Mejare I, Birkhed D, Hakansson C, Lindvall AM, et al., Dental caries and prolonged breast-feeding in 18-month-old Swedish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1995; 5: 149-55.
54. Haq ME, Begum K, Muttalib MA, Shahidullah M,. Prevalence of caries in urban children and its relation to feeding pattern. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1985; 11: 55-63.
55. Hardy NR,. The effect of breast feeding in infancy on the D.M.F. ratio of deciduous canine and molar teeth in children below seven years of age. Apex 1978; 10: 7-8.
56. Harrison R, Wong T, Ewan C, Contreras B, Phung Y,. Feeding practices and dental caries in an urban Canadian population of Vietnamese preschool children. ASDC J Dent Child 1997; 64: 112-7.
57. Holt RD, Joels D, Winter GB,. Caries in pre-school children. The Camden study. Br Dent J 1982; 153: 107-9.
58. Hong CHL, Bagramian RA, Hashim Nainar SM, Straffon LH, Shen L, Hsu C-YS,. High caries prevalence and risk factors among young preschool children in an urban community with water fluoridation. Int J Pediatr Dent 2014; 24: 32-42.
59. Iida H, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M,. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics 2007; 120: e944-52.
60. Johansson I, Holgerson PL, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Tanner AC,. Snacking habits and caries in young children. Caries Res 2010; 44: 421-30.
61. Livny A, Assali R, Sgan-Cohen HD,. Early Childhood Caries among a Bedouin community residing in the eastern outskirts of Jerusalem. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 167.
62. Majorana A, Cagetti MG, Bardellini E, Amadori F, Conti G, Strohmenger L, et al., Feeding and smoking habits as cumulative risk factors for early childhood caries in toddlers, after adjustment for several behavioral determinants: a retrospective study. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14: 1471-2431.
63. Masumo R, Bardsen A, Mashoto K, Astrom AN,. Prevalence and socio-behavioral influence of early childhood caries, ECC, and feeding habits among 6-36 months old children in Uganda and Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 2012; 12: 1472-6831.
64. Mattos-Graner RO, Zelante F, Line R, Mayer MPA,. Association between caries prevalence and clinical, microbiological and dietary variables in 1.0 to 2.5-year-old Brazilian children. Caries Res 1998; 32: 319-23.
65. Nobile CG, Fortunato L, Bianco A, Pileggi C, Pavia M,. Pattern and severity of early childhood caries in Southern Italy: a preschool-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 1471-2458.
66. Nunes AMM, Alves CMC, Araújo F, Ortiz TML, Ribeiro MRC, Silva AAMD, et al., Association between prolonged breast-feeding and early childhood caries: a hierarchical approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 542-9.
67. Perera PJ, Fernando MP, Warnakulasooriya TD, Ranathunga N,. Effect of feeding practices on dental caries among preschool children: a hospital based analytical cross sectional study. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2014; 23: 272-7.
68. Prakash P, Subramaniam P, Durgesh BH, Konde S,. Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Dent 2012; 6: 141-52.
69. Prakasha Shrutha S, Vinit GB, Giri KY, Alam S,. Feeding practices and early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study of preschool children in kanpur district, India. ISRN Dent 2013; 5: 275193. doi: 10.1155/2013/275193. eCollection 2013.
70. Qadri G, Nourallah A, Splieth CH,. Early childhood caries and feeding practices in kindergarten children. Quintessence Int 2012; 43: 503-10.
71. Retnakumari N, Cyriac G,. Childhood caries as influenced by maternal and child characteristics in pre-school children of Kerala-an epidemiological study. Contemp Clin Dent 2012; 3: 2-8.
72. Rosenblatt A, Zarzar P,. Breast-feeding and early childhood caries: an assessment among Brazilian infants. Int J Pediatr Dent 2004; 14: 439-45.
73. Sankeshwari RM, Ankola AV, Tangade PS, Hebbal MI,. Feeding habits and oral hygiene practices as determinants of early childhood caries in 3- to 5-year-old children of Belgaum City, India. Oral Health Prev Dent 2012; 10: 283-90.
74. Santos AP, Soviero VM,. Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months. Pesqui Odontol Bras 2002; 16: 203-8.
75. Sayegh A, Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R,. Caries prevalence and patterns and their relationship to social class, infant feeding and oral hygiene in 4-5-year-old children in Amman, Jordan. Community Dent Health 2002; 19: 144-51.
76. Sayegh A, Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi R,. Oral health, sociodemographic factors, dietary and oral hygiene practices in Jordanian children. J Dent 2005; 33: 379-88.
77. Serwint JR, Mungo R, Negrete VF, Duggan AK, Korsch BM,. Child-rearing practices and nursing caries. Pediatrics 1993; 92: 233-7.
78. Slabsinskiene E, Milciuviene S, Narbutaite J, Vasiliauskiene I, Andruskeviciene V, Bendoraitiene EA, et al., Severe early childhood caries and behavioral risk factors among 3-year-old children in Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas) 2010; 46: 135-41.
79. Songo BF, Declerck D, Vinckier F, Mbuyi MD, Pilipili CM, Kayembe KP,. Caries experience and related factors in 4-6 year-olds attending dental clinics in Kinshasa, DR of Congo. Community Dent Health 2013; 30: 257-62.
80. Tanaka K, Miyake Y,. Association between breastfeeding and dental caries in Japanese children. J Epidemiol 2012; 22: 72-7.
81. Tiano AV, Moimaz SA, Saliba O, Saliba NA,. Dental caries prevalence in children up to 36 months of age attending daycare centers in municipalities with different water fluoride content. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17: 39-44.
82. Tyagi R,. The prevalence of nursing caries in Davangere preschool children and its relationship with feeding practices and socioeconomic status of the family. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26: 153-7.
83. Vachirarojpisan T, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y, Laungwechakan P, Somkote T, Detsomboonrat P,. Early childhood caries in children aged 6-19 months. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 133-42.
84. Vazquez-Nava F, Vazquez RE, Saldivar GA, Beltran GF, Almeida AV, Vazquez RC,. Allergic rhinitis, feeding and oral habits, toothbrushing and socioeconomic status. Effects on development of dental caries in primary dentition. Caries Res 2008; 42: 141-7.
85. Wendt LK, Birkhed D,. Dietary habits related to caries development and immigrant status in infants and toddlers living in Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand 1995; 53: 339-44.
86. Yonezu T, Yotsuya K, Yakushiji M,. Characteristics of breast-fed children with nursing caries. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2007; 47: 161-5.
87. The World Bank. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/. http://www.worldbank.org/. (accessed on 20th Feb 2015).
88. Vadiakas G,. Case definition, aetiology and risk assessment of early childhood caries (ECC): a revisited review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008; 9: 114-25.
89. Kerr CA, Grice DM, Tran CD, Bauer DC, Li D, Hendry P, et al., Early life events influence whole-of-life metabolic health via gut microflora and gut permeability. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2015; 2015: 326-40.
90. Peres RC, Coppi LC, Volpato MC, Groppo FC, Cury JA, Rosalen PL,. Cariogenic potential of cows', human and infant formula milks and effect of fluoride supplementation. Br J Nutr 2009; 101: 376-82.
91. Bowen WH, Lawrence RA,. Comparison of the cariogenicity of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk, and sucrose. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 921-6.