Cervical cancer screening among women ≥70years of age in the United States-A referral problem or patient choice

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 81, Issue , 2015, Pages 427-432

  Guo, Fangjian ^a   Hirth, Jacqueline M ^a   Berenson, Abbey B ^a  

^a University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer screening; Cervical cancer; Overutilization of health services; Pap smear

Indexed keywords

AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER SCREENING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; GYNECOLOGIST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OBSTETRICIAN; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; PATIENT DECISION MAKING; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; DECISION MAKING; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH SURVEY; MASS SCREENING; PATIENT ATTITUDE; SOCIOECONOMICS; UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS; UTILIZATION;

AGED; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MASS SCREENING; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UNITED STATES; UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84946740141     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: 10960260     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.005     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bowman J.A., Sanson-Fisher R., Redman S. The accuracy of self-reported Pap smear utilisation. Soc. Sci. Med. 1997, 44:969-976.
2. Buczkowski K., Marcinowicz L., Czachowski S., Piszczek E. Motivations toward smoking cessation, reasons for relapse, and modes of quitting: results from a qualitative study among former and current smokers. Patient Prefer. Adher. 2014, 8:1353-1363. 10.2147/PPA.S67767.
3. Caplan L.S., McQueen D.V., Qualters J.R., Leff M., Garrett C., Calonge N. Validity of women's self-reports of cancer screening test utilization in a managed care population. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003, 12:1182-1187.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines for Average-Risk Women (Accessed September 26, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/guidelines.pdf.
5. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 2015 Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule 2015, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, (http://www.cms.gov/apps/ama/license.asp?file=/ClinicalLabFeeSched/Downloads/15CLAB.zip. Accessed June 18, 2015).
6. Gordon N.P., Hiatt R.A., Lampert D.I. Concordance of self-reported data and medical record audit for six cancer screening procedures. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1993, 85:566-570.
7. Harris R., Sheridan S. The times they (may) be a-changin': too much screening is a health problem. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2013, 45:248-249. 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.002.
8. Howard D.L., Hostetter S.S., Hunter J., Johnson N., Cooper S., Malnar G. Women's understanding of the term 'Pap smear'. Matern. Child Health J. 2015, 19:1455-1463. 10.1007/s10995-015-1679-0.
9. Johnson C.S., Archer J., Campos-Outcalt D. Accuracy of Pap smear and mammogram self-reports in a southwestern Native American tribe. Am. J. Prev. Med. 1995, 11:360-363.
10. Kagay C.R., Quale C., Smith-Bindman R. Screening mammography in the American elderly. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2006, 31:142-149.
11. Kiefe C.I., Funkhouser E., Fouad M.N., May D.S. Chronic disease as a barrier to breast and cervical cancer screening. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 1998, 13:357-365.
12. Mandelblatt J.S., Lawrence W.F., Womack S.M., et al. Benefits and costs of using HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer. JAMA 2002, 287:2372-2381.
13. Massad L.S., Einstein M.H., Huh W.K., et al. 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013, 121:829-846. 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182883a34.
14. Montaño D.E., Phillips W.R. Cancer screening by primary care physicians: a comparison of rates obtained from physician self-report, patient survey, and chart audit. Am. J. Public Health 1995, 85:795-800.
15. National Center for Health Statistics Survey Description, National Health Interview Survey, 2000 2002, (Hyattsville, Maryland).
16. National Center for Health Statistics Survey Description, National Health Interview Survey, 2013 2014, (Hyattsville, Maryland).
17. O'Connor M., Murphy J., Martin C., O'Leary J., Sharp L., Irish Cervical Screening Consortium (CERVIVA) Motivators for women to attend cervical screening: the influential role of GPs. Fam. Pract. 2014, 31:475-482. 10.1093/fampra/cmu029.
18. Perkins R.B., Anderson B.L., Gorin S.S., Schulkin J.A. Challenges in cervical cancer prevention: a survey of U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2013, 45:175-181. 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.019.
19. Royce T.J., Hendrix L.H., Stokes W.A., Allen I.M., Chen R.C. Cancer screening rates in individuals with different life expectancies. JAMA Intern. Med. 2014, 174:1558-1565. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.3895.
20. Sabatino S.A., White M.C., Thompson T.D., Klabunde C.N. Cancer screening test use-United States, 2013. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2015, 64:464-468.
21. Saslow D., Solomon D., Lawson H.W., et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2012, 62:147-172. 10.3322/caac.21139.
22. Sawaya G.F., Grady D., Kerlikowske K., et al. The positive predictive value of cervical smears in previously screened postmenopausal women: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Ann. Intern. Med. 2000, 133:942-950.
23. Sawaya G.F., Kerlikowske K., Lee N.C., Gildengorin G., Washington A.E. Frequency of cervical smear abnormalities within 3years of normal cytology. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000, 96:219-223.
24. Smith R.A., Cokkinides V., von Eschenbach A.C., et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2002, 52:8-22.
25. Smith R.A., Manassaram-Baptiste D., Brooks D., et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2015: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2015, 65:30-54. 10.3322/caac.21261.
26. Suarez L., Goldman D.A., Weiss N.S. Validity of Pap smear and mammogram self-reports in a low-income Hispanic population. Am. J. Prev. Med. 1995, 11:94-98.
27. U.S.Census Bureau Age and Sex Composition in the United States Available at:, (Accessed July 1, 2015). https://www.census.gov/population/age/data/2010comp.html.
28. U.S.Preventive Services Task Force The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services Available at:, (Accessed August 11, 2014). http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/cpsguide.pdf.
29. U.S.Preventive Services Task Force Screening for cervical cancer: recommendations and rationale. Am. Fam. Physician 2003, 67:1759-1766.
30. Van Wijngaarden W.J., Duncan I.D. Rationale for stopping cervical screening in women over 50. BMJ 1993, 306:967-971.
31. Vernon S.W., Briss P.A., Tiro J.A., Warnecke R.B. Some methodologic lessons learned from cancer screening research. Cancer 2004, 101:1131-1145.
32. Walter L.C., Schonberg M.A. Screening mammography in older women: a review. JAMA 2014, 311:1336-1347. 10.1001/jama.2014.2834.
33. Weinmann S., Williams A.E., Kamineni A., et al. Cervical cancer screening and follow-up in 4 geographically diverse US health care systems, 1998 through 2007. Cancer 2015, 121:2976-2983. 10.1002/cncr.29445.