Explained variance in the thermoregulatory responses to exercise: The independent roles of biophysical and fitness/fatness-related factors

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 119, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 982-989

  Cramer, Matthew N ^a   Jay, Ollie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Body morphology; Core temperature; Evaporation; Heat balance; Sweating

Indexed keywords

ADULT; EXERCISE; FITNESS; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SWEATING; THERMOREGULATION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADIPOSITY; ADULT; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; EXERCISE; HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS; HUMANS; MALE; PHYSICAL FITNESS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SWEATING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84946124262     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00281.2015     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ainslie PN, Cotter JD, George KP, Lucas S, Murrell C, Shave R, Thomas KN, Williams MJA, Atkinson G. Elevation in cerebral blood flow velocity with aerobic fitness throughout healthy human ageing. J Physiol 586:4005-4010, 2008.
2. Anderson GS. Human morphology and temperature regulation. Int J Biometeorol 43:99-109, 1999.
3. Bain AR, Deren TM, Jay O. Describing individual variation in local sweating during exercise in a temperate environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:1599-1607, 2011.
4. Bar-Or O, Lundegren HM, Buskirk ER. Heat tolerance of exercising obese and lean women. J Appl Physiol 26:403-409, 1969.
5. Coso JD, Hamouti N, Ortega JF, Fernández-Elías VE, Mora-Rodríguez R. Relevance of individual characteristics for thermoregulation during exercise in a hot-dry environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:2173-2181, 2011.
6. Cramer MN, Bain AR, Jay O. Local sweating on the forehead, but not forearm, is influenced by aerobic fitness independently of heat balance requirements during exercise. Exp Physiol 97:572-582, 2012.
7. Cramer MN, Jay O. Selecting the correct exercise intensity for unbiased comparisons of thermoregulatory responses between groups of different mass and surface area. J Appl Physiol 116:1123-1132, 2014.
8. CSEP. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology: Certified Fitness Appraiser Resource Manual. Ottawa, ON, Canada: CSEP, 1986.
9. Du Bois D, Du Bois EF. A formula to estimate surface area if height and weight are known. Arch Intern Med 17:863-871, 1916.
10. Gagnon D, Jay O, Kenny GP. The evaporative requirement for heat balance determines whole-body sweat rate during exercise under conditions permitting full evaporation. J Physiol 591:2925-2935, 2013.
11. Gagnon D, Kenny GP. Sex modulates whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity during exercise. J Physiol 589:6205-6217, 2011.
12. Gant N, Williams C, King J, Hodge BJ. Thermoregulatory responses to exercise: relative versus absolute intensity. J Sports Sci 22:1083-1090, 2004.
13. Gass GC, McLellan TM, Gass EM. Effects of prolonged exercise at a similar percentage of maximal oxygen consumption in trained and untrained subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 63:430-435, 1991.
14. Greenhaff PL, Clough PJ. Predictors of sweat loss in man during prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 58:348-352, 1989.
15. Havenith G. Human surface to mass ratio and body core temperature in exercise heat stress-a concept revisited. J Therm Biol 26:387-393, 2001.
16. Havenith G, Coenen JM, Kistemaker L, Kenney WL. Relevance of individual characteristics for human heat stress response is dependent on exercise intensity and climate type. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 77:231-241, 1998.
17. Havenith G, Luttikholt VG, Vrijkotte TG. The relative influence of body characteristics on humid heat stress response. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70:270-279, 1995.
18. Havenith G, Van Middendorp H. The relative influence of physical fitness, acclimatization state, anthropometric measures and gender on individual reactions to heat stress. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 61:419-427, 1990.
19. Haymes EM, Buskirk ER, Hodgson JL, Lundegren HM, Nicholas WC. Heat tolerance of exercising lean and heavy prepubertal girls. J Appl Physiol 36:566-571, 1974.
20. Haymes EM, McCormick RJ, Buskirk ER. Heat tolerance of exercising lean and obese prepubertal boys. J Appl Physiol 39:457-461, 1975.
21. ISO. Evaluation of Thermal Strain by Physiological Measurements. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1992.
22. Jay O, Bain AR, Deren TM, Sacheli M, Cramer MN. Large differences in peak oxygen uptake do not independently alter changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R832-R841, 2011.
23. Kacin A, Golja P, Eiken O, Tipton MJ, Mekjavic IB. The influence of acute and 23 days of intermittent hypoxic exposures on the exerciseinduced forehead sweating response. Eur J Appl Physiol 99:557-566, 2007.
24. Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN. Hydration for recreational sport and physical activity. Nutr Rev 70, Suppl 2:S137-S142, 2012.
25. Kenney WL. Physiological correlates of heat intolerance. Sports Med 2:279-286, 1985.
26. Kerslake DM. The Stress of Hot Environments. London: Cambridge University, 1972.
27. Leites GT, Sehl PL, Cunha GDS, Detoni Filho A, Meyer F. Reply: Relative exercise intensity and core temperature in lean and obese children. J Pediatr 163:1535-1536, 2013.
28. Lind AR. Effect of individual variation on upper limit of prescriptive zone of climates. J Appl Physiol 28:57-62, 1970.
29. Mitchell JW, Nadel ER, Stolwijk JA. Respiratory weight losses during exercise. J Appl Physiol 32:474-476, 1972.
30. Mora-Rodriguez R. Influence of aerobic fitness on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 40:79-87, 2012.
31. Mora-Rodriguez R, Del Coso J, Hamouti N, Estevez E, Ortega JF. Aerobically trained individuals have greater increases in rectal temperature than untrained ones during exercise in the heat at similar relative intensities. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:973-981, 2010.
32. Morris NB, Cramer MN, Hodder SG, Havenith G, Jay O. A comparison between the technical absorbent and ventilated capsule methods for measuring local sweat rate. J Appl Physiol 114:816-823, 2013.
33. Nielsen M. Die Regulation der Körpertemperatur bei Muskelarbeit1. Skand Arch Für Physiol 79:193-230, 1938.
34. Noakes TD, Myburgh KH, Du Plessis J, Lang L, Lambert M, Van Der Riet C, Schall R. Metabolic rate, not percent dehydration, predicts rectal temperature in marathon runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23:443-449, 1991.
35. Saltin B, Hermansen L. Esophageal, rectal, and muscle temperature during exercise. J Appl Physiol 21:1757-1762, 1966.
36. Savin NE, White KJ. The Durbin-Watson Test for Serial Correlation with Extreme Sample Sizes or Many Regressors. Econometrica 45:1989-1996, 1977.
37. Shvartz E, Saar E, Benor D. Physique and heat tolerance in hot-dry and hot-humid environments. J Appl Physiol 34:799-803, 1973.
38. Vincent WJ. Statistics in Kinesiology (3rd ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.