CD38 monoclonal antibody therapies for multiple myeloma

Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia

Volumn 15, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 635-645

  Wong, Sandy W ^a   Comenzo, Raymond L ^a  

^a TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti CD38; CD38; Immunotherapy; Monoclonal antibody; Multiple myeloma

Indexed keywords

CD38 ANTIGEN; DARATUMUMAB; ISATUXIMAB; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MOR 03087; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; COMPLEMENT DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; CROSS LINKING; DRUG SAFETY; EFFECTOR CELL; HEMATOPOIESIS; HUMAN; LYMPHOPOIESIS; MONOTHERAPY; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; ANIMAL; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; CHEMISTRY; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DRUG DEVELOPMENT; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; PRECLINICAL STUDY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTIGENS, CD38; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG DISCOVERY; DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84947017293     PISSN: 21522650     EISSN: 21522669     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.642     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. 2 with or without low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. In press.
2. J. San Miguel, K. Weisel, P. Moreau, and et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial Lancet Oncol 14 2013 1055 1066
3. C. Gemmel, F.W. Cremer, M. Weis, and et al. Anti-CD20 antibody as consolidation therapy in a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation Ann Hematol 81 2002 119 123
4. P. Musto, A.M. Carella Jr., M.M. Greco, and et al. Short progression-free survival in myeloma patients receiving rituximab as maintenance therapy after autologous transplantation Br J Haematol 123 2003 746 747
5. N. Zojer, K. Kirchbacher, M. Vesely, and et al. Rituximab treatment provides no clinical benefit in patients with pretreated advanced multiple myeloma Leuk Lymphoma 47 2006 1103 1109
6. P. Moreau, L. Voillat, L. Benboukher, and et al. Rituximab in CD20 positive multiple myeloma Leukemia 21 2007 835 836
7. A.C. Rawstron, G. Laycock-Brown, G. Hale, and et al. CD52 expression patterns in myeloma and the applicability of alemtuzumab therapy Haematologica 91 2006 1577 1578
8. M.S. Cragg, and M.J. Glennie Antibody specificity controls in vivo effector mechanisms of anti-CD20 reagents Blood 103 2004 2738 2743
9. J.L. Teeling, R.R. French, M.S. Cragg, and et al. Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against non-Hodgkin lymphomas Blood 104 2004 1793 1800
10. S.A. Beers, C.H. Chan, R.R. French, and et al. CD20 as a target for therapeutic type I and II monoclonal antibodies Semin Hematol 47 2010 107 114
11. G. Niederfellner, A. Lammens, O. Mundigl, and et al. Epitope characterization and crystal structure of GA101 provide insights into the molecular basis for type I/II distinction of CD20 antibodies Blood 118 2011 358 367
12. Genmab. Daratumumab receives breakthrough therapy designation from US Food and Drug Administration. Copenhagen, Denmark.
13. E.L. Reinherz, P.C. Kung, G. Goldstein, and et al. Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77 1980 1588 1592
14. C. Terhorst, A. van Agthoven, K. LeClair, and et al. Biochemical studies of the human thymocyte cell-surface antigens T6, T9 and T10 Cell 23 1981 771 780
15. F. Malavasi, A. Funaro, M. Alessio, and et al. CD38: a multi-lineage cell activation molecule with a split personality Int J Clin Lab Res 22 1992 73 80
16. S. Deaglio, K. Mehta, and F. Malavasi Human CD38: a (r)evolutionary story of enzymes and receptors Leuk Res 25 2001 1 12
17. Q. Liu, I.A. Kriksunov, R. Graeff, and et al. Crystal structure of human CD38 extracellular domain Structure 13 2005 1331 1339
18. S. Deaglio, S. Aydin, T. Vaisitti, and et al. CD38 at the junction between prognostic marker and therapeutic target Trends Mol Med 14 2008 210 218
19. D.G. Jackson, and J.I. Bell Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human CD38 (T10) molecule, a cell surface glycoprotein with an unusual discontinuous pattern of expression during lymphocyte differentiation J Immunol 144 1990 2811 2815
20. K. Nakagawara, M. Mori, S. Takasawa, and et al. Assignment of CD38, the gene encoding human leukocyte antigen CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase), to chromosome 4p15 Cytogenet Cell Genet 69 1995 38 39
21. F. Malavasi, S. Deaglio, A. Funaro, and et al. Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology Physiol Rev 88 2008 841 886
22. +-converting enzymes: extensive structural homology with the genes for murine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 and aplysian ADP-ribosyl cyclase J Immunol 159 1997 3858 3865
23. E. Ferrero, F. Saccucci, and F. Malavasi The making of a leukocyte receptor: origin, genes and regulation of human CD38 and related molecules Chem Immunol 75 2000 1 19
24. H. Kishimoto, S. Hoshino, M. Ohori, and et al. Molecular mechanism of human CD38 gene expression by retinoic acid. Identification of retinoic acid response element in the first intron J Biol Chem 273 1998 15429 15434
25. K. Nata, T. Takamura, T. Karasawa, and et al. Human gene encoding CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase): organization, nucleotide sequence and alternative splicing Gene 186 1997 285 292
26. H.C. Lee Structure and enzymatic functions of human CD38 Mol Med 12 2006 317 323
27. M. Morra, M. Zubiaur, C. Terhorst, and et al. CD38 is functionally dependent on the TCR/CD3 complex in human T cells FASEB J 12 1998 581 592
28. 2+ channel Nature 364 1993 76 79
29. 2+ release in intestinal longitudinal muscle J Biol Chem 270 1995 25488 25494
30. S. Takasawa, K. Nata, H. Yonekura, and et al. Cyclic ADP-ribose in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells Science 259 1993 370 373
31. V. Quarona, G. Zaccarello, A. Chillemi, and et al. CD38 and CD157: a long journey from activation markers to multifunctional molecules Cytometry B Clin Cytom 84 2013 207 217
32. S. Bruzzone, L. Guida, L. Franco, and et al. Dimeric and tetrameric forms of catalytically active transmembrane CD38 in transfected HeLa cells FEBS Lett 433 1998 275 278
33. M. Hara-Yokoyama, M. Kukimoto-Niino, K. Terasawa, and et al. Tetrameric interaction of the ectoenzyme CD38 on the cell surface enables its catalytic and raft-association activities Structure 20 2012 1585 1595
34. Y.J. Zhao, C.M. Lam, and H.C. Lee The membrane-bound enzyme CD38 exists in two opposing orientations Sci Signal 5 2012 ra67
35. S. Deaglio, T. Vaisitti, R. Billington, and et al. CD38/CD19: a lipid raft-dependent signaling complex in human B cells Blood 109 2007 5390 5398
36. M. Zubiaur, O. Fernandez, E. Ferrero, and et al. CD38 is associated with lipid rafts and upon receptor stimulation leads to Akt/protein kinase B and Erk activation in the absence of the CD3-zeta immune receptor tyrosine-based activation motifs J Biol Chem 277 2002 13 22
37. A. Funaro, L.B. De Monte, U. Dianzani, and et al. Human CD38 is associated to distinct molecules which mediate transmembrane signaling in different lineages Eur J Immunol 23 1993 2407 2411
38. O. Silvennoinen, H. Nishigaki, A. Kitanaka, and et al. CD38 signal transduction in human B cell precursors. Rapid induction of tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of syk tyrosine kinase, and phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase J Immunol 156 1996 100 107
39. S. Deaglio, T. Vaisitti, S. Aydin, and et al. CD38 and ZAP-70 are functionally linked and mark CLL cells with high migratory potential Blood 110 2007 4012 4021
40. K. Kontani, I. Kukimoto, H. Nishina, and et al. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-cbl proto-oncogene product mediated by cell surface antigen CD38 in HL-60 cells J Biol Chem 271 1996 1534 1537
41. A. Kitanaka, C. Ito, H. Nishigaki, and et al. CD38-mediated growth suppression of B-cell progenitors requires activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and involves its association with the protein product of the c-cbl proto-oncogene Blood 88 1996 590 598
42. M. Kumagai, E. Coustan-Smith, D.J. Murray, and et al. Ligation of CD38 suppresses human B lymphopoiesis J Exp Med 181 1995 1101 1110
43. A. Funaro, G.C. Spagnoli, C.M. Ausiello, and et al. Involvement of the multilineage CD38 molecule in a unique pathway of cell activation and proliferation J Immunol 145 1990 2390 2396
44. S. Zupo, E. Rugari, M. Dono, and et al. CD38 signaling by agonistic monoclonal antibody prevents apoptosis of human germinal center B cells Eur J Immunol 24 1994 1218 1222
45. M. Konopleva, Z. Estrov, S. Zhao, and et al. Ligation of cell surface CD38 protein with agonistic monoclonal antibody induces a cell growth signal in myeloid leukemia cells J Immunol 161 1998 4702 4708
46. N.W. van de Donk, H.M. Lokhorst, and A.C. Bloem Growth factors and antiapoptotic signaling pathways in multiple myeloma Leukemia 19 2005 2177 2185
47. - progenitor cells Blood 77 1991 1218 1227
48. D. Kinniburgh, and N.H. Russell Comparative study of CD34-positive cells and subpopulations in human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow Bone Marrow Transplant 12 1993 489 494
49. P. Lin, R. Owens, G. Tricot, and et al. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of 306 cases of multiple myeloma Am J Clin Pathol 121 2004 482 488
50. + plasma cells enrich for human tumorigenic myeloma cells Leukemia 26 2012 2530 2537
51. N. Hosen Multiple myeloma-initiating cells Int J Hematol 97 2013 306 312
52. J.H. Ellis, K.A. Barber, A. Tutt, and et al. Engineered anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma J Immunol 155 1995 925 937
53. F.K. Stevenson, A.J. Bell, R. Cusack, and et al. Preliminary studies for an immunotherapeutic approach to the treatment of human myeloma using chimeric anti-CD38 antibody Blood 77 1991 1071 1079
54. V.S. Goldmacher, L.A. Bourret, B.A. Levine, and et al. Anti-CD38-blocked ricin: an immunotoxin for the treatment of multiple myeloma Blood 84 1994 3017 3025
55. G.T. Stevenson, A.J. Bell, T.R. Evans, and et al. Mechanisms in removal of tumor by antibody Cell Biophys 24-5 1994 45 50
56. D.J. Flavell, D.A. Boehm, A. Noss, and et al. Therapy of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a combination of anti-CD7 and anti-CD38-SAPORIN immunotoxins is significantly better than therapy with each individual immunotoxin Br J Cancer 84 2001 571 578
57. + neoplasia J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 19 2005 145 152
58. D.G. Maloney, K. Donovan, and T.J. Hamblin Antibody therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma Semin Hematol 36 1 suppl 3 1999 30 33
59. A. Dinota, L. Barbieri, M. Gobbi, and et al. An immunotoxin containing momordin suitable for bone marrow purging in multiple myeloma patients Br J Cancer 60 1989 315 319
60. W.C. Vooijs, H.J. Schuurman, E.J. Bast, and et al. Evaluation of CD38 as target for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma Blood 85 1995 2282 2284
61. D.C. Taussig, F. Miraki-Moud, F. Anjos-Afonso, and et al. Anti-CD38 antibody-mediated clearance of human repopulating cells masks the heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating cells Blood 112 2008 568 575
62. E. Todisco, T. Suzuki, K. Srivannaboon, and et al. CD38 ligation inhibits normal and leukemic myelopoiesis Blood 95 2000 535 542
63. G.T. Stevenson, M.J. Glennie, and T.J. Hamblin Antibody treatment of lymphoma: experience and prospects J.L. Touraine, Cancer in Transplantation: Prevention and Treatment 1995 Kluwer Academic Amsterdam, The Netherlands 289 298
64. M. de Weers, Y.T. Tai, M.S. van der Veer, and et al. Daratumumab, a novel therapeutic human CD38 monoclonal antibody, induces killing of multiple myeloma and other hematological tumors J Immunol 186 2011 1840 1848
65. C.A. Diebolder, F.J. Beurskens, R.N. de Jong, and et al. Complement is activated by IgG hexamers assembled at the cell surface Science 343 2014 1260 1263
66. F. Perosa, E. Favoino, M.A. Caragnano, and et al. Generation of biologically active linear and cyclic peptides has revealed a unique fine specificity of rituximab and its possible cross-reactivity with acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b precursor Blood 107 2006 1070 1077
67. N.A. Johnson, S. Leach, B. Woolcock, and et al. CD20 mutations involving the rituximab epitope are rare in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and are not a significant cause of R-CHOP failure Haematologica 94 2009 423 427
68. Matas-Céspedes A, Vidal-Crespo A, Rodriguez V, et al. Daratumumab, a novel anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody shows anti-tumor activity in CLL and hampers leukemia-microenvironment interactions. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:4680.
69. Overdijk MB, Verploegen S, Marijn B, et al. Phagocytosis is a mechanism of action for daratumumab. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2012; 120:4054.
70. Jansen JHM, Boross P, Overdijk MB, et al. Daratumumab, a human CD38 antibody induces apoptosis of myeloma tumor cells via Fc receptor-mediated crosslinking. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2012; 120:2974.
71. Kong SY, Li XF, Nahar S, et al. Daratumumab directly induces human multiple myeloma cell death and acts synergistically with conventional and novel anti-myeloma drugs. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2010; 116:3013.
72. S.P. Treon, C. Mitsiades, N. Mitsiades, and et al. Tumor cell expression of CD59 is associated with resistance to CD20 serotherapy in patients with B-cell malignancies J Immunother 24 2001 263 271
73. Y. Terui, T. Sakurai, Y. Mishima, and et al. Blockade of bulky lymphoma-associated CD55 expression by RNA interference overcomes resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity with rituximab Cancer Sci 97 2006 72 79
74. + non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Med Oncol 27 2010 743 746
75. Matas-Cespedes A, Vidal-Crespo A, Rodriguez V, et al. Daratumumab, a novel human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2012; 120:3935.
76. Matas-Céspedes A, Crespo AV, Rodriguez V, et al. Daratumumab, a novel human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody shows anti-tumor activity in mouse models of MCL, FL and CLL. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2013; 122:378.
77. Doshi P, Sasser AK, Axel A, et al. Daratumumab treatment alone or in combination with vincristine results in the inhibition of tumor growth and long term survival in preclinical models of acute lymphocytic leukemia [abstract P109]. Paper presented at: European Hematology Association 19th Congress; Milan, Italy; 2014.
78. Doshi P, Sasser AK, Axel A, et al. Daratumumab treatment in combination with CHOP or R-CHOP results in the inhibition or regression of tumors in preclinical models of non-Hodgkins lymphoma [abstract P434]. Paper presented at: European Hematology Association 19th Congress; Milan, Italy; 2014.
79. De Weers M, Graus Y, Oprins J, et al, inventors; Genmab A/S (Copenhagen, DK), assignee. Antibodies against CD38 for treatment of multiple myeloma. US patent 7,829,673 2010.
80. N.C. Munshi, and K.C. Anderson Advances in Biology and Therapy of Multiple Myeloma 2013 Springer New York, NY
81. Y.T. Tai, X.F. Li, L. Catley, and et al. Immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide (CC-5013, IMiD3) augments anti-CD40 SGN-40-induced cytotoxicity in human multiple myeloma: clinical implications Cancer Res 65 2005 11712 11720
82. + tumor cells Clin Cancer Res 14 2008 4650 4657
83. X.C. Badoux, M.J. Keating, S. Wen, and et al. Phase II study of lenalidomide and rituximab as salvage therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia J Clin Oncol 31 2013 584 591
84. M.S. van der Veer, M. de Weers, B. van Kessel, and et al. Towards effective immunotherapy of myeloma: enhanced elimination of myeloma cells by combination of lenalidomide with the human CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab Haematologica 96 2011 284 290
85. van der Veer MS, de Weers M, van Kessel B, et al. Towards effective immunotherapy of multiple myeloma: enhanced elimination of myeloma cells by combination of lenalidomide with the human CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2010; 116:3059.
86. I.S. Nijhof, R.W. Groen, W.A. Noort, and et al. Preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of CD38-targeted immuno-chemotherapy in multiple myeloma patients refractory to lenalidomide and bortezomib Clin Cancer Res 21 2015 2802 2810
87. Endell J, Samuelsson C, Boxhammer R, et al. Effect of MOR202, a human CD38 antibody, in combination with lenalidomide and bortezomib, on bone lysis and tumor load in a physiologic model of myeloma. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2011; 29(15 suppl):8078.
88. M.S. van der Veer, M. de Weers, B. van Kessel, and et al. The therapeutic human CD38 antibody daratumumab improves the anti-myeloma effect of newly emerging multi-drug therapies Blood Cancer J 1 2011 e41
89. Lokhorst HM PT, Gimsing P, et al. Daratumumab, a CD38 monoclonal antibody study in advanced multiple myeloma [abstract S576]. Paper presented at: European Hematology Association 18th Congress; Stockholm, Sweden; 2013.
90. Lokhorst HM, Plesner T, Gimsing P, et al. Phase I/II dose-escalation study of daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2013; 31(15 suppl):8512.
91. Lokhorst HM, Laubach J, Nahi H, et al. Dose-dependent efficacy of daratumumab (DARA) as monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RR MM). ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2014; 32(15 suppl):8513.
92. Plesner T, Arkenau HT, Lokhorst HM, et al. Safety and efficacy of daratumumab with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed or relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2014; 32(15 suppl):8533.
93. Moreau P, Mateos MV, Bladé J, et al. An open-label, multicenter, phase 1b study of daratumumab in combination with backbone regimens in patients with multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:176.
94. C.M. Ausiello, F. Urbani, R. Lande, and et al. Functional topography of discrete domains of human CD38 Tissue Antigens 56 2000 539 547
95. Park PU, Bartle L, Skaletskaya A, et al, inventors; Sanofi-Aventis (Paris, FR), assignee. Novel anti-CD38 antibodies for the treatment of cancer. US patent application 20110262454 2011.
96. + hematologic malignancies Clin Cancer Res 20 2014 4574 4583
97. Lammerts van Bueren J, Jakobs D, Kaldenhoven N, et al. Direct in vitro comparison of daratumumab with surrogate analogs of CD38 antibodies MOR03087, SAR650984 and Ab79. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:3474.
98. An G, Jiang H, Acharya C, et al. SAR 650984, a therapeutic anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, blocks CD38-CD31 interaction in multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:4729.
99. Lejeune P, Deckert J, Mayo M, et al. Broad spectrum of antitumor activity of SAR650984, a humanized anti-CD38 antibody targeting hematological malignancies. AACR Meeting Abstracts 2009; 2009(2nd annual meeting):abstract 859.
100. Lejeune P, Blanc VER, Courta J, et al. In vivo therapeutic synergy of SAR650984, a humanized anti-CD38 antibody, in combination with melphalan in a multiple myeloma xenograft. AACR Meeting Abstracts 2009; 2009(2 annual meeting):abstract 2797.
101. + hematological malignancies - data from a dose-escalation phase I study. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2013; 122:284.
102. Martin TG, Hsu K, Strickland SA, et al. A phase I trial of SAR650984, a CD38 monoclonal antibody, in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2014; 32(15 suppl):8532.
103. Martin TG, Baz R, Benson DM, et al. A phase Ib dose escalation trial of SAR650984 (anti-CD-38 mAb) in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:83
104. Tesar M. Fully human antibody MOR202 against CD38 for the treatment of multiple myeloma and other blood-borne malignancies. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2007; 25(18 suppl):8106.
105. Endell J, Boxhammer R, Wurzenberger C, et al. The activity of MOR202, a fully human anti-CD38 antibody, is complemented by ADCP and is synergistically enhanced by lenalidomide in vitro and in vivo. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2012; 120:4018.
106. Rojkjaer L, Boxhammer R, Endell J, et al, inventors; Rojkjaer L, Boxhammer R, Endell J, et al, assignees. Anti-CD38 antibody and lenalidomide or bortezomib for the treatment of multipe myeloma and NHL. US patent application 20130302318 2013.
107. Tesar M, Jäger U, inventors; Morphosys AG (Martinsried DE), assignee. Generation and profiling of fully human gold-derived therapeutic antibodies specific for human CD38. US patent 8,088,896 2012.
108. Dos Santos C, Xiaochuan S, Chenghui Z, et al. Anti-leukemic activity of daratumumab in acute myeloid leukemia cells and patient-derived xenografts. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:2312.
109. Nijhof IS, Lokhorst HM, van Kessel B, et al. Modulation of CD38 expression levels on multiple myeloma tumor cells by all-trans retinoic acid improves the efficacy of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2014; 124:2096.
110. Nijhof IS, de Weers M, Andre P, et al. Synergistic action of the human inhibitory KIR antibody IPH2102, and the human CD38 antibody daratumumab to enhance the lysis of primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) from myeloma patients. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 2011; 118:1865.
111. I.S. Nijhof, J.J. Lammerts van Bueren, B. van Kessel, and et al. Daratumumab-mediated lysis of primary multiple myeloma cells is enhanced in combination with the human anti-KIR antibody IPH2102 and lenalidomide Haematologica 100 2014 263 268
112. C. Kellner, M. Gramatzki, and M. Peipp Promoting natural killer cell functions by recombinant immunoligands mimicking an induced self phenotype Oncoimmunology 2 2013 e24481
113. C.M. Ausiello, F. Urbani, A. la Sala, and et al. CD38 ligation induces discrete cytokine mRNA expression in human cultured lymphocytes Eur J Immunol 25 1995 1477 1480
114. + glycohydrolase to a functional domain in the carboxyl terminus J Immunol 158 1997 741 747