메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 9986-9993

The Interplay of Size and Surface Functionality on the Cellular Uptake of Sub-10 nm Gold Nanoparticles

Author keywords

endocytosis pathway; passive fusion; size dependent; sub 10 nm gold nanoparticles; surface charge

Indexed keywords

CELL ENGINEERING; FIBER OPTIC SENSORS; GOLD; MEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE CHARGE;

EID: 84945909864     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03521     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (335)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 40449122796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Response is Size-Dependent
    • Jiang, W.; Kim, B. Y. S.; Rutka, J. T.; Chan, W. C. W. Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Response is Size-Dependent Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 145-150 10.1038/nnano.2008.30
    • (2008) Nat. Nanotechnol. , vol.3 , pp. 145-150
    • Jiang, W.1    Kim, B.Y.S.2    Rutka, J.T.3    Chan, W.C.W.4
  • 2
    • 55749091647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle Size and Surface Properties Determine the Protein Corona with Possible Implications for Biological Impacts
    • Lundqvist, M.; Stigler, J.; Elia, G.; Lynch, I.; Cedervall, T.; Dawson, K. A. Nanoparticle Size and Surface Properties Determine the Protein Corona with Possible Implications for Biological Impacts Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105, 14265-14270 10.1073/pnas.0805135105
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.105 , pp. 14265-14270
    • Lundqvist, M.1    Stigler, J.2    Elia, G.3    Lynch, I.4    Cedervall, T.5    Dawson, K.A.6
  • 3
    • 59249100198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-Dependent Endocytosis of Nanoparticles
    • Zhang, S. L.; Li, J.; Lykotrafitis, G.; Bao, G.; Suresh, S. Size-Dependent Endocytosis of Nanoparticles Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 419-424 10.1002/adma.200801393
    • (2009) Adv. Mater. , vol.21 , pp. 419-424
    • Zhang, S.L.1    Li, J.2    Lykotrafitis, G.3    Bao, G.4    Suresh, S.5
  • 4
    • 84871981690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior Penetration and Retention Behavior of 50 nm Gold Nanoparticles in Tumors
    • Huo, S. D.; Ma, H. L.; Huang, K. Y.; Liu, J.; Wei, T.; Jin, S. B.; Zhang, J. C.; He, S. T.; Liang, X. J. Superior Penetration and Retention Behavior of 50 nm Gold Nanoparticles in Tumors Cancer Res. 2013, 73, 319-330 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2071
    • (2013) Cancer Res. , vol.73 , pp. 319-330
    • Huo, S.D.1    Ma, H.L.2    Huang, K.Y.3    Liu, J.4    Wei, T.5    Jin, S.B.6    Zhang, J.C.7    He, S.T.8    Liang, X.J.9
  • 5
    • 81855171999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gold Nanoparticles Induce Autophagosome Accumulation through Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Uptake and Lysosome Impairment
    • Ma, X.; Wu, Y.; Jin, S.; Tian, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, L.; Liang, X. J. Gold Nanoparticles Induce Autophagosome Accumulation through Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Uptake and Lysosome Impairment ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8629-8639 10.1021/nn202155y
    • (2011) ACS Nano , vol.5 , pp. 8629-8639
    • Ma, X.1    Wu, Y.2    Jin, S.3    Tian, Y.4    Zhang, X.5    Zhao, Y.6    Yu, L.7    Liang, X.J.8
  • 6
    • 77956427256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer Simulation of the Translocation of Nanoparticles with Different Shapes across A Lipid Bilayer
    • Yang, K.; Ma, Y. Q. Computer Simulation of the Translocation of Nanoparticles with Different Shapes across A Lipid Bilayer Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 579-583 10.1038/nnano.2010.141
    • (2010) Nat. Nanotechnol. , vol.5 , pp. 579-583
    • Yang, K.1    Ma, Y.Q.2
  • 7
    • 33646397592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the Size and Shape Dependence of Gold Nanoparticle Uptake into Mammalian Cells
    • Chithrani, B. D.; Ghazani, A. A.; Chan, W. C. W. Determining the Size and Shape Dependence of Gold Nanoparticle Uptake into Mammalian Cells Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 662-668 10.1021/nl052396o
    • (2006) Nano Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 662-668
    • Chithrani, B.D.1    Ghazani, A.A.2    Chan, W.C.W.3
  • 8
    • 84870865118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface Chemistry-Mediated Penetration and Gold Nanorod Thermotherapy in Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
    • Jin, S.; Ma, X.; Ma, H.; Zheng, K.; Liu, J.; Hou, S.; Meng, J.; Wang, P. C.; Wu, X.; Liang, X. J. Surface Chemistry-Mediated Penetration and Gold Nanorod Thermotherapy in Multicellular Tumor Spheroids Nanoscale 2013, 5, 143-146 10.1039/C2NR31877F
    • (2013) Nanoscale , vol.5 , pp. 143-146
    • Jin, S.1    Ma, X.2    Ma, H.3    Zheng, K.4    Liu, J.5    Hou, S.6    Meng, J.7    Wang, P.C.8    Wu, X.9    Liang, X.J.10
  • 10
    • 65249086959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the Role of Surface Charges in Cellular Adsorption versus Internalization by Selectively Removing Gold Nanoparticles on the Cell Surface with A I-2/KI Etchant
    • Cho, E. C.; Xie, J. W.; Wurm, P. A.; Xia, Y. N. Understanding the Role of Surface Charges in Cellular Adsorption versus Internalization by Selectively Removing Gold Nanoparticles on the Cell Surface with A I-2/KI Etchant Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1080-1084 10.1021/nl803487r
    • (2009) Nano Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 1080-1084
    • Cho, E.C.1    Xie, J.W.2    Wurm, P.A.3    Xia, Y.N.4
  • 11
    • 73949087550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Surface Properties on Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions
    • Verma, A.; Stellacci, F. Effect of Surface Properties on Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions Small 2010, 6, 12-21 10.1002/smll.200901158
    • (2010) Small , vol.6 , pp. 12-21
    • Verma, A.1    Stellacci, F.2
  • 12
    • 80053180372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of Anti-Angiogenic Property of Gold Nanoparticles: Role of Nanoparticle Size and Surface Charge
    • Arvizo, R. R.; Rana, S.; Miranda, O. R.; Bhattacharya, R.; Rotello, V. M.; Mukherjee, P. Mechanism of Anti-Angiogenic Property of Gold Nanoparticles: Role of Nanoparticle Size and Surface Charge Nanomedicine 2011, 7, 580-587 10.1016/j.nano.2011.01.011
    • (2011) Nanomedicine , vol.7 , pp. 580-587
    • Arvizo, R.R.1    Rana, S.2    Miranda, O.R.3    Bhattacharya, R.4    Rotello, V.M.5    Mukherjee, P.6
  • 14
    • 75749098502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular Uptake of Densely Packed Polymer Coatings on Gold Nanoparticles
    • Liang, M.; Lin, I. C.; Whittaker, M. R.; Minchin, R. F.; Monteiro, M. J.; Toth, I. Cellular Uptake of Densely Packed Polymer Coatings on Gold Nanoparticles ACS Nano 2010, 4, 403-413 10.1021/nn9011237
    • (2010) ACS Nano , vol.4 , pp. 403-413
    • Liang, M.1    Lin, I.C.2    Whittaker, M.R.3    Minchin, R.F.4    Monteiro, M.J.5    Toth, I.6
  • 15
    • 84872713787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface Functionality of Nanoparticles Determines Cellular Uptake Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells
    • Saha, K.; Kim, S. T.; Yan, B.; Miranda, O. R.; Alfonso, F. S.; Shlosman, D.; Rotello, V. M. Surface Functionality of Nanoparticles Determines Cellular Uptake Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells Small 2013, 9, 300-305 10.1002/smll.201201129
    • (2013) Small , vol.9 , pp. 300-305
    • Saha, K.1    Kim, S.T.2    Yan, B.3    Miranda, O.R.4    Alfonso, F.S.5    Shlosman, D.6    Rotello, V.M.7
  • 16
    • 84864258079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Nanoparticle Size, Shape, and Surface Chemistry on Biological Systems
    • Albanese, A.; Tang, P. S.; Chan, W. C. W. The Effect of Nanoparticle Size, Shape, and Surface Chemistry on Biological Systems Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2012, 14, 1-16 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124
    • (2012) Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. , vol.14 , pp. 1-16
    • Albanese, A.1    Tang, P.S.2    Chan, W.C.W.3
  • 17
    • 79960356052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beauty is Skin Deep: A Surface Monolayer Perspective on Nanoparticle Interactions with Cells and Biomacromolecules
    • Saha, K.; Bajaj, A.; Duncan, B.; Rotello, V. M. Beauty is Skin Deep: A Surface Monolayer Perspective on Nanoparticle Interactions with Cells and Biomacromolecules Small 2011, 7, 1903-1918 10.1002/smll.201100478
    • (2011) Small , vol.7 , pp. 1903-1918
    • Saha, K.1    Bajaj, A.2    Duncan, B.3    Rotello, V.M.4
  • 18
    • 84856436072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry Determine Serum Protein Adsorption and Macrophage Uptake
    • Walkey, C. D.; Olsen, J. B.; Guo, H. B.; Emili, A.; Chan, W. C. W. Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry Determine Serum Protein Adsorption and Macrophage Uptake J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2139-2147 10.1021/ja2084338
    • (2012) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 2139-2147
    • Walkey, C.D.1    Olsen, J.B.2    Guo, H.B.3    Emili, A.4    Chan, W.C.W.5
  • 19
    • 79951921750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodistribution and Toxicity of Engineered Gold Nanoparticles: A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
    • Khlebtsov, N.; Dykman, L. Biodistribution and Toxicity of Engineered Gold Nanoparticles: A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Studies Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 1647-1671 10.1039/C0CS00018C
    • (2011) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 1647-1671
    • Khlebtsov, N.1    Dykman, L.2
  • 20
    • 84922642552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA Using Nanoparticle-Stabilized Nanocapsules
    • Jiang, Y.; Tang, R.; Duncan, B.; Jiang, Z.; Yan, B.; Mout, R.; Rotello, V. M. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA Using Nanoparticle-Stabilized Nanocapsules Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 506-510 10.1002/anie.201409161
    • (2015) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.54 , pp. 506-510
    • Jiang, Y.1    Tang, R.2    Duncan, B.3    Jiang, Z.4    Yan, B.5    Mout, R.6    Rotello, V.M.7
  • 21
    • 84903438002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles as Carriers for Nucleus-Based Gene Therapy Due to Size-Dependent Nuclear Entry
    • Huo, S. D.; Jin, S. B.; Ma, X. W.; Xue, X. D.; Yang, K. N.; Kumar, A.; Wang, P. C.; Zhang, J. C.; Hu, Z. B.; Liang, X. J. Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles as Carriers for Nucleus-Based Gene Therapy Due to Size-Dependent Nuclear Entry ACS Nano 2014, 8, 5852-5862 10.1021/nn5008572
    • (2014) ACS Nano , vol.8 , pp. 5852-5862
    • Huo, S.D.1    Jin, S.B.2    Ma, X.W.3    Xue, X.D.4    Yang, K.N.5    Kumar, A.6    Wang, P.C.7    Zhang, J.C.8    Hu, Z.B.9    Liang, X.J.10
  • 22
    • 84864670257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-Dependent Localization and Penetration of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells, Multicellular Spheroids, and Tumors in Vivo
    • Huang, K. Y.; Ma, H. L.; Liu, J.; Huo, S. D.; Kumar, A.; Wei, T.; Zhang, X.; Jin, S. B.; Gan, Y. L.; Wang, P. C. et al. Size-Dependent Localization and Penetration of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells, Multicellular Spheroids, and Tumors in Vivo ACS Nano 2012, 6, 4483-4493 10.1021/nn301282m
    • (2012) ACS Nano , vol.6 , pp. 4483-4493
    • Huang, K.Y.1    Ma, H.L.2    Liu, J.3    Huo, S.D.4    Kumar, A.5    Wei, T.6    Zhang, X.7    Jin, S.B.8    Gan, Y.L.9    Wang, P.C.10
  • 23
    • 79953011676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Efficient Renal Clearance
    • Zhou, C.; Long, M.; Qin, Y. P.; Sun, X. K.; Zheng, J. Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Efficient Renal Clearance Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 3168-3172 10.1002/anie.201007321
    • (2011) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.50 , pp. 3168-3172
    • Zhou, C.1    Long, M.2    Qin, Y.P.3    Sun, X.K.4    Zheng, J.5
  • 24
    • 34848898194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomimetic Interactions of Proteins with Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Thermodynamic Study
    • De, M.; You, C. C.; Srivastava, S.; Rotello, V. M. Biomimetic Interactions of Proteins with Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Thermodynamic Study J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 10747-10753 10.1021/ja071642q
    • (2007) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 10747-10753
    • De, M.1    You, C.C.2    Srivastava, S.3    Rotello, V.M.4
  • 25
    • 37049074842 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of Thiol-Derivatised Gold Nanoparticles in A Two-Phase Liquid-Liquid System
    • Brust, M.; Walker, M.; Bethell, D.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Whyman, R. Synthesis of Thiol-Derivatised Gold Nanoparticles in A Two-Phase Liquid-Liquid System J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 801-802 10.1039/c39940000801
    • (1994) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. , pp. 801-802
    • Brust, M.1    Walker, M.2    Bethell, D.3    Schiffrin, D.J.4    Whyman, R.5
  • 26
    • 0035900517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-Induced Size Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles in the Solid State
    • Teranishi, T.; Hasegawa, S.; Shimizu, T.; Miyake, M. Heat-Induced Size Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles in the Solid State Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 1699-1701 10.1002/1521-4095(200111)13:22<1699::AID-ADMA1699>3.0.CO;2-3
    • (2001) Adv. Mater. , vol.13 , pp. 1699-1701
    • Teranishi, T.1    Hasegawa, S.2    Shimizu, T.3    Miyake, M.4
  • 28
    • 84873853768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomolecular Coronas Provide the Biological Identity of Nanosized Materials
    • Monopoli, M. P.; Aberg, C.; Salvati, A.; Dawson, K. A. Biomolecular Coronas Provide the Biological Identity of Nanosized Materials Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 779-86 10.1038/nnano.2012.207
    • (2012) Nat. Nanotechnol. , vol.7 , pp. 779-786
    • Monopoli, M.P.1    Aberg, C.2    Salvati, A.3    Dawson, K.A.4
  • 29
  • 30
    • 79851500107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective Targeting of Gold Nanorods at the Mitochondria of Cancer Cells: Implications for Cancer Therapy
    • Wang, L. M.; Liu, Y.; Li, W.; Jiang, X. M.; Ji, Y. L.; Wu, X. C.; Xu, L. G.; Qiu, Y.; Zhao, K.; Wei, T. T. et al. Selective Targeting of Gold Nanorods at the Mitochondria of Cancer Cells: Implications for Cancer Therapy Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 772-780 10.1021/nl103992v
    • (2011) Nano Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 772-780
    • Wang, L.M.1    Liu, Y.2    Li, W.3    Jiang, X.M.4    Ji, Y.L.5    Wu, X.C.6    Xu, L.G.7    Qiu, Y.8    Zhao, K.9    Wei, T.T.10
  • 31
    • 79960720320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular Mechanism and Physiological Functions of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
    • McMahon, H. T.; Boucrot, E. Molecular Mechanism and Physiological Functions of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2011, 12, 517-533 10.1038/nrm3151
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 517-533
    • McMahon, H.T.1    Boucrot, E.2
  • 32
    • 33746214697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry of Feline Calicivirus is Dependent on Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Acidification in Endosomes
    • Stuart, A. D.; Brown, T. D. K. Entry of Feline Calicivirus is Dependent on Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Acidification in Endosomes J. Virol. 2006, 80, 7500-7509 10.1128/JVI.02452-05
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 7500-7509
    • Stuart, A.D.1    Brown, T.D.K.2
  • 34
    • 79959365312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides
    • Madani, F.; Lindberg, S.; Langel, Ü.; Futaki, S.; Gräslund, A. Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides J. Biophys. 2011, 2011, 1-10 10.1155/2011/414729
    • (2011) J. Biophys. , vol.2011 , pp. 1-10
    • Madani, F.1    Lindberg, S.2    Langel, Ü.3    Futaki, S.4    Gräslund, A.5
  • 35
    • 84878702308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-Dependent Cellular Uptake Efficiency, Mechanism, and Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles toward HeLa Cells
    • Zhu, J.; Liao, L.; Zhu, L. N.; Zhang, P.; Guo, K.; Kong, J. L.; Ji, C.; Liu, B. H. Size-Dependent Cellular Uptake Efficiency, Mechanism, and Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles toward HeLa Cells Talanta 2013, 107, 408-415 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.037
    • (2013) Talanta , vol.107 , pp. 408-415
    • Zhu, J.1    Liao, L.2    Zhu, L.N.3    Zhang, P.4    Guo, K.5    Kong, J.L.6    Ji, C.7    Liu, B.H.8
  • 37
    • 0037684840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolae/raft-Dependent Endocytosis
    • Nabi, I. R.; Le, P. U. Caveolae/raft-Dependent Endocytosis J. Cell Biol. 2003, 161, 673-677 10.1083/jcb.200302028
    • (2003) J. Cell Biol. , vol.161 , pp. 673-677
    • Nabi, I.R.1    Le, P.U.2
  • 38
    • 0032931988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction of Cholesterol with Methyl-b-cyclodextrin Perturbs Formation of Clathrin-Coated Endocytic Vesicles
    • Rodal, S. K.; Skretting, G.; Garred, O.; Vilhardt, F.; Van Deurs, B.; Sandvig, K. Extraction of Cholesterol with Methyl-b-cyclodextrin Perturbs Formation of Clathrin-Coated Endocytic Vesicles Mol. Biol. Cell 1999, 10, 961-974 10.1091/mbc.10.4.961
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.10 , pp. 961-974
    • Rodal, S.K.1    Skretting, G.2    Garred, O.3    Vilhardt, F.4    Van Deurs, B.5    Sandvig, K.6
  • 39
    • 84875476974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface-Structure-Regulated Cell-Membrane Penetration by Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticles
    • Verma, A.; Uzun, O.; Hu, Y. H.; Hu, Y.; Han, H. S.; Watson, N.; Chen, S. L.; Irvine, D. J.; Stellacci, F. Surface-Structure-Regulated Cell-Membrane Penetration by Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticles Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 376-376 10.1038/nmat3593
    • (2013) Nat. Mater. , vol.12 , pp. 376-376
    • Verma, A.1    Uzun, O.2    Hu, Y.H.3    Hu, Y.4    Han, H.S.5    Watson, N.6    Chen, S.L.7    Irvine, D.J.8    Stellacci, F.9
  • 40
    • 84884253530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Particle Diameter and Surface Composition on the Spontaneous Fusion of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Lipid Bilayers
    • Van Lehn, R. C.; Atukorale, P. U.; Carney, R. P.; Yang, Y. S.; Stellacci, F.; Irvine, D. J.; Alexander-Katz, A. Effect of Particle Diameter and Surface Composition on the Spontaneous Fusion of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Lipid Bilayers Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 4060-4067 10.1021/nl401365n
    • (2013) Nano Lett. , vol.13 , pp. 4060-4067
    • Van Lehn, R.C.1    Atukorale, P.U.2    Carney, R.P.3    Yang, Y.S.4    Stellacci, F.5    Irvine, D.J.6    Alexander-Katz, A.7
  • 42
    • 34249083492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction Coefficient of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Sizes and Different Capping Ligands
    • Liu, X.; Atwater, M.; Wang, J.; Huo, Q. Extinction Coefficient of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Sizes and Different Capping Ligands Colloids Surf., B 2007, 58, 3-7 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.005
    • (2007) Colloids Surf., B , vol.58 , pp. 3-7
    • Liu, X.1    Atwater, M.2    Wang, J.3    Huo, Q.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.