The prevalence of hepatitis C among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-Analysis

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 72, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 880-888

  Westermann, Claudia ^a   Peters, Claudia ^a   Lisiak, Birgitte ^b   Lamberti, Monica ^c   Nienhaus, Albert ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services   (Germany)

^c SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LABORATORY PERSONNEL; META ANALYSIS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

HEALTH PERSONNEL; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84947245408     PISSN: 13510711     EISSN: 14707926     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102879     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of viral hepatitis infection: framework for global action. Geneva, 2012:28.
2. Askarian M, Yadollahi M, Kuochak F, et al. Precautions for health care workers to avoid hepatitis B and C virus infection. Int J Occup Environ Med 2011;2:191-8.
3. Te HS, Jensen DM. Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses: A global overview. Clin Liver Dis 2010;14:1-21, vii.
4. Deuffic-Burban S, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Abiteboul D, et al. Blood-borne viruses in health care workers: prevention and management. J Clin Virol 2011;52:4-10.
5. Nienhaus A, Kesavachandran C, Wendeler D, et al. Infectious diseases in healthcare workers-An analysis of the standardised data set of a German compensation board. J Occup Med Toxicol 2012;7:8.
6. Elseviers MM, Arias-Guillen M, Gorke A, et al. Sharps injuries amongst healthcare workers: review of incidence, transmissions and costs. J Ren Care 2014;40:150-6.
7. Himmelreich H, Rabenau HF, Rindermann M, et al. The management of needlestick injuries. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2013;110:61-7.
8. Kubitschke A, Bahr MJ, Aslan N, et al. Induction of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cells by needle stick injury in the absence of HCV-viraemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2007;37:54-64.
9. Sulkowski MS, Ray SC, Thomas DL. Needlestick transmission of hepatitis C. JAMA 2002;287:2406-13.
10. Yazdanpanah Y, De CG, Migueres B, et al. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission to health care workers after occupational exposure: A European case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1423-30.
11. Wicker S, Rabenau HF, Haberl AE, et al. Blutöbertragbare Infektionen und die schwangere Mitarbeiterin im Gesundheitswesen. Risiko und Präventionsmabnahmen Blood-borne infections and the pregnant health care worker. Risks and preventive measures. Chirurg 2012;83:136-42.
12. Hofmann F, Kralj N, Beie M. Kanölenstichverletzungen im Gesundheitsdienst-Häufigkeiten, Ursachen und Präventionsstrategien Needle stick injuries in health care-frequency, causes und preventive strategies. Gesundheitswesen 2002;64:259-66.
13. Dulon M, Nienhaus A. Aktuelle Trends bei Infektionskrankheiten der Beschäftigten im Gesundheitsdienst-2008 bis 2012. In: Nienhaus A, ed. RiRe-Risiken und Ressourcen in Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege. Heidelberg: Ecomed Medizin, 2014:27-40.
14. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-Analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000;283:2008-12.
15. [No authors listed]. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of health-care worker exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 1998;47:1-33.
16. Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52:377-84.
17. Loney PL, Chambers LW, Bennett KJ, et al. Critical appraisal of the health research literature: prevalence or incidence of a health problem. Chronic Dis Can 1998;19:170-6.
18. Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochran handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.6. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
19. Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, et al. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg 2003;73:712-16.
20. Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2007;4:e297.
21. Hahne SJ, Veldhuijzen IK, Wiessing L, et al. Infection with hepatitis B and C virus in Europe: A systematic review of prevalence and cost-effectiveness of screening. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:181.
22. Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, et al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology 2013;57:1333-42.
23. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-Analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629-34.
24. Puro V, Petrosillo N, Ippolito G, et al. Occupational hepatitis C virus infection in Italian health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of Bloodborne Infections. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1272-5.
25. Maillard MF, Poynard T, Dubreuil P, et al. Prevalence of serum anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and risk factors of contamination in the personnel of a hospital in the Paris region. A prospective survey. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1996;20:1053-7.
26. Cooper BW, Krusell A, Tilton RC, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in high-risk hospital personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:82-5.
27. Ahmetagic S, Muminhodzic K, Cickusic E, et al. Hepatitis C infection in risk groups. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2006;6:13-17.
28. Daw MA, Elkaber MA, Drah AM, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among different populations of relative and attributable risk. Saudi Med J 2002;23:1356-60.
29. Mihaly I, Telegdy L, Ibranyi E, et al. Prevalence, genotype distribution and outcome of hepatitis C infections among the employees of the Hungarian Central Hospital for infectious diseases. J Hosp Infect 2001;49:239-44.
30. Gershon RR, Sherman M, Mitchell C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:24-30.
31. Ozsoy MF, Oncul O, Cavuslu S, et al. Seroprevalences of hepatitis B and C among health care workers in Turkey. J Viral Hepat 2003;10:150-6.
32. Klein RS, Freeman K, Taylor PE, et al. Occupational risk for hepatitis C virus infection among New York City dentists. Lancet 1991;338:1539-42.
33. Sermoneta-Gertel S, Donchin M, Adler R, et al. Hepatitis c virus infection in employees of a large university hospital in Israel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:754-61.
34. Thomas DL, Gruninger SE, Siew C, et al. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. Am J Med 1996;100:41-5.
35. Struve J, Aronsson B, Frenning B, et al. Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus infection among health care workers in Stockholm. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:360-2.
36. Braczkowska B, Kowalskan M, Zejda JE, et al. Prevalence and basic determinants of hepatitis C antibodies in medical students in Katowice, Poland. Przegl Lek 2006;63:539-42.
37. Fisker N, Mygind LH, Krarup HB, et al. Blood borne viral infections among Danish health care workers-frequent blood exposure but low prevalence of infection. Eur J Epidemiol 2004;19:61-7.
38. Ciorlia LA, Zanetta DM. Hepatitis C in health care professionals: prevalence and association with risk factors. Rev Saude Publica 2007;41:229-35.
39. Moens G, Vranckx R, de Greef L, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in a large sample of Belgian healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:209-12.
40. Thorburn D, Dundas D, McCruden EA, et al. A study of hepatitis C prevalence in healthcare workers in the West of Scotland. Gut 2001;48:116-20.
41. Djeriri K, Fontana L, Laurichesse H, et al. Seroprevalence of markers of viral hepatitis A, B and C in hospital personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center. Presse Med 1996;25:145-50.
42. Villate JI, Corral J, Aguirre C, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in hospital personnel. Med Clin (Barc) 1993;100:766-9.
43. Montella M, Crispo A, Grimaldi M, et al. An assessment of hepatitis C virus infection among health-care workers of the National Cancer Institute of Naples, Southern Italy. Eur J Public Health 2005;15:467-9.
44. Kaabia N, Ben JE, Hannachi N, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among health care workers in central Tunisia. Med Mal Infect 2009;39:66-7.
45. Irani-Hakime N, Aoun J, Khoury S, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among health care personnel in Beirut, Lebanon. Am J Infect Control 2001;29:20-3.
46. Campello C, Majori S, Poli A, et al. Prevalence of HCV antibodies in health-care workers from northern Italy. Infection 1992;20:224-6.
47. Polish LB, Tong MJ, Co RL, et al. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital. Am J Infect Control 1993;21:196-200.
48. Perez Trallero E, Cilla G, Alcorta M, et al. Low risk of acquiring the hepatitis C virus for the health personnel. Med Clin (Barc) 1992;99:609-11.
49. Takahama AJ, Tatsch F, Tannus G, et al. Hepatitis C: incidence and knowledge among Brazilian dentists. Community Dent Health 2005;22:184-7.
50. Trevisan A, Bicciato F, Fanelli G, et al. Risk of hepatitis C virus infection in a population exposed to biological materials. Am J Ind Med 1999;35:532-5.
51. Weber C, Coller-Schaub D, Fried R, et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody among Swiss dental health care workers. J Hepatol 2001;34:963-4.
52. Shapiro CN, Tokars JI, Chamberland ME. Use of the hepatitis-B vaccine and infection with hepatitis B and C among orthopaedic surgeons. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Serosurvey Study Committee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78:1791-800.
53. Goetz AM, Ndimbie OK, Wagener MM, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in health care workers affiliated with a liver transplant center. Transplantation 1995;59:990-4.
54. Ahmed F, Irving WL, Anwar M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in Kech District, Balochistan, Pakistan: most infections remain unexplained. A cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Infect 2012;140:716-23.
55. Fischer LR, Tope DH, Conboy KS, et al. Screening for hepatitis C virus in a health maintenance organization. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1665-73.
56. De Mercato R, Guarnaccia D, Ciannella G, et al. Hepatitis C virus among health care workers. Minerva Med 1996;87:501-4.
57. Olubuyide IO, Ola SO, Aliyu B, et al. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B and C infections among doctors and dentists in Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1997;74:357-61.
58. al-Sohaibani MO, al-Sheikh EH, al-Ballal SJ, et al. Occupational risk of hepatitis B and C infections in Saudi medical staff. J Hosp Infect 1995;31:143-7.
59. Soni PN, Tait DR, Kenoyer DG, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in a South African area endemic for hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 1993;40:65-8.
60. Oguchi H, Miyasaka M, Tokunaga S, et al. Hepatitis virus infection (HBV and HCV) in eleven Japanese hemodialysis units. Clin Nephrol 1992;38:36-43.
61. Nakashima K, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among hospital staff and acupuncturists in Kyushu, Japan. J Infect 1993;26:17-25.
62. Fujiyama S, Kawano S, Sato S, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in hemodialysis patients and dialysis staff. Hepatogastroenterology 1992;39:161-5.
63. Germanaud J, Barthez JP, Causse X. The occupational risk of hepatitis C infection among hospital employees. Am J Public Health 1994;84:122.
64. Jindal N, Jindal M, Jilani N, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in health care workers of a tertiary care centre in New Delhi. Indian J Med Res 2006;123:179-80.
65. Kuo MY, Hahn LJ, Hong CY, et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among dentists in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1993;40:10-13.
66. Zaaijer HL, Appelman P, Frijstein G. Hepatitis C virus infection among transmissionprone medical personnel. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:1473-7.
67. Zuckerman J, Clewley G, Griffiths P, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in clinical health-care workers. Lancet 1994;343:1618-20.
68. Jochen AB. Occupationally acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet 1992;339:304.
69. el Gohary A, Hassan A, Nooman Z, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis C virus among urban and rural population groups in Egypt. Acta Trop 1995;59:155-61.
70. Polywka S, Laufs R. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis. Infection 1991;19:81-4.
71. Hindy AM, Abdelhaleem ES, Aly RH. Hepatitis B and C viruses among Egyptian dentists. Egypt Dent J 1995;41:1217-26.
72. Khan S, Attaullah S, Ayaz S, et al. Molecular epidemiology of HCV among health care workers of khyber pakhtunkhwa. Virol J 2011;8:105.
73. Mijakoski D, Karadzinska-Bislimovska J, Stikova E, et al. Occupational sharp injuries and biological markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infection in nurses. Macedonian J Med Sci 2012;4:417-27.
74. Kondili LA, Ulqinaku D, Hajdini M, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in health care workers in Albania: A country still highly endemic for HBV infection. Infection 2007;35:94-7.
75. Libanore M, Bicocchi R, Ghinelli F, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian health care workers. Infection 1992;20:50.
76. Mujeeb SA, Khatri Y, Khanani R. Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among operation room personnel. J Hosp Infect 1998;38:133-7.
77. Sarkari B, Eilami O, Khosravani A, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis C infection among high risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province, Southwest Iran. Arch Iran Med 2012;15:271-4.
78. Vardas E, Ross MH, Sharp G, et al. Viral hepatitis in South African healthcare workers at increased risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses. J Hosp Infect 2002;50:6-12.
79. Shoaei P, Lotfi N, Hassannejad R, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among laboratory health care workers in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2012;3:S146-9.
80. De Luca M, Ascione A, Vacca C, et al. Are health-care workers really at risk of HCV infection? Lancet 1992;339:1364-5.
81. Sepkowitz KA. Occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. Part II. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:917-28.
82. Lanphear BP. Transmission and control of bloodborne viral hepatitis in health care workers. Occup Med (Lond) 1997;12:717-30.
83. Henderson DK. Managing occupational risks for hepatitis C transmission in the health care setting. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:546-68.
84. Singh K. Laboratory-Acquired infections. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:142-7.
85. Phillips EK, Conaway MR, Jagger JC. Percutaneous injuries before and after the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act. N Engl J Med 2012;366:670-1.
86. Riddell LA, Sherrard J. Blood-borne virus infection: The occupational risks. Int J STD AIDS 2000;11:632-9.
87. Baldo V, Baldovin T, Trivello R, et al. Epidemiology of HCV infection. Curr Pharm Des 2008;14:1646-54.
88. Butsashvili M, Kamkamidze G, Kajaia M, et al. Occupational exposure to body fluids among health care workers in Georgia. Occup Med (Lond) 2012;62:620-6.
89. Goniewicz M, Wloszczak-Szubzda A, Niemcewicz M, et al. Injuries caused by sharp instruments among healthcare workers-international and Polish perspectives. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012;19:523-7.
90. Shah SM, Bonauto D, Silverstein B, et al. Workers compensation claims for needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Washington State, 1996-2000. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:775-81.
91. Larney S, Kopinski H, Beckwith CG, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: results of a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Hepatology 2013;58:1215-24.