메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 379-396

Parental criminality and children’s family-life trajectories: Findings for a mid-20th century cohort

Author keywords

Demographic behavior; Incarcerated parents; Intergenerational transmission; Life course; Sequence analysis

Indexed keywords


EID: 84946032097     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17579597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14301/llcs.v6i4.282     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 84937286041 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis: New methods for old ideas
    • Abbott, A. (1995). Sequence analysis: New methods for old ideas. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 93-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.000521
    • (1995) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.21 , pp. 93-113
    • Abbott, A.1
  • 2
    • 77951433178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Life for Old Ideas. The 'Second Wave' of Sequence Analysis - Bringing the Course Back into the Life Course
    • Aisenbrey, S., & Fasang, A. E. (2010). New Life for Old Ideas. The 'Second Wave' of Sequence Analysis - Bringing the Course Back into the Life Course. Sociological Methods & Research, 38(3), 420-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124109357532
    • (2010) Sociological Methods & Research , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 420-462
    • Aisenbrey, S.1    Fasang, A.E.2
  • 3
    • 0034311410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of divorce for adults and children
    • Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1269-1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x
    • (2000) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.62 , pp. 1269-1287
    • Amato, P.R.1
  • 5
    • 84867224652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classifying life course trajectories: A comparison of latent class and sequence analysis
    • Barban, N., & Billari, F. C. (2012). Classifying life course trajectories: a comparison of latent class and sequence analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 61(5), 765-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2012.01047.x
    • (2012) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 765-784
    • Barban, N.1    Billari, F.C.2
  • 6
    • 65549156155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational continuity in convictions: A five-generation study
    • Bijleveld, C. C., & Wijkman, M.D. (2009). Intergenerational continuity in convictions: A five-generation study. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 19, 142-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.714
    • (2009) Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , vol.19 , pp. 142-155
    • Bijleveld, C.C.1    Wijkman, M.D.2
  • 10
    • 78650350956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of pathways to adulthood? An analysis of Dutch cohorts born between 1850 and 1900
    • Bras, H., Liefbroer, A. C., & Elzinga, C. H. (2010). Standardization of pathways to adulthood? An analysis of Dutch cohorts born between 1850 and 1900. Demography, 47, 1013-1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03213737
    • (2010) Demography , vol.47 , pp. 1013-1034
    • Bras, H.1    Liefbroer, A.C.2    Elzinga, C.H.3
  • 11
    • 56349139936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes
    • Burt, S. A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., lacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1668-1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013477
    • (2008) Developmental Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 1668-1677
    • Burt, S.A.1    Barnes, A.R.2    McGue, M.3    Lacono, W.G.4
  • 12
    • 38149110597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punishment beyond the legal offender
    • Comfort, M. (2007). Punishment beyond the legal offender. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3, 271-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.3.081806.112829
    • (2007) Annual Review of Law and Social Science , vol.3 , pp. 271-296
    • Comfort, M.1
  • 13
    • 55049102754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergenerational transmission of divorce in cross-national perspective: Results from the Fertility and Family Surveys
    • Dronkers, J., & Härkönen, J. (2008). The intergenerational transmission of divorce in cross-national perspective: Results from the Fertility and Family Surveys. Population Studies, 62, 273-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324720802320475
    • (2008) Population Studies , vol.62 , pp. 273-288
    • Dronkers, J.1    Härkönen, J.2
  • 14
    • 0011913336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Few good men: Why poor mothers don't marry or remarry
    • Edin, K. (2000). Few good men: Why poor mothers don't marry or remarry. American Prospect, 11, 26-31.
    • (2000) American Prospect , vol.11 , pp. 26-31
    • Edin, K.1
  • 15
    • 84855960546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of adolescent deviance on marital trajectories
    • Eggelston-Doherty, E., Green, K. M., & Ensminger, M. E. (2012). The impact of adolescent deviance on marital trajectories. Deviant Behavior, 33, 185-2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.548303
    • (2012) Deviant Behavior , vol.33 , pp. 185-2006
    • Eggelston-Doherty, E.1    Green, K.M.2    Ensminger, M.E.3
  • 16
    • 0031992514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The life course as developmental theory
    • Elder, G. H. Jr. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development, 69, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06128.x
    • (1998) Child Development , vol.69 , pp. 1-12
    • Elder, G.H.1
  • 17
    • 0003367859 scopus 로고
    • Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course
    • Elder, G. H. Jr. (1994). Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 4-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786971
    • (1994) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 4-15
    • Elder, G.H.1
  • 19
    • 34848830378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De-standardization of family-life trajectories of young adults: A crossnational comparison using sequence analysis
    • Elzinga, C. H., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2007). De-standardization of family-life trajectories of young adults: A crossnational comparison using sequence analysis. European Journal of Population, 23, 225-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-007-9133-7
    • (2007) European Journal of Population , vol.23 , pp. 225-250
    • Elzinga, C.H.1    Liefbroer, A.C.2
  • 20
    • 65549133870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family factors in the intergenerational transmission of offending
    • Farrington, D. P., Coid, J. W., & Murray, J. (2009). Family factors in the intergenerational transmission of offending. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 19, 109-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.717
    • (2009) Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , vol.19 , pp. 109-124
    • Farrington, D.P.1    Coid, J.W.2    Murray, J.3
  • 22
    • 78049276398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Marriage always good for children? Evidence from families affected by incarceration
    • Finlay, K., & Neumark, D. (2010). Is Marriage always good for children? Evidence from families affected by incarceration. Journal of Human Resources, 45, 1046-1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhr.2010.0026
    • (2010) Journal of Human Resources , vol.45 , pp. 1046-1088
    • Finlay, K.1    Neumark, D.2
  • 23
    • 36749096901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and intergenerational social exclusion
    • Foster, H., & Hagan, J. (2007). Incarceration and intergenerational social exclusion. Social Problems, 54, 399-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.4.399
    • (2007) Social Problems , vol.54 , pp. 399-433
    • Foster, H.1    Hagan, J.2
  • 24
    • 0025295347 scopus 로고
    • The children of teenage mothers: Patterns of early childbearing in two generations
    • Furstenberg, F. F., Levine, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1990). The children of teenage mothers: Patterns of early childbearing in two generations. Family Planning Perspectives, 22, 54-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135509
    • (1990) Family Planning Perspectives , vol.22 , pp. 54-61
    • Furstenberg, F.F.1    Levine, J.A.2    Brooks-Gunn, J.3
  • 25
    • 84891992177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transition to adulthood during the twentieth century: Race, nativity, and gender
    • R. A. Settersten, F. F. Furstenberg, & R. G. Rumbaut (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Fussell, E., & Furstenberg, F. F. (2005). The transition to adulthood during the twentieth century: Race, nativity, and gender. In R. A. Settersten, F. F. Furstenberg, & R. G. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 29-75). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226748924.003.0002
    • (2005) On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy , pp. 29-75
    • Fussell, E.1    Furstenberg, F.F.2
  • 27
    • 0344035457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood: Relation to onset, recurrence and remission of major depression
    • Gilman, S. E., Kawachi, I., Fitzmaurice, G., & Buka, S. L. (2003). Socioeconomic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood: Relation to onset, recurrence and remission of major depression. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1341-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703008377
    • (2003) Psychological Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 1341-1355
    • Gilman, S.E.1    Kawachi, I.2    Fitzmaurice, G.3    Buka, S.L.4
  • 28
    • 80052814321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The well-being of children of incarcerated mothers: An exploratory study for the Netherlands
    • Hissel, S., Bijleveld, C. C., & Kruttschnitt, C. (2011). The well-being of children of incarcerated mothers: An exploratory study for the Netherlands. European Journal of Criminology, 8, 346-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811415755
    • (2011) European Journal of Criminology , vol.8 , pp. 346-360
    • Hissel, S.1    Bijleveld, C.C.2    Kruttschnitt, C.3
  • 29
    • 0026044025 scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational transmission of school-age parenthood
    • Horwitz, S. M., Klerman, L. V., Kuo, H. S., & Jekel, J. F. (1991). Intergenerational transmission of school-age parenthood. Family Planning Perspectives, 23, 168-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135740
    • (1991) Family Planning Perspectives , vol.23 , pp. 168-177
    • Horwitz, S.M.1    Klerman, L.V.2    Kuo, H.S.3    Jekel, J.F.4
  • 30
    • 0038010979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life with (or without) father: The benefits of living with two biological parents depend on the father's antisocial behavior
    • Jaffee, S. R., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Taylor, A. (2003). Life with (or without) father: The benefits of living with two biological parents depend on the father's antisocial behavior. Child Development, 74, 109-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00524
    • (2003) Child Development , vol.74 , pp. 109-126
    • Jaffee, S.R.1    Moffitt, T.E.2    Caspi, A.3    Taylor, A.4
  • 32
    • 34547099606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women of the 1950s and the normative life course: The implications of childlessness, fertility timing, and marital status for psychological well-being in late midlife
    • Koropeckyj-Cox, T., Pienta, A. M., & Brown, T. H. (2007). Women of the 1950s and the normative life course: The implications of childlessness, fertility timing, and marital status for psychological well-being in late midlife. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64, 299-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8PTL-P745-58U1-3330
    • (2007) International Journal of Aging and Human Development , vol.64 , pp. 299-330
    • Koropeckyj-Cox, T.1    Pienta, A.M.2    Brown, T.H.3
  • 34
    • 11944263890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverging destinies: How children are faring under the second demographic transition
    • McLanahan, S. (2004). Diverging destinies: How children are faring under the second demographic transition. Demography, 41, 607-627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2004.0033
    • (2004) Demography , vol.41 , pp. 607-627
    • McLanahan, S.1
  • 35
    • 0025009258 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events
    • McLeod, J. D., & Kessler, R. C. (1990). Socioeconomic status differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 162-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137170
    • (1990) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.31 , pp. 162-172
    • McLeod, J.D.1    Kessler, R.C.2
  • 36
    • 0033086038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the relationship between fertility of parents and children really weak?
    • Murphy, M. (1999). Is the relationship between fertility of parents and children really weak? Social Biology, 46, 122-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1999.9988991
    • (1999) Social Biology , vol.46 , pp. 122-145
    • Murphy, M.1
  • 37
    • 0036868733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergenerational transmission of fertility in contemporary Denmark: The effects of number of siblings (full and half), birth order, and whether male or female
    • Murphy, M., & Knudsen, L. B. (2002). The intergenerational transmission of fertility in contemporary Denmark: The effects of number of siblings (full and half), birth order, and whether male or female. Population Studies, 56, 235-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324720215937
    • (2002) Population Studies , vol.56 , pp. 235-248
    • Murphy, M.1    Knudsen, L.B.2
  • 38
    • 52949102940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effects of Parental Imprisonment on Children
    • Murray, J., & Farrington, D. P. (2008). The Effects of Parental Imprisonment on Children. Crime and Justice, 37, 133-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520070
    • (2008) Crime and Justice , vol.37 , pp. 133-206
    • Murray, J.1    Farrington, D.P.2
  • 39
    • 48949105304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children of incarcerated parents: Challenges and resiliency, in their own words
    • Nesmith, A., & Ruhland, E. (2008). Children of incarcerated parents: Challenges and resiliency, in their own words. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1119 - 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.02.006
    • (2008) Children and Youth Services Review , vol.30 , pp. 1119-1130
    • Nesmith, A.1    Ruhland, E.2
  • 40
    • 0002436992 scopus 로고
    • Age and the life course
    • R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold
    • Neugarten, B. L., & Hägestad, G. O. (1976). Age and the life course. In R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social Science (pp. 35-55). New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
    • (1976) Handbook of Aging and the Social Science , pp. 35-55
    • Neugarten, B.L.1    Hägestad, G.O.2
  • 41
    • 77957226698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men's and women's pathways to adulthood and their adolescent precursors
    • Oesterle, S., Hawkins, J. D., Hill, K. G., & Bailey, J. A. (2010). Men's and women's pathways to adulthood and their adolescent precursors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 72, 1436-1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00775.x
    • (2010) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.72 , pp. 1436-1453
    • Oesterle, S.1    Hawkins, J.D.2    Hill, K.G.3    Bailey, J.A.4
  • 43
    • 79955759422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conceptual framework for understanding the stigmatization of children of incarcerated parents
    • Phillips, S., & Gates, T. (2011). A conceptual framework for understanding the stigmatization of children of incarcerated parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 286-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-010-9391-6
    • (2011) Journal of Child and Family Studies , vol.20 , pp. 286-294
    • Phillips, S.1    Gates, T.2
  • 44
    • 1642618585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delinquency of children born to young mothers: Results from the Rochester Youth Development Study
    • Pogarsky, G., Lizotte, A. J., & Thornberry, T. P. (2003). The delinquency of children born to young mothers: Results from the Rochester Youth Development Study. Criminology, 41, 101-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01019.x
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , pp. 101-138
    • Pogarsky, G.1    Lizotte, A.J.2    Thornberry, T.P.3
  • 45
    • 33645723575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental outcomes for children of young mothers
    • Pogarsky, G., Thornberry, T. P., & Lizotte, A. J. (2006). Developmental outcomes for children of young mothers. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 68, 332-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00256.x
    • (2006) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.68 , pp. 332-334
    • Pogarsky, G.1    Thornberry, T.P.2    Lizotte, A.J.3
  • 46
    • 80051965141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escaping the family tradition: A multi-generation study of occupational status and criminal behaviour
    • Ramakers, A. A., Bijleveld, C. C., & Ruiter, S. (2011). Escaping the family tradition: A multi-generation study of occupational status and criminal behaviour. British Journal of Criminology, 51, 856-874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr039
    • (2011) British Journal of Criminology , vol.51 , pp. 856-874
    • Ramakers, A.A.1    Bijleveld, C.C.2    Ruiter, S.3
  • 47
    • 84934752749 scopus 로고
    • Role deviance or role diversification: Reassessing the psychosocial factors affecting the parenthood choices of career-oriented women
    • Reading, J., & Amatea, E.S. (1986). Role deviance or role diversification: Reassessing the psychosocial factors affecting the parenthood choices of career-oriented women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 255-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352392
    • (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.48 , pp. 255-260
    • Reading, J.1    Amatea, E.S.2
  • 49
    • 21244479263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age structuring and the rhythm of the life course
    • J. T. Mortimer & M. J. Shanahan (Eds.), New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Settersten, R. A. (2003). Age structuring and the rhythm of the life course. In J. T. Mortimer & M. J. Shanahan (Eds.), Handbook of the Life Course (pp. 81-98). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48247-2_4
    • (2003) Handbook of the Life Course , pp. 81-98
    • Settersten, R.A.1
  • 50
    • 32144455367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom
    • Sigle-Rushton, W. (2005). Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 67, 735-753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00166.x
    • (2005) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.67 , pp. 735-753
    • Sigle-Rushton, W.1
  • 52
    • 84946080234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Table selection gives the total births of all marital and non-marital live-born children between 1950 and 2012 for the Netherlands. Accessed 11th December 2013
    • Statistics Netherlands (2013). Birth; age mother (on 31 December), birth order and fertility rates. Table selection gives the total births of all marital and non-marital live-born children between 1950 and 2012 for the Netherlands. Accessed 11th December 2013 from http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&PA=37744ENG&D1=0,5,10&D2=0&D3=a&LA=EN&VW=T
    • (2013) Birth; age mother (on 31 December), birth order and fertility rates
    • Statistics Netherlands1
  • 54
    • 80051921206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and partnerships
    • Svarer, M. (2011). Crime and partnerships. Review of Economics of the Household, 9, 307-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-010-9104-3
    • (2011) Review of Economics of the Household , vol.9 , pp. 307-325
    • Svarer, M.1
  • 55
    • 27644447237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining multiple patterns of offending across the life course and across generations
    • Thornberry, T. P. (2005). Explaining multiple patterns of offending across the life course and across generations. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 602, 156-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716205280641
    • (2005) The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , vol.602 , pp. 156-195
    • Thornberry, T.P.1
  • 56
    • 34248565985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime, criminal justice, and criminology in the Netherlands
    • M. Tonry & C. C. Bijleveld (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Tonry, M., & Bijleveld, C. C. (2007). Crime, criminal justice, and criminology in the Netherlands. In M. Tonry & C. C. Bijleveld (Eds.), Crime and justice in the Netherlands. Crime and Justice, A review of research, Volume 35 (pp. 1-30). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650192
    • (2007) Crime and justice in the Netherlands. Crime and Justice, A review of research, Volume 35 , pp. 1-30
    • Tonry, M.1    Bijleveld, C.C.2
  • 57
    • 49749127052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Like father, like son? The relationships between conviction trajectories of fathers and their sons and daughters
    • Van de Rakt, M., Nieuwbeerta, P., & De Graaf, N. D. (2008). Like father, like son? The relationships between conviction trajectories of fathers and their sons and daughters. British Journal of Criminology, 48, 538-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn014
    • (2008) British Journal of Criminology , vol.48 , pp. 538-556
    • Van De Rakt, M.1    Nieuwbeerta, P.2    De Graaf, N.D.3
  • 58
    • 77955636481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternal incarceration and children's physically aggressive behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study
    • Wildeman, C. (2010). Paternal incarceration and children's physically aggressive behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Social Forces, 89, 285-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0055
    • (2010) Social Forces , vol.89 , pp. 285-310
    • Wildeman, C.1
  • 59
    • 84911104002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminality and family formation: Effects of marriage and parenthood on criminal behavior for men and women
    • Zoutewelle-Terovan, M., Van der Geest, V. R., Liefbroer, A. C., & Bijleveld, C. C. (2014). Criminality and family formation: Effects of marriage and parenthood on criminal behavior for men and women. Crime and Delinquency, 60(8), 1209-1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712441745
    • (2014) Crime and Delinquency , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 1209-1234
    • Zoutewelle-Terovan, M.1    Van Der Geest, V.R.2    Liefbroer, A.C.3    Bijleveld, C.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.