메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 234-246

Key issues in the management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Latest developments and clinical implications

Author keywords

biologic therapies; long term damage accrual; treat to target

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ANIFROLUMAB; APRIL PROTEIN; ATACICEPT; B CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR; BELIMUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; EPRATUZUMAB; RITUXIMAB; RONTALIZUMAB; SIFALIMUMAB; SIRUKUMAB; TABALUMAB; TOCILIZUMAB;

EID: 84946018186     PISSN: 1759720X     EISSN: 17597218     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1759720X15601805     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 84875729559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of severe systemic lupus erythematosus by TNF blockade and response to anti-IL-6 strategy
    • Adler S. Kolev M. Varisco P. Tham M. von Gunten M. Tappeiner C. et al (2013) Induction of severe systemic lupus erythematosus by TNF blockade and response to anti-IL-6 strategy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131: 1235–1237, 1237 e1231.
    • (2013) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.131 , pp. 1235-1237
    • Adler, S.1    Kolev, M.2    Varisco, P.3    Tham, M.4    von Gunten, M.5    Tappeiner, C.6
  • 2
    • 84934975828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and ameliorates clinical manifestations of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Alexander T. Sarfert R. Klotsche J. Kühl A. Rubbert-Roth A. Lorenz H. et al (2015) The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and ameliorates clinical manifestations of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 74: 1474–1478.
    • (2015) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.74 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Alexander, T.1    Sarfert, R.2    Klotsche, J.3    Kühl, A.4    Rubbert-Roth, A.5    Lorenz, H.6
  • 3
    • 0344492212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus
    • Baechler E. Batliwalla F. Karypis G. Gaffney P. Ortmann W. Espe K. et al (2003) Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 2610–2615.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 2610-2615
    • Baechler, E.1    Batliwalla, F.2    Karypis, G.3    Gaffney, P.4    Ortmann, W.5    Espe, K.6
  • 4
    • 0034533825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity but not with antiretroviral antibodies
    • Bengtsson A. Sturfelt G. Truedsson L. Blomberg J. Alm G. Vallin H. et al (2000) Activation of type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity but not with antiretroviral antibodies. Lupus 9: 664–671.
    • (2000) Lupus , vol.9 , pp. 664-671
    • Bengtsson, A.1    Sturfelt, G.2    Truedsson, L.3    Blomberg, J.4    Alm, G.5    Vallin, H.6
  • 5
    • 0037451167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood
    • Bennett L. Palucka A. Arce E. Cantrell V. Borvak J. Banchereau J. et al (2003) Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood. J Exp Med 197: 711–723.
    • (2003) J Exp Med , vol.197 , pp. 711-723
    • Bennett, L.1    Palucka, A.2    Arce, E.3    Cantrell, V.4    Borvak, J.5    Banchereau, J.6
  • 7
    • 84924190291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort
    • 16 May [Epub ahead of print]
    • Bruce I. O'Keeffe A. Farewell V. Hanly J. Manzi S. Su L. Gladman D. et al (2014) Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 16 May 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) Ann Rheum Dis
    • Bruce, I.1    O'Keeffe, A.2    Farewell, V.3    Hanly, J.4    Manzi, S.5    Su, L.6    Gladman, D.7
  • 9
    • 84993762137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis reaction with rituximab sparks drug safety alert
    • 1 press release January
    • Burton M. Winthrop K. Baddley J. (2015) Hepatitis reaction with rituximab sparks drug safety alert. The Rheumatologist, press release, 1 January 2015.
    • (2015) The Rheumatologist
    • Burton, M.1    Winthrop, K.2    Baddley, J.3
  • 10
    • 56749181048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in the rheumatic diseases: assessing the risks of biological immunosuppressive therapies
    • Calabrese L. Molloy E. (2008) Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in the rheumatic diseases: assessing the risks of biological immunosuppressive therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 64–65.
    • (2008) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.67 , pp. 64-65
    • Calabrese, L.1    Molloy, E.2
  • 11
    • 46849096714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response
    • Cambridge G. Isenberg D. Edwards J. Leandro M. Migone T. Teodorescu M. et al (2008) B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 1011–1016.
    • (2008) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.67 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Cambridge, G.1    Isenberg, D.2    Edwards, J.3    Leandro, M.4    Migone, T.5    Teodorescu, M.6
  • 12
    • 79952196706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of rituximab in refractory and relapsing systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Catapano F. Chaudhry A. Jones R. Smith K. Jayne D. (2010) Long-term efficacy and safety of rituximab in refractory and relapsing systemic lupus erythematosus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25: 3586–3592.
    • (2010) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.25 , pp. 3586-3592
    • Catapano, F.1    Chaudhry, A.2    Jones, R.3    Smith, K.4    Jayne, D.5
  • 13
    • 0034972257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases
    • Cheema G. Roschke V. Hilbert D. Stohl W. (2001) Elevated serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 44: 1313–1319.
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , pp. 1313-1319
    • Cheema, G.1    Roschke, V.2    Hilbert, D.3    Stohl, W.4
  • 14
    • 34548223736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine IL-6 and IL-10 as biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Chun H. Chung J. Kim H. Yun J. Jeon J. Ye Y. et al (2007) Cytokine IL-6 and IL-10 as biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 27: 461–466.
    • (2007) J Clin Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 461-466
    • Chun, H.1    Chung, J.2    Kim, H.3    Yun, J.4    Jeon, J.5    Ye, Y.6
  • 15
    • 33746961890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks
    • Cohen S. Emery P. Greenwald M. Dougados M. Furie R. Genovese M. et al (2006) Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 54: 2793–2806.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 2793-2806
    • Cohen, S.1    Emery, P.2    Greenwald, M.3    Dougados, M.4    Furie, R.5    Genovese, M.6
  • 16
    • 70350520105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) isoforms in systemic lupus erythematosus: disease activity correlates better with blood leukocyte BLyS mRNA levels than with plasma BLyS protein levels
    • Collins C. Gavin A. Migone T. Hilbert D. Nemazee D. Stohl W. (2006) B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) isoforms in systemic lupus erythematosus: disease activity correlates better with blood leukocyte BLyS mRNA levels than with plasma BLyS protein levels. Arthritis Res Ther 8: R6.
    • (2006) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.8 , pp. R6
    • Collins, C.1    Gavin, A.2    Migone, T.3    Hilbert, D.4    Nemazee, D.5    Stohl, W.6
  • 17
    • 84880243381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective observational single-centre cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of treating lupus nephritis with rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil but no oral steroids
    • Condon M. Ashby D. Pepper R. Cook H. Levy J. Griffith M. et al (2013) Prospective observational single-centre cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of treating lupus nephritis with rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil but no oral steroids. Ann Rheum Dis 72: 1280–1286.
    • (2013) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.72 , pp. 1280-1286
    • Condon, M.1    Ashby, D.2    Pepper, R.3    Cook, H.4    Levy, J.5    Griffith, M.6
  • 18
    • 2342495275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of renal damage in murine lupus nephritis by CTLA-4Ig and cyclophosphamide
    • Cunnane G. Chan O. Cassafer G. Brindis S. Kaufman E. Yen T. et al (2004) Prevention of renal damage in murine lupus nephritis by CTLA-4Ig and cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 50: 1539–1548.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 1539-1548
    • Cunnane, G.1    Chan, O.2    Cassafer, G.3    Brindis, S.4    Kaufman, E.5    Yen, T.6
  • 19
    • 0035284737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: reversal of murine lupus nephritis with CTLA4Ig and cyclophosphamide
    • Daikh D. Wofsy D. (2001) Cutting edge: reversal of murine lupus nephritis with CTLA4Ig and cyclophosphamide. J Immunol 166: 2913–2916.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 2913-2916
    • Daikh, D.1    Wofsy, D.2
  • 20
    • 37149032474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a multicenter, phase Ib, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial
    • Dall'era M. Chakravarty E. Wallace D. Genovese M. Weisman M. Kavanaugh A. et al (2007) Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a multicenter, phase Ib, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial. Arthritis Rheum 56: 4142–4150.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.56 , pp. 4142-4150
    • Dall'era, M.1    Chakravarty, E.2    Wallace, D.3    Genovese, M.4    Weisman, M.5    Kavanaugh, A.6
  • 21
    • 65249107367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal damage is the most important predictor of mortality within the damage index: data from LUMINA LXIV, a multiethnic US cohort
    • Danila M. Pons-Estel G. Zhang J. Danila M. Zhang J. Bastian H. et al (2009) Renal damage is the most important predictor of mortality within the damage index: data from LUMINA LXIV, a multiethnic US cohort. Rheumatology 48: 542–545.
    • (2009) Rheumatology , vol.48 , pp. 542-545
    • Danila, M.1    Danila, M.2    Pons-Estel, G.3    Zhang, J.4    Zhang, J.5    Bastian, H.6
  • 23
    • 84857502425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of rituximab in 164 patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis: pooled data from European cohorts
    • Diaz-Lagares C. Croca S. Sangle S. Vital E. Catapano F. Martínez-Berriotxoa A. et al (2012) Efficacy of rituximab in 164 patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis: pooled data from European cohorts. Autoimmun Rev 11: 357–364.
    • (2012) Autoimmun Rev , vol.11 , pp. 357-364
    • Diaz-Lagares, C.1    Croca, S.2    Sangle, S.3    Vital, E.4    Catapano, F.5    Martínez-Berriotxoa, A.6
  • 24
    • 77957004137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-lymphocyte stimulator/a proliferation-inducing ligand heterotrimers are elevated in the sera of patients with autoimmune disease and are neutralized by atacicept and B-cell maturation antigen-immunoglobulin
    • Dillon S. Harder B. Lewis K. Moore M. Liu H. Bukowski T. et al (2010) B-lymphocyte stimulator/a proliferation-inducing ligand heterotrimers are elevated in the sera of patients with autoimmune disease and are neutralized by atacicept and B-cell maturation antigen-immunoglobulin. Arthritis Res Ther 12: R48.
    • (2010) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.12 , pp. R48
    • Dillon, S.1    Harder, B.2    Lewis, K.3    Moore, M.4    Liu, H.5    Bukowski, T.6
  • 25
    • 53749095799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial clinical trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Dorner T. Kaufmann J. Wegener W. Teoh N. Goldenberg D. Burmester G. et al (2006) Initial clinical trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 8: R74.
    • (2006) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.8 , pp. R74
    • Dorner, T.1    Kaufmann, J.2    Wegener, W.3    Teoh, N.4    Goldenberg, D.5    Burmester, G.6
  • 27
    • 0028483990 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA4Ig
    • Finck B. Linsley P. Wofsy D. (1994) Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA4Ig. Science 265: 1225–1227.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1225-1227
    • Finck, B.1    Linsley, P.2    Wofsy, D.3
  • 28
    • 84900512055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lupus patient treated with belimumab
    • 14 February [Epub ahead of print]
    • Fredericks C. Kvam K. Bear J. Crabtree G. Josephson S. (2014) A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lupus patient treated with belimumab. Lupus. 14 February 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) Lupus
    • Fredericks, C.1    Kvam, K.2    Bear, J.3    Crabtree, G.4    Josephson, S.5
  • 29
    • 84896274377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of abatacept in lupus nephritis: a twelve-month, randomized, double-blind study
    • Furie R. Nicholls K. Cheng T. Houssiau F. Burgos-Vargas R. Chen S. et al (2014) Efficacy and safety of abatacept in lupus nephritis: a twelve-month, randomized, double-blind study. Arthritis Rheumatol 66: 379–389.
    • (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol , vol.66 , pp. 379-389
    • Furie, R.1    Nicholls, K.2    Cheng, T.3    Houssiau, F.4    Burgos-Vargas, R.5    Chen, S.6
  • 30
    • 82455198794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Furie R. Petri M. Zamani O. Cervera R. Wallace D. Tegzová D. et al (2011) A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 63: 3918–3930.
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum , vol.63 , pp. 3918-3930
    • Furie, R.1    Petri, M.2    Zamani, O.3    Cervera, R.4    Wallace, D.5    Tegzová, D.6
  • 32
    • 84856795563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atacicept in combination with MMF and corticosteroids in lupus nephritis: results of a prematurely terminated trial
    • Ginzler E. Wax S. Rajeswaran A. Copt S. Hillson J. Ramos E. et al (2012) Atacicept in combination with MMF and corticosteroids in lupus nephritis: results of a prematurely terminated trial. Arthritis Res Ther 14: R33.
    • (2012) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.14 , pp. R33
    • Ginzler, E.1    Wax, S.2    Rajeswaran, A.3    Copt, S.4    Hillson, J.5    Ramos, E.6
  • 33
    • 17344380531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease
    • Gross J. Johnston J. Mudri S. Enselman R. Dillon S. Madden K. et al (2000) TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease. Nature 404: 995–999.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 995-999
    • Gross, J.1    Johnston, J.2    Mudri, S.3    Enselman, R.4    Dillon, S.5    Madden, K.6
  • 34
    • 84856153814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib prevents lupus nephritis in the NZB/W F 1 mouse model by preservation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial architecture
    • Hainz N. Thomas S. Neubert K. Meister S. Benz K. Rauh M. et al (2012) The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib prevents lupus nephritis in the NZB/W F 1 mouse model by preservation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial architecture. Nephron Exp Nephrol 120: e47–e58.
    • (2012) Nephron Exp Nephrol , vol.120 , pp. e47-e58
    • Hainz, N.1    Thomas, S.2    Neubert, K.3    Meister, S.4    Benz, K.5    Rauh, M.6
  • 36
    • 75749113331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage-escalation study
    • Illei G. Shirota Y. Yarboro C. Daruwalla J. Tackey E. Takada K. et al (2010) Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 62: 542–552.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 542-552
    • Illei, G.1    Shirota, Y.2    Yarboro, C.3    Daruwalla, J.4    Tackey, E.5    Takada, K.6
  • 37
    • 84908888367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of atacicept for prevention of flares in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 52-week data (APRIL-SLE randomised trial)
    • 20 June [Epub ahead of print]
    • Isenberg D. Gordon C. Licu D. Copt S. Rossi C. Wofsy D. (2014) Efficacy and safety of atacicept for prevention of flares in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 52-week data (APRIL-SLE randomised trial). Ann Rheum Dis. 20 June 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) Ann Rheum Dis
    • Isenberg, D.1    Gordon, C.2    Licu, D.3    Copt, S.4    Rossi, C.5    Wofsy, D.6
  • 38
    • 41849121941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of epratuzumab on peripheral blood B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus versus normal controls
    • Jacobi A. Goldenberg D. Hiepe F. Radbruch A. Burmester G. Dörner T. (2008) Differential effects of epratuzumab on peripheral blood B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus versus normal controls. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 450–457.
    • (2008) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.67 , pp. 450-457
    • Jacobi, A.1    Goldenberg, D.2    Hiepe, F.3    Radbruch, A.4    Burmester, G.5    Dörner, T.6
  • 39
    • 77954632414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis
    • Jones R. Tervaert J. Hauser T. Luqmani R. Morgan M. Peh C. et al (2010) Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med 363: 211–220.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 211-220
    • Jones, R.1    Tervaert, J.2    Hauser, T.3    Luqmani, R.4    Morgan, M.5    Peh, C.6
  • 40
    • 2642695725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against double-stranded DNA and development of polymyositis during treatment with interferon
    • Kalkner K. Rönnblom L. Karlsson Parra A. Bengtsson M. Olsson Y. Oberg K. (1998) Antibodies against double-stranded DNA and development of polymyositis during treatment with interferon. QJM 91: 393–399.
    • (1998) QJM , vol.91 , pp. 393-399
    • Kalkner, K.1    Rönnblom, L.2    Karlsson Parra, A.3    Bengtsson, M.4    Olsson, Y.5    Oberg, K.6
  • 41
    • 84872742722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of massive intractable pericardial effusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with tocilizumab
    • DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007834.
    • Kamata Y. Minota S. (2012) Successful treatment of massive intractable pericardial effusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with tocilizumab. BMJ Case Rep. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007834.
    • (2012) BMJ Case Rep
    • Kamata, Y.1    Minota, S.2
  • 42
    • 84933688195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of sifalimumab, an anti IFN-alpha monoclonal antibody, in a phase 2b study of moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
    • (Late Breaking Abstract)
    • Khamashta M. Merrill J. Werth V. Furie R. Kalunian K. Illei G. et al (2014) Safety and efficacy of sifalimumab, an anti IFN-alpha monoclonal antibody, in a phase 2b study of moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Arthritis Rheum (Late Breaking Abstract) 66: L4.
    • (2014) Arthritis Rheum , vol.66 , pp. L4
    • Khamashta, M.1    Merrill, J.2    Werth, V.3    Furie, R.4    Kalunian, K.5    Illei, G.6
  • 43
    • 34548327158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding the 3′-5′ DNA exonuclease TREX 1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Lee-Kirsch M. Gong M. Chowdhury D. Senenko L. Engel K. Lee Y. et al (2007) Mutations in the gene encoding the 3′-5′ DNA exonuclease TREX 1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet 39: 1065–1067.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1065-1067
    • Lee-Kirsch, M.1    Gong, M.2    Chowdhury, D.3    Senenko, L.4    Engel, K.5    Lee, Y.6
  • 44
    • 33750011260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody inhibits autoimmune responses in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Liang B. Gardner D. Griswold D. Bugelski P. Song X. (2006) Anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody inhibits autoimmune responses in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 119: 296–305.
    • (2006) Immunology , vol.119 , pp. 296-305
    • Liang, B.1    Gardner, D.2    Griswold, D.3    Bugelski, P.4    Song, X.5
  • 45
    • 0025990288 scopus 로고
    • Elevated levels of endogenous IL-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus. A putative role in pathogenesis
    • Linker-Israeli M. Deans R. Wallace D. Prehn J. Ozeri-Chen T. Klinenberg J. (1991) Elevated levels of endogenous IL-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus. A putative role in pathogenesis. J Immunol 147: 117–123.
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.147 , pp. 117-123
    • Linker-Israeli, M.1    Deans, R.2    Wallace, D.3    Prehn, J.4    Ozeri-Chen, T.5    Klinenberg, J.6
  • 46
    • 65249187242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective seven-year analysis of the use of B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus at University College London Hospital: the first fifty patients
    • Lu T. Ng K. Cambridge G. Leandro M. Edwards J. Ehrenstein M. et al (2009) A retrospective seven-year analysis of the use of B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus at University College London Hospital: the first fifty patients. Arthritis Rheum 61: 482–487.
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.61 , pp. 482-487
    • Lu, T.1    Ng, K.2    Cambridge, G.3    Leandro, M.4    Edwards, J.5    Ehrenstein, M.6
  • 47
    • 84859757911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of interleukin 6 antagonist tocilizumab in a patient with refractory cutaneous lupus and urticarial vasculitis
    • Makol A. Gibson L. Michet C. (2012) Successful use of interleukin 6 antagonist tocilizumab in a patient with refractory cutaneous lupus and urticarial vasculitis. J Clin Rheumatol 18: 92–95.
    • (2012) J Clin Rheumatol , vol.18 , pp. 92-95
    • Makol, A.1    Gibson, L.2    Michet, C.3
  • 48
    • 0037310430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The level of BLyS (BAFF) correlates with the titre of autoantibodies in human Sjögren's syndrome
    • Mariette X. Roux S. Zhang J. Bengoufa D. Lavie F. Zhou T. et al (2003) The level of BLyS (BAFF) correlates with the titre of autoantibodies in human Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 168–171.
    • (2003) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.62 , pp. 168-171
    • Mariette, X.1    Roux, S.2    Zhang, J.3    Bengoufa, D.4    Lavie, F.5    Zhou, T.6
  • 49
    • 84868144947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and pharmacodynamics of rontalizumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a phase I., placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study
    • McBride J. Jiang J. Abbas A. Morimoto A. Li J. Maciuca R. et al (2012) Safety and pharmacodynamics of rontalizumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a phase I, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 64: 3666–3676.
    • (2012) Arthritis Rheum , vol.64 , pp. 3666-3676
    • McBride, J.1    Jiang, J.2    Abbas, A.3    Morimoto, A.4    Li, J.5    Maciuca, R.6
  • 50
    • 49749200274 scopus 로고
    • Determination of prognosis in chronic disease, illustrated by systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Merrell M. Shulman L. (1995) Determination of prognosis in chronic disease, illustrated by systemic lupus erythematosus. J Chronic Dis 1: 12–32.
    • (1995) J Chronic Dis , vol.1 , pp. 12-32
    • Merrell, M.1    Shulman, L.2
  • 51
    • 77957682858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with non-life-threatening manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a twelve-month, multicenter, exploratory, phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Merrill J. Burgos-Vargas R. Westhovens R. Houssiau F. Burgos-Vargas R. Chen S. et al (2010 a) The efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with non-life-threatening manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a twelve-month, multicenter, exploratory, phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 62: 3077–3087.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 3077-3087
    • Merrill, J.1    Burgos-Vargas, R.2    Burgos-Vargas, R.3    Westhovens, R.4    Houssiau, F.5    Chen, S.6
  • 52
    • 74849131972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, phase II/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial
    • Merrill J. Neuwelt C. Wallace D. Shanahan J. Latinis K. Oates J. et al (2010 b) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, phase II/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial. Arthritis Rheum 62: 222–233.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 222-233
    • Merrill, J.1    Neuwelt, C.2    Wallace, D.3    Shanahan, J.4    Latinis, K.5    Oates, J.6
  • 53
    • 80053562466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety profile and clinical activity of sifalimumab, a fully human anti-interferon alpha monoclonal antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I., multicentre, double-blind randomised study
    • Merrill J. Wallace D. Petri M. Kirou K. Yao Y. White W. et al (2011) Safety profile and clinical activity of sifalimumab, a fully human anti-interferon alpha monoclonal antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I, multicentre, double-blind randomised study. Ann Rheum Dis 70: 1905–1913.
    • (2011) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.70 , pp. 1905-1913
    • Merrill, J.1    Wallace, D.2    Petri, M.3    Kirou, K.4    Yao, Y.5    White, W.6
  • 54
    • 0031861643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 receptor blockage inhibits the onset of autoimmune kidney disease in NZB/W F 1 mice
    • Mihara M. Takagi N. Takeda Y. Ohsugi Y. (1998) IL-6 receptor blockage inhibits the onset of autoimmune kidney disease in NZB/W F 1 mice. Clin Exp Immunol 112: 397–402.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 397-402
    • Mihara, M.1    Takagi, N.2    Takeda, Y.3    Ohsugi, Y.4
  • 55
    • 0033538468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator
    • Moore P. Belvedere O. Orr A. Pieri K. LaFleur D. Feng P. et al (1999) BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator. Science 285: 260–263.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 260-263
    • Moore, P.1    Belvedere, O.2    Orr, A.3    Pieri, K.4    LaFleur, D.5    Feng, P.6
  • 56
    • 84940448778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target modulation of a type i interferon (IFN) gene signature with sifalimumab or anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in two open label phase 2 Japanese trials
    • Morehouse C. Chang L. Wang L. Brohawn P. Ueda S. Illei G. et al (2014) Target modulation of a type i interferon (IFN) gene signature with sifalimumab or anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in two open label phase 2 Japanese trials. Arthritis Rheum 66: 719.
    • (2014) Arthritis Rheum , vol.66 , pp. 719
    • Morehouse, C.1    Chang, L.2    Wang, L.3    Brohawn, P.4    Ueda, S.5    Illei, G.6
  • 57
    • 0029901773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephritic flares” are predictors of bad long-term renal outcome in lupus nephritis
    • Moroni G. Quaglini S. Maccario M. Banfi G. Ponticelli C. (1996) “Nephritic flares” are predictors of bad long-term renal outcome in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 50: 2047–2053.
    • (1996) Kidney Int , vol.50 , pp. 2047-2053
    • Moroni, G.1    Quaglini, S.2    Maccario, M.3    Banfi, G.4    Ponticelli, C.5
  • 58
    • 0036226234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal flares in 91 SLE patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
    • Mosca M. Bencivelli W. Neri R. Pasquariello A. Batini V. Puccini R. et al (2002) Renal flares in 91 SLE patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 61: 1502–1509.
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.61 , pp. 1502-1509
    • Mosca, M.1    Bencivelli, W.2    Neri, R.3    Pasquariello, A.4    Batini, V.5    Puccini, R.6
  • 59
    • 79952070370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Navarra S. Guzman R. Gallacher A. Hall S. Levy R. Jimenez R. et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 377: 721–731.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 721-731
    • Navarra, S.1    Guzman, R.2    Gallacher, A.3    Hall, S.4    Levy, R.5    Jimenez, R.6
  • 60
    • 84924533345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for antagonistic activity of anifrolumab, an anti-interferon-α receptor 1 antibody
    • Peng L. Oganesyan V. Wu H. Dall'Acqua W. Damschroder M. (2015) Molecular basis for antagonistic activity of anifrolumab, an anti-interferon-α receptor 1 antibody. MAbs 7: 428–439.
    • (2015) MAbs , vol.7 , pp. 428-439
    • Peng, L.1    Oganesyan, V.2    Wu, H.3    Dall'Acqua, W.4    Damschroder, M.5
  • 61
    • 71049118062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab is an effective treatment for lupus nephritis and allows a reduction in maintenance steroids
    • Pepper R. Griffith M. Kirwan C. Levy J. Taube D. Pusey C. et al (2009) Rituximab is an effective treatment for lupus nephritis and allows a reduction in maintenance steroids. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 3717–3723.
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 3717-3723
    • Pepper, R.1    Griffith, M.2    Kirwan, C.3    Levy, J.4    Taube, D.5    Pusey, C.6
  • 62
    • 0030457978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum and urinary interleukin-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Peterson E. Robertson A. Emlen W. (1996) Serum and urinary interleukin-6 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 5: 571–575.
    • (1996) Lupus , vol.5 , pp. 571-575
    • Peterson, E.1    Robertson, A.2    Emlen, W.3
  • 63
    • 49449092839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma B lymphocyte stimulator levels and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Petri M. Stohl W. Chatham W. McCune W. Chevrier M. Ryel J. et al (2008) Association of plasma B lymphocyte stimulator levels and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 58: 2453–2459.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 2453-2459
    • Petri, M.1    Stohl, W.2    Chatham, W.3    McCune, W.4    Chevrier, M.5    Ryel, J.6
  • 64
    • 84875697484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sifalimumab, a human anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I randomized, controlled, dose-escalation study
    • Petri M. Wallace D. Spindler A. Chindalore V. Kalunian K. Mysler E. et al (2013) Sifalimumab, a human anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I randomized, controlled, dose-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 65: 1011–1021.
    • (2013) Arthritis Rheum , vol.65 , pp. 1011-1021
    • Petri, M.1    Wallace, D.2    Spindler, A.3    Chindalore, V.4    Kalunian, K.5    Mysler, E.6
  • 65
    • 84892543108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of repeated cycles of a once-weekly regimen of bortezomib in lupus
    • Quartuccio L. Rupolo M. Michieli M. de Vita S. (2014) Efficacy and tolerability of repeated cycles of a once-weekly regimen of bortezomib in lupus. Rheumatology 53: 381–382.
    • (2014) Rheumatology , vol.53 , pp. 381-382
    • Quartuccio, L.1    Rupolo, M.2    Michieli, M.3    de Vita, S.4
  • 66
    • 0029851224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costimulatory B 7 molecules in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases
    • Reiser H. Stadecker M. (1996) Costimulatory B 7 molecules in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases. N Engl J Med 335: 1369–1377.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1369-1377
    • Reiser, H.1    Stadecker, M.2
  • 67
    • 84899495767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gain-of-function mutations in IFIH 1 cause a spectrum of human disease phenotypes associated with upregulated type I interferon signaling
    • Rice G. del Toro Duany Y. Jenkinson E. Forte G. Anderson B. Ariaudo G. et al (2014) Gain-of-function mutations in IFIH 1 cause a spectrum of human disease phenotypes associated with upregulated type I interferon signaling. Nat Genet 46: 503–509.
    • (2014) Nat Genet , vol.46 , pp. 503-509
    • Rice, G.1    del Toro Duany, Y.2    Jenkinson, E.3    Forte, G.4    Anderson, B.5    Ariaudo, G.6
  • 68
    • 84887607415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study
    • Rice G. Forte G. Szynkiewicz M. Chase D. Aeby A. Abdel-Hamid M. et al (2013) Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol 12: 1159–1169.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 1159-1169
    • Rice, G.1    Forte, G.2    Szynkiewicz, M.3    Chase, D.4    Aeby, A.5    Abdel-Hamid, M.6
  • 69
    • 0025057503 scopus 로고
    • Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon-alpha treatment in a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumour
    • Ronnblom L. Alm G. Oberg K. (1990) Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon-alpha treatment in a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumour. J Intern Med 227: 207–210.
    • (1990) J Intern Med , vol.227 , pp. 207-210
    • Ronnblom, L.1    Alm, G.2    Oberg, K.3
  • 70
    • 0025911863 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity after alpha-interferon therapy for malignant carcinoid tumors
    • Ronnblom L. Alm G. Oberg K. (1991) Autoimmunity after alpha-interferon therapy for malignant carcinoid tumors. Ann Intern Med 115: 178–183.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 178-183
    • Ronnblom, L.1    Alm, G.2    Oberg, K.3
  • 71
    • 84901311724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD22/CD20 Bispecific antibody with enhanced trogocytosis for treatment of Lupus
    • Rossi E. Chang C. Goldenberg D. (2014) Anti-CD22/CD20 Bispecific antibody with enhanced trogocytosis for treatment of Lupus. PloS ONE 9: e98315.
    • (2014) PloS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e98315
    • Rossi, E.1    Chang, C.2    Goldenberg, D.3
  • 72
    • 84885332343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trogocytosis of multiple B-cell surface markers by CD 22 targeting with epratuzumab
    • Rossi E. Goldenberg D. Michel R. Rossi D. Wallace D. Chang C. (2013) Trogocytosis of multiple B-cell surface markers by CD 22 targeting with epratuzumab. Blood 122: 3020–3029.
    • (2013) Blood , vol.122 , pp. 3020-3029
    • Rossi, E.1    Goldenberg, D.2    Michel, R.3    Rossi, D.4    Wallace, D.5    Chang, C.6
  • 73
    • 84866184129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab study
    • Rovin B. Furie R. Latinis K. Looney R. Fervenza F. Sanchez-Guerrero J. et al (2012) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab study. Arthritis Rheum 64: 1215–1226.
    • (2012) Arthritis Rheum , vol.64 , pp. 1215-1226
    • Rovin, B.1    Furie, R.2    Latinis, K.3    Looney, R.4    Fervenza, F.5    Sanchez-Guerrero, J.6
  • 74
  • 75
    • 0031730773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the CTLA-4 receptor in T cell activation and immunity. Physiologic function of the CTLA-4 receptor
    • Scheipers P. Reiser H. (1998) Role of the CTLA-4 receptor in T cell activation and immunity. Physiologic function of the CTLA-4 receptor. Immunol Res 18: 103–115.
    • (1998) Immunol Res , vol.18 , pp. 103-115
    • Scheipers, P.1    Reiser, H.2
  • 76
    • 0033532634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth
    • Schneider P. Mackay F. Steiner V. Hofmann K. Bodmer J. Holler N. et al (1999) BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J Exp Med 189: 1747–1756.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.189 , pp. 1747-1756
    • Schneider, P.1    Mackay, F.2    Steiner, V.3    Hofmann, K.4    Bodmer, J.5    Holler, N.6
  • 77
    • 84871042935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of anti-interleukin-6 receptor blockade on circulating T and B cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Shirota Y. Yarboro C. Fischer R. Pham T. Lipsky P. Illei G. (2013) Impact of anti-interleukin-6 receptor blockade on circulating T and B cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 72: 118–128.
    • (2013) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.72 , pp. 118-128
    • Shirota, Y.1    Yarboro, C.2    Fischer, R.3    Pham, T.4    Lipsky, P.5    Illei, G.6
  • 78
    • 77951056252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus and its ABCs (APRIL/BLyS complexes)
    • Stohl W. (2010) Systemic lupus erythematosus and its ABCs (APRIL/BLyS complexes). Arthritis Res Ther 12: 111.
    • (2010) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.12 , pp. 111
    • Stohl, W.1
  • 80
    • 77955379986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from 136 patients from the French AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry
    • Terrier B. Amoura Z. Ravaud P. Hachulla E. Jouenne R. Combe B. et al (2010) Safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from 136 patients from the French AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry. Arthritis Rheum 62: 2458–2466.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 2458-2466
    • Terrier, B.1    Amoura, Z.2    Ravaud, P.3    Hachulla, E.4    Jouenne, R.5    Combe, B.6
  • 81
    • 0035860466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF
    • Thompson J. Bixler S. Qian F. Vora K. Scott M. Cachero T. et al (2001) BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF. Science 293: 2108–2111.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2108-2111
    • Thompson, J.1    Bixler, S.2    Qian, F.3    Vora, K.4    Scott, M.5    Cachero, T.6
  • 82
    • 0033623775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased excretions of beta2-microglobulin, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine of patients with active lupus nephritis
    • Tsai C. Wu T. Yu C. Lu J. Tsai Y. (2000) Increased excretions of beta2-microglobulin, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. Nephron 85: 207–214.
    • (2000) Nephron , vol.85 , pp. 207-214
    • Tsai, C.1    Wu, T.2    Yu, C.3    Lu, J.4    Tsai, Y.5
  • 83
    • 84899937611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force
    • van Vollenhoven R. Mosca M. Bertsias G. Isenberg D. Kuhn A. Lerstrøm K. et al (2014) Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 73: 958–967.
    • (2014) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.73 , pp. 958-967
    • van Vollenhoven, R.1    Mosca, M.2    Bertsias, G.3    Isenberg, D.4    Kuhn, A.5    Lerstrøm, K.6
  • 84
    • 84863850571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: high disease activity predictors of response
    • van Vollenhoven R. Petri M. Cervera R. Roth D. Ji B. Kleoudis C. et al (2012) Belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: high disease activity predictors of response. Ann Rheum Dis 7: 1343–1349.
    • (2012) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.7 , pp. 1343-1349
    • van Vollenhoven, R.1    Petri, M.2    Cervera, R.3    Roth, D.4    Ji, B.5    Kleoudis, C.6
  • 85
    • 84879502096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of epratuzumab in patients with moderate/severe flaring systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies (ALLEVIATE) and follow-up
    • Wallace D. Gordon C. Strand V. Hobbs K. Petri M. Kalunian K. et al (2013) Efficacy and safety of epratuzumab in patients with moderate/severe flaring systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies (ALLEVIATE) and follow-up. Rheumatology 52: 1313–1322.
    • (2013) Rheumatology , vol.52 , pp. 1313-1322
    • Wallace, D.1    Gordon, C.2    Strand, V.3    Hobbs, K.4    Petri, M.5    Kalunian, K.6
  • 86
    • 84889657510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of epratuzumab in patients with moderate/severe active systemic lupus erythematosus: results from EMBLEM, a phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study
    • Wallace D. Kalunian K. Petri M. Strand V. Houssiau F. Pike M. et al (2014 a) Efficacy and safety of epratuzumab in patients with moderate/severe active systemic lupus erythematosus: results from EMBLEM, a phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Ann Rheum Dis 73: 183–190.
    • (2014) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.73 , pp. 183-190
    • Wallace, D.1    Kalunian, K.2    Petri, M.3    Strand, V.4    Houssiau, F.5    Pike, M.6
  • 87
    • 84946078285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of disease activity and reduction of severe flares following subcutaneous administration of an IL-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in subjects with active generalized systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
    • ACR abstract.
    • Wallace D. Popa S. Spindler A. (2014 b) Improvement of disease activity and reduction of severe flares following subcutaneous administration of an IL-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in subjects with active generalized systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ACR abstract.
    • (2014)
    • Wallace, D.1    Popa, S.2    Spindler, A.3
  • 88
    • 84925581698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of warm-type haemolytic anaemia with bortezomib in a rituximab-failed systemic lupus erythematosus patient
    • Wang Y. Zhou W. Zhang Z. (2015) Successful treatment of warm-type haemolytic anaemia with bortezomib in a rituximab-failed systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Rheumatology 54: 194–195.
    • (2015) Rheumatology , vol.54 , pp. 194-195
    • Wang, Y.1    Zhou, W.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 89
    • 84878421687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alternative primary outcome measures for use in lupus nephritis clinical trials
    • Wofsy D. Hillson P. Diamond B. (2013) Comparison of alternative primary outcome measures for use in lupus nephritis clinical trials. Arthritis Rheum 65: 1586–1591.
    • (2013) Arthritis Rheum , vol.65 , pp. 1586-1591
    • Wofsy, D.1    Hillson, P.2    Diamond, B.3
  • 90
    • 2442593227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on intramuscular injection of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3- IL-6 on BXSB mice
    • Yang G. Liu H. Jiang M. Jiang X. Li S. Yuan Y. et al (1998) Experimental study on intramuscular injection of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3- IL-6 on BXSB mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 111: 38–42.
    • (1998) Chin Med J (Engl) , vol.111 , pp. 38-42
    • Yang, G.1    Liu, H.2    Jiang, M.3    Jiang, X.4    Li, S.5    Yuan, Y.6
  • 91
    • 0020026322 scopus 로고
    • Serum interferon levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Ytterberg S. Schnitzer T. (1982) Serum interferon levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25: 401–406.
    • (1982) Arthritis Rheum , vol.25 , pp. 401-406
    • Ytterberg, S.1    Schnitzer, T.2
  • 92
    • 84885182982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lupuzor/P140 peptide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb clinical trial
    • Zimmer R. Scherbarth H. Rillo O. Gomez-Reino J. Muller S. (2013) Lupuzor/P140 peptide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis 72: 1830–1835.
    • (2013) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.72 , pp. 1830-1835
    • Zimmer, R.1    Scherbarth, H.2    Rillo, O.3    Gomez-Reino, J.4    Muller, S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.