Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study

European Journal of Dentistry

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 141-152

  Prakash, Prashanth ^a   Subramaniam, Priya ^b   Durgesh, B H ^c   Konde, Sapna ^d  

^a Department of Pediatric Dentistry   (India)

^b KIMS Hospital and Research Center   (India)

^c KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^d AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre   (India)

Author keywords

Early childhood caries; Feeding habits; Oral hygiene; Preschool; Prevalence; Socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861175367     PISSN: 13057456     EISSN: 13057464     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698943     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Davies GN. Early Childhood Caries - a synopsis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:106-116.
2. Jose B, King NM. Early Childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala, India. Pediatr Dent 2003;25:594-600.
3. Ismail AI, Sohn W. A systematic review of clinical diagnostic criteria of Early Childhood Caries. J Public Health Dent 1999;59:171-191.
4. Huntington NL, Kim IJ, Hughes CV. Caries-risk factors for Hispanic children affected by early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:536-542.
5. Matee M, van't Hof M, Maselle S, Mikx F, van Palenstein HW. Nursing caries, linear hypoplasia, and nursing and weaning habits in Tanzanian infants. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22:289-293.
6. Kelly M, Bruerd B. The prevalence of baby bottle tooth decay among two native American populations. J Public Health Dent 1987;47:94-97.
7. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Reference Manual 2002 - 03. Policies on Early Childhood Caries; Unique Challenges and Treatment Options. Pediatr Dent 2003;23:24-25.
8. Ripa LW. Nursing caries: a comprehensive review. Pediatr Dent 1988;10:268-282.
9. Curson MEJ, Preston MEJ. Risk Groups: Nursing bottle caries/caries in elderly. Caries Res 2004;38:24-27.
10. Quinonez R, Santos RG, Wilson S, Cross H. The relationship between child temperament and early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2001;23:5-10.
11. Filho NE, Mayer MPA, Pontes P, Pignatari ACC. Caries prevalence, levels of mutans streptococci, and gingival and plaque indices in 3.0 to 5.0-year- old mouth-breathing children. Caries Res 2004;38:572-575.
12. Perssini S. Pacifier use and early childhood caries. An evidence-based study of literature. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:16-22.
13. Tinanoff N, O'Sullivan DM. Early Childhood Caries: overview and recent findings. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:12-15.
14. Wyne AH. Early childhood caries: nomenclature and case definition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27:313-315.
15. Reisine S, Douglass JM. Psychosocial and behavioral issues in early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:32-44.
16. Albert RJ, Cantin RY, Cross HG, Castaldi CR. Nursing caries in the Inuit children of the Keewatin. J Can Dent Assoc 1988;54:751-758.
17. Shaw L, Clark DC, Edger NP. The oral health status of Cree children living in Chisasibi, Quebec. J Can Dent Assoc 1987;53:201-205.
18. Kagihara LE, Niederhauser VP, Stark M. Assessment, management and prevention of Early Childhood caries. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2009;21:1-10.
19. Casamassimo PS, Thikkurissy S, Edelstein B, Maiorini E. Beyond the dmft: The human and Economic cost of Early childhood caries. J Am Dent Assoc 2009;140:650-657.
20. Acs G, Shulman R, Ng MW, Chussid S. The effect of dental rehabilitation on the body weight of children with early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21:109-113.
21. Hallett KB, O'Rourke PK. Social and behavioural determinants of early childhood caries. Aust Dent J 2003;48:27-33.
22. O'Sullivan DM, Tinnanoff N. Social and biological factors contributing to caries of the maxillary anterior teeth. Pediatr Dent 1993;15:41-44.
23. Peretz B, Kafka I. Baby bottle tooth decay and complications during pregnancy and delivery. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:34-36.
24. Horowitz HS. Research issues in early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:67-81.
25. Kalnellis MJ, Damiano PC, Momary ET. Medication costs associated with the hospitalization of young children for restorative treatment under general anesthesia. J Public Health Dent 2000;60:28-32.
26. Burt BA, Eklund SA. Dentistry, dental practice, and the community. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders 1999:227-228.
27. Wan AKL, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. Oral colonization of Streptococcus mutans in six-month-old predentate infants. J Dent Res 2001;80:2060-2065.
28. World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys - basic methods. Geneva: WHO; 1997.
29. World Health Organization, Guidelines for mothers of low birth weight children, 2004
30. Johnson NW. Dental Caries: Markers of high and low risk groups and individuals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
31. Virjee K, Aradhya SMR. Caries pattern in urban and non-urban children 4-51/2 year old. J Indian Dent Assoc 1987;59:113-116.
32. Silver DH. A comparison of 3-year-olds' caries experience in 1973, 1981 and 1989 in a Hertfordshire town, related to family behaviour and social class. Br Dent J 1992;172:191-197.
33. Wendt LK, Hallonsten AL, Koch G. Dental caries in one- and two-year-old children living in Sweden. Part I-A longitudinal study. Swed Dent J 1991;15:1-6.
34. Harrison RL, Davis DW. Caries experience of Native children of British Columbia, Canada, 1980-1988. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993;21:102-107.
35. Damle SG. Epidemiology of Dental Caries in India. In: Pediatric Dentistry. Arya Publishing House, New Delhi 2002;75-96.
36. Ibrahim S, Nishimura M, Matsumura S, Rodis OMM, Nishida A, Yamanaka K, Shimono T. A longitudinal study of early childhood caries risk, dental caries and lifestyle. Pediatric Dent J 2009;19:174-180.
37. Livny A, Assali R, Sgan-Cohen HD. Early child hood caries among a Bedouin community residing in eastern outskirts of Jerusalem. BMC Public Health 2007;7:167
38. Seow WK. Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26:8-27.
39. Shulman JD. Is there an association between low birth weight and caries in the primary dentition? Caries Res 2005;39:161-167.
40. Lai PY, Seow WK, Tudehope DI, Rogers Y. Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in very-low birth weight children: a casecontrolled, longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:42-49.
41. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Brook AH, Williams DM. Enamel defects in the primary dentition of children born weighing less than 2000gms. Br Dent J 1990;168:433-437.
42. Rodrigues CS, Sheiham A. The relationships between dietary guidelines, sugar intake and caries in primary teeth in low income Brazilian 3-year-olds: a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2000;10:47-55.
43. Chen M. Oral health of disadvantaged populations. In: Cohen L, Gift H, eds. Disease prevention and Oral Health promotion. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1995.
44. Jin B, Ma D, Moon H, Paik D, Hahn S, Horowitz AM. Early Childhood Caries: Prevalence and risk factors in Seoul, Korea. J Pub Health Dent 2003;63:183-188.
45. Schroth RJ, Moore P, Brothwell DJ. Prevalence of early child hood caries in four Mannitoba communities. J Can Dent Assoc 2005:71;567.
46. Petti S, Cairella G, Tarsitani G. Rampant Early Childhood Dental Decay: an example from Italy. J Pub Health Dent 2000;60:3.
47. Dini EL, Holt RD, Bedi J. Caries and its association with infant feeding and oral health related behaviours in 3-4 years old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000;28:241-248.
48. Iida H, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics 2007;120:944-952.
49. Valaitis R, Hesch R, Passarelli C, Sheehan D, Sinton J. A systematic review of the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries. Can J Public Health 2000;91:411-417.
50. Weinstein P, William F.S, Fraser-Lee N, Shimono T, Tsubouchi J. Epidemiologic study of 19-month-old Edmonton, Alberta children. Caries rates and risk factors. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;52: 60.
51. Oulis BJ, Verdouses ED, Vadiakas G, Lygidakis AJ. Feeding practices of Greek children with and without nursing caries. Pediatr Dent 1999;21:409-416.
52. Febres C, Echeverri EA, Keene HJ. Parental awareness, habits, and social factors and their relationship to baby bottle tooth decay. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:22-27.
53. Schwartz SS, Glenn Rosivack R, Michelotti P. A child's sleeping habit as a cause of nursing caries. ASDC J Dent Child 1993;53:22-25.
54. Nunn ME, Braunstein NS, Krall Kaye EA, Dietrich T, Garcia RI, Henshaw MM. Healthy Eating Index is a predictor of Early Childhood Caries. J Dent Res 2009;88:361-366.
55. Dye BA, Shenkin JD, Ogden CL, Marshall TA, Levy SM, Kanellis MJ. The relationship between healthful eating practices and dental caries in children aged 2-5 years in the United States, 1988-1994. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:55-66.
56. Slavkin HC. Streptococcus mutans, early childhood caries and new opportunities. J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:1787-1792.
57. Johansson I, Saeiinstrom AK, Rajan BP, Parameswaran A. Salivary flow and dental caries in Indian children suffering from chronic malnutrition. Caries Res 1992;26:38-43. 58
58. Marques APF, Messer LB. Nutrient intake and dental caries in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:314-321.
59. Teotia SPS, Teotia M. Dental caries: a disorder of high fluoride and low dietary calcium interactions. Fluoride 1994;27:59-66.
60. Peressini S. Pacifier use and early childhood caries: an evidence-based study of the literature. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:16-19.
61. Schroder U, Granath L. Dietary habits and oral hygiene as predictors of caries in 3 -year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1983;11:308-311.
62. Tsai Ai, Johnsen DC, Lin YH, Hsu KH. A study of risk factors associated with nursing caries in Taiwanese children aged 24-48 months. Int J Pediatr Dent 2001;11:147-149.
63. Loe H. Oral hygiene in prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Int Dent J 2000;50:129-139.
64. Dilley GJ, Dilley DH, Machen JB. Prolonged nursing habit: a profile of patients and their families. ASDC J Dent Child 1980;March:26-31.
65. King NM, Isabel IM, Wu Tsai JSJ. Caries prevalence and distribution and oral health habits of zero- to four old children in Macau, China. ASDC J Dent Child 2003;70:3-5.
66. Vanobbergen J, Martens L, Lesaffre E, Bogaerts K, Declerck D. Assessing risk indicators for dental caries in the primary dentition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001;29:424-434.
67. Davies GM, Worthington HV, Ellwood RP. A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of providing free fluoride toothpaste from the age of 12 months on reducing caries in 5-6 year old children. Community Dent Health 2002;19:131-136.
68. Tavener JA, Davies GM, Davies RM, Ellwood RP. The prevalence and severity of fluorosis in children who received toothpastecontaining either 440 or 1,450 ppm F from the age of 12 months in deprived and less deprived communities. Caries Res 2006;40:66-72.
69. Yasin-Hamekar S. Nursing Caries - A Review. Clinical Preventive Dentistry 1988;10:3-7.
70. Milgrom PM, Huebner CE, Ly KA. Fluoridated toothpaste and the prevention of early childhood caries: a failure to meet the needs of our young. J Am Dent Assoc 2009;140:628-630.
71. Weinstein P, Harrison R, Benton T. Motivating mothers to prevent caries: Confirming the beneficial effect of counseling. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137:789-793.
72. Mani SA, Aziz AA, John J, Ismail NM. Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health promoting factors among caretakers of children attending day-care centers in Kubang Kerian, Malaysia: A Preliminary study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prevent Dent 2010;28:78-83.