Assessing Beijing's PM2.5 pollution: Severity, weather impact, APEC and winter heating

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Volumn 471, Issue 2182, 2015, Pages

  Liang, Xuan ^a   Zou, Tao ^a   Guo, Bin ^c   Li, Shuo ^a   Zhang, Haozhe ^d   Zhang, Shuyi ^a   Huang, Hui ^b   Chen, Song Xi ^a,b  

^a Peking University   (China)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d Iowa State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Air quality; Meteorological condition; Observational study; Quasi experiment

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; ENERGY UTILIZATION; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PLANTS (BOTANY);

ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION; METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PM2.5 CONCENTRATION; QUASI-EXPERIMENTS; STATISTICAL APPROACH; STATISTICAL MEASURES;

POLLUTION;

EID: 84946077874     PISSN: 13645021     EISSN: 14712946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0257     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (45)

1. Zhang X, Wang Y, Niu T, Zhang X, Gong S, Zhang Y, Sun J. 2012 Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 779-799. (doi:10. 5194/acp-12-779-2012)
2. Guo S et al. 2014 Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 17 373-17 378. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1419604111)
3. Huang K, Zhuang G, Wang Q, Fu J, Lin Y, Liu T, Han L, Deng C. 2014 Extreme haze pollution in Beijing during January 2013: chemical characteristics, formation mechanism and role of fog processing. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 14, 7517-7556. (doi:10.5194/acpd-14-7517-2014)
4. Donaldson K, Li X, MacNee W. 1998 Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, 553-560. (doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(97)00464-3)
5. Pope III CA, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD. 2002 Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287, 1132-1141. (doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132)
6. Schwartz J, Neas LM. 2000 Fine particles are more strongly associated than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in schoolchildren. Epidemiology 11, 6-10. (doi:10.1097/00001648-200001000-00004)
7. Chen R, Zhao Z, Kan H. 2013 Heavy smog and hospital visits in Beijing, China. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 188, 1170-1171. (doi:10.1164/rccm.201304-0678LE)
8. Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. 2015 Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem. Rev. 115, 3803-3855. (doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067)
9. Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhong L, Wiedensohler A, Liu S, Andreae M, Wang W, Fan S. 2008 Regional integrated experiments on air quality over Pearl River Delta 2004 (PRIDE-PRD2004): overview. Atmos. Environ. 42, 6157-6173. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.025)
10. 2.5 and its chemical compositions between different prevailing wind patterns in Guangzhou. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res. 13, 1373-1383. (doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.09.0253)
11. 2.5 during the harvest season in eastern China's agricultural regions. Atmos. Environ. 92, 442-448. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.058)
12. 2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 5207-5219. (doi:10.5194/acp-11-5207-2011)
13. Huang R-J et al. 2014 High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature 514, 218-222. (doi:10.1038/nature13774)
14. He H, Tie X, Zhang Q, Liu X, Gao Q, Li X, Gao Y. 2015 Analysis of the causes of heavy aerosol pollution in Beijing, China: a case study with the WRF-Chem model. Particuology 20, 32-40. (doi:10.1016/j.partic.2014.06.004)
15. 2.5 air pollution over China in January 2013: vertical and horizontal dimensions. SOLA 10, 136-140. (doi:10.2151/sola.2014-028)
16. Wang L, Zhang N, Liu Z, Sun Y, Ji D, Wang Y. 2014 The influence of climate factors, meteorological conditions, and boundary-layer structure on severe haze pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during January 2013. Adv. Meteorol. 2014, 685971. (doi:10.1155/2014/685971)
17. Sun Y, Jiang Q, Wang Z, Fu P, Li J, Yang T, Yin Y. 2014 Investigation of the sources and evolution processes of severe haze pollution in Beijing in January 2013. J. Geophys. Res. 119, 4380-4398. (doi:10.1002/2014JD021641)
18. Zhang Q, He K, Huo H. 2012 Policy: cleaning China's air. Nature 484, 161-162. (doi:10. 1038/484161a)
19. Wang JZ, Yang YQ, Wang YQ, Zhang GZ. 2013 Sand dust weather and its variation in China based on PLAM index tracking method. J. Meteorol. Environ. 29, 92-97. (doi:10.3969/j.issn1673-503X.2013.05.015)
20. Liu X-H, Zhang Y, Cheng S-H, Xing J, Zhang Q, Streets DG, Jang C, Wang W-X, Hao J-M. 2010 Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part I. Performance evaluation and seasonal variation. Atmos. Environ. 44, 2415-2426. (doi:10. 1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.035)
21. Liu X-H, Zhang Y, Xing J, Zhang Q, Wang K, Streets DG, Jang C, Wang W-X, Hao J-M. 2010 Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part II. Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and particulate matter to precursor emissions. Atmos. Environ. 44, 3719-3727. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.036)
22. Cressie N, Wikle CK. 2011 Statistics for spatio-temporal data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
23. Sahu SK, Gelfand AE, Holland DM. 2006 Spatio-temporal modeling of fine particulate matter. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. 11, 61-86. (doi:10.1198/108571106X95746)
24. Dominici F, McDermott A, Zeger SL, Samet JM. 2002 On the use of generalized additive models in time-series studies of air pollution and health. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156, 193-203. (doi:10.1093/aje/kwf062)
25. 2.5 data with missing values. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4-27. (doi:10.1029/2002JD002914)
26. Dominici F, Greenstone M, Sunstein CR. 2014 Particulate matter matters. Science 344, 257-259. (doi:10.1126/science.1247348)
27. Chinese State Council. 2013 Atmospheric pollution prevention and control action plan. Beijing, China: People's Press. [In Chinese.]
28. Department of Energy Statisticas, National Bureau of Statistics, People's Republic of China. 2013 China energy statistics yearbook. Beijing, China: Chinese Statistics Press. [In Chinese.]
29. Choi J, Fuentes M, Reich BJ. 2009 Spatial-temporal association between fine particulate matter and daily mortality. Comp. Statist. Data Anal. 53, 2989-3000. (doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.05.018)
30. 2.5 to climate change. Atmos. Environ. 44, 3976-3984. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.060)
31. Rosenbaum PR. 2002 Observational studies. New York, NY: Springer.
32. Alduchov OA, Eskridge RE. 1996 Improved magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteorol. 35, 601-609. (doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035 2.0.CO;2)
33. Härdle W. 1990 Applied nonparametric regression. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
34. Bosq D. 1998 Nonparametric statistics for stochastic processes. New York, NY: Springer.
35. Fan J, Gijbels J. 1996 Local polynomial modelling and its applications: monographs on statistics and applied probability. London, UK: CRC Press.
36. Härdle W, Liang H, Gao J. 2000 Partially linear models. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Varlag.
37. Hall P, Li Q, Racine JS. 2007 Nonparametric estimation of regression functions in the presence of irrelevant regressors. Rev. Econ. Stat. 89, 784-789. (doi:10.1162/rest.89.4.784)
38. Yao F, Müller HG, Wang JL. 2005 Functional linear regression analysis for longitudinal data. Ann. Statist. 33, 2873-2903. (doi:10.1214/009053605000000660)
39. Müller HG, Yao F. 2008 Data functional additive models. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 103, 1534-1544. (doi:10.1198/016214508000000751)
40. Chen SX, Qin J, Tang CY. 2013 Mann-Whitney test with adjustments to pretreatment variables for missing values and observational study. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 75, 81-102. (doi:10.1111/j. 1467-9868.2012.01036.x)
41. Davison AC, Hinkley DV. 1997 Bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
42. Härdle W, Mammen E. 1993 Comparing nonparametric versus parametric regression fits. Ann. Stat. 21, 1926-1947. (doi:10.1214/aos/1176349403)
43. Zhang X et al. 2013 Factors contributing to haze and fog in China. Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, 1178-1187. [In Chinese.] (doi:10.1360/972013-150)
44. Chen Y, Ebenstein A, Greenstone M, Li H. 2013 Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China's Huai River policy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 12 936-12 941. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1300018110)
45. You J, Chen G. 2004 Block external bootstrap in partially linear models with nonstationary strong mixing error terms. Can. J. Statist. 32, 335-346. (doi:10.2307/3316019)