Implementation of graphic health warning labels on tobacco products in India: The interplay between the cigarette and the bidi industries

Tobacco Control

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 547-555

  Sankaran, Sujatha ^a   Hiilamo, Heikki ^b   Glantz, Stanton A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVERSE EFFECTS; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HUMAN; INDIA; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; LOBBYING; PACKAGING; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING; TOBACCO; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HUMANS; INDIA; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LOBBYING; PRODUCT LABELING; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; TOBACCO, SMOKELESS;

EID: 84945471207     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051536     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. WHO. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. World Health Organization, 2010. http://whoindia.org/EN/section20/section25.1861.htm (accessed 27 Dec 2013).
2. Hammond D. Health Warning Messages on Tobacco Products: A Review. Tob Control 2011;20:327-37.
3. Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, et al. Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Study. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:202-9.
4. Aftab M, Kolben D, Lurie P. International Cigarette Labelling Practices. Tob Control 1999;8:368-72.
5. Browne J, Hennessey-Lavery S, Rogers K. Worth More Than a Thousand Words: Picture-Based Tobacco Warning Labels and Language Rights in the U.S. Reports on Industry Activity from Outside UCSF. San Francisco; 2007.
6. Alechnowicz K, Chapman S. The Philippine Tobacco Industry: “The Strongest Tobacco Lobby in Asia”. Tob Control 2004;13(Suppl 2):ii71-8.
7. Assunta M, Chapman S. A Mire of Highly Subjective and Ineffective Voluntary Guidelines: Tobacco Industry Efforts to Thwart Tobacco Control in Malaysia. Tob Control 2004;13(Suppl 2):ii43-50.
8. Hiilamo H, Crosbie E, Glantz SA. The Evolution of Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs: The Role of Precedents, and Tobacco Industry Strategies to Block Diffusion. Tob Control 2014;23:e2. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050541.
9. Carter SM. Tobacco Document Research Reporting. Tob Control 2005;14:368-76.
10. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Tobacco Industry Profile--India 2010.
11. Anand S. Govt-Run Firms Violate Treaty for Tobacco Control. 2012. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govtrun-firms-violate-treaty-for-tobacco-control/263360-3.html (accessed 4 Mar 2014).
12. Indian Tobacco Company. Annual Report 2005.
13. Indian Tobacco Company. Annual Report 2009.
14. Indian Tobacco Company. Annual Report 2010.
15. Indian Tobacco Company. Annual Report 2011.
16. ITC. Board of Directors. 2013. http://www.itcportal.com/about-itc/leadership/board-of-directors.aspx (accessed 20 Jun 2013).
17. Indian Tobacco Company. Annual Report 2012.
18. World Health Organization. Bidi Smoking and Public Health in India. 2010.
19. Krishnan M. In India, Bidi Industry’s Clout Trumps Health Initiatives 2011.
20. Reddy KS, Gupta PK. Report on Tobacco Control in India. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 2004.
21. Arora M, Yadav A. Pictorial Health Warnings on Tobacco Products in India: Sociopolitical and Legal Developments. The National Medical Journal of India 2010;23:357-9.
22. Davis N. Proposed Legislation to Ban Advertising of Tobacco Products in India.19 Aug. 1994. British American Tobacco. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ras41a99 (accessed 25 Jan 2013).
23. Government of India. Government of India Report of the Expert Committee on the Economics of Tobacco Use New Delhi, India; 2001.
24. Opukah S. Voluntary Code. 12 Mar. 1996. British American Tobacco. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vjs63a99 (accessed 25 Jan 2013).
25. Tobacco Institute of India. Proposed Voluntary Code for the Marketing of Tobacco Products. British American Tobacco, 1999. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ujs63a99 (accessed 25 Jan 2013).
26. World Health Organization. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva; 2003.
27. WHO. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Conference of the Parties. Guidelines for Implementation of the WHO FCTC.
28. Lall U. Communication between Udayan Lall of the Tobacco Institute of India and Anbumani Ramdoss of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Annexure 1 2007.
29. The Tobacco Growers Welfare Association. Communication from the Tobacco Growers Welfare Association to Sonia Gandhi 2004.
30. Gupta P. Communication between Pradeep Gupta to Bhavani Thyagarajan. June 2006.
31. Sharma CM. Internal Memo from C.M. Sharma to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Hemant Goswami’s collection released by FOIA. June 6, 2006.
32. Government of India. Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Packaging and Labelling) Amendment Rules, 2012.
33. Bhushan R, Prasad GC. Mandatory Pictorial Warning to Push up Cigarette Cos’ Costs. The Economic Times September 8, 2007.
34. Lall U. Communication between Udayan Lall and Pranab Mukherjee May 22, 2007.
35. Patel R. Communication between Rajnikant Patel and Ambumani Ramdoss September 12, 2007.
36. Krishna G. Communication between Gopal Krishna and Bhavani Thyagarajan October 16, 2007.
37. Rajput A. Communication between Anil Rajput and Bhavani Thyagarajan October 22, 2007.
38. Sankar NS. Communication between N. Sai Sankar and Bhavani Thyagarajan. October 17, 2007.
39. Kapoor N. Communication between Nita Kapoor and Bhavani Thyagarajan October 17, 2007.
40. Fernandes O. Communication between Oscar Fernandes and Anbumani Ramdoss. November 5, 2007.
41. Federation of Andhra Pradesh Tobacco Farmers. Communication from Federation of Andhra Pradesh Tobacco Farmers to Union Minister C.P. Thakur 2007.
42. Federation of Farmers Associations. Communication between Federation of Farmers Assocations and Oscar Fernades. November 7, 2007.
43. Fernandes O. Communication between Oscar Fernandes and the Consortium of Indian Farmers Associations. November 6, 2007.
44. Poddar RA. Communication between R.A. Poddar and Shri Kamal Nath. March 10, 2008.
45. Poddar RA. Communication between R.A. Poddar and Naresh Dayal. March 3, 2008.
46. Poddar RA. Communication between R.A. Poddar and C.M. Sharma. May 1, 2008.
47. Reddy SK, Arora M. Pictorial Health Warnings Are a Must for Effective Tobacco Control. Indian J Med Res 2009;129:468-71.
48. Arora M, Tewari A, Nazar G, et al. Ineffective Pictorial Health Warnings on Tobacco Products: Lessons Learnt from India. Indian J Public Health 2012;56:61-4.
49. Raute L, Mangesh S, Pednekar M, et al. Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packs: A Population Based Study Findings from India. Tobacco Use Insights 2009;2:11-6.
50. Reddy S. Communication between Sanjeeva Reddy and Manmohan Singh. January 2008.
51. National Organization for Tobacco Eradication (NOTE). Press Release. January 12, 2008.
52. Sharma CM. Correspondence between C.M. Sharma and Udayan Lall. April 16, 2008.
53. Lall U. Communication between Udayan Lall and Bhavani Thyagarajan. India. May 11, 2007.
54. Lall U. Correspondence between Udayan Lall and Anbumani Ramdoss. 2008.
55. The Hindu. Thumbs Down for Weak Pictorial Tobacco Warnings. The Hindu December 27, 2010.
56. Oswal K, Raute L, Pednekar M, et al. Are Current Tobacco Pictorial Warnings in India Effective? Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 2011;12:121-4.
57. PTI. Will Resume Cigarette Production Only after Govt Order: Itc Economic Times. December 11, 2010.
58. PTI. Cigarette, Bidi Cos Win a Year’s Reprieve on Warnings. Economic Times December 8, 2010.
59. PTI. Godfrey Phillips, Itc Resume Cigarette Production. Economic Times December 23, 2010.
60. Kannan R. New Pictorial Warnings for Tobacco Products Notified. The Hindu June 4, 2011.
61. Oswal K, Pednekar M, Gupta P. Tobacco Industry Interference for Pictorial Warnings. Indian J Cancer 2010;47:s101-4.
62. Sebrie EM, Schoj V, Glantz SA. Smokefree Environments in Latin America: On the Road to Real Change? Prev Control 2008;3:21-35.
63. Samet J, Wipfli H, Perez-Padilla R, et al. Mexico and the Tobacco Industry: Doing the Wrong Thing for the Right Reason? BMJ 2006;332:353-4.
64. Mamudu HM, Hammond R, Glantz S. Tobacco Industry Attempts to Counter the World Bank Report Curbing the Epidemic and Obstruct the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Soc Sci Med 2008;67:1690-9.
65. Mamudu HM, Hammond R, Glantz SA. Project Cerberus: Tobacco Industry Strategy to Create an Alternative to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Am J Pub Health 2008;98:1630-42.
66. Mowery PD, Babb S, Hobart R, et al. The Impact of State Preemption of Local Smoking Restrictions on Public Health Protections and Changes in Social Norms. J Environ Public Health 2012;2012:632629.
67. Nixon ML, Mahmoud L, Glantz SA. Tobacco Industry Litigation to Deter Local Public Health Ordinances: The Industry Usually Loses in Court. Tob Control 2004;13:65-73.
68. O’Connor JC, MacNeil A, Chriqui JF, et al. Preemption of Local Smoke-Free Air Ordinances: The Implications of Judicial Opinions for Meeting National Health Objectives. J Law Med Ethics 2008;36:403-12, 214.
69. Otanez M, Glantz SA. Social Responsibility in Tobacco Production? Tobacco Companies’ Use of Green Supply Chains to Obscure the Real Costs of Tobacco Farming. Tob Control 2011;20:403-11.
70. Tumwine J. Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Africa: Current Status of Legislation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8: 4312-31.
71. Canadian Cancer Society. Cigarette Package Health Warnings. International Status Report. October 2012. http://www.cancer.ca/Canada-wide/About%20us/Media%20centre/CW-Media%20releases/CW-2012/~/media/CCS/Canada%20wide/Files%20List/English%20files%20heading/PDF%20-%20Communications/CCS-intl%20warnings%20report%202012-4%20MB.ashx
72. Crosbie E, Glantz SA. Tobacco Industry Argues Domestic Trademark Laws and International Treaties Preclude Cigarette Health Warning Labels, Despite Consistent Legal Advice That the Argument Is Invalid. Tob Control 2014;23:e7.
73. Crosbie E, Sebrie EM, Glantz SA. Tobacco Industry Success in Costa Rica: the Importance of FCTC Article 5.3. Salud Publica Mex 2012;54:28-38.
74. Sebrie EM, Blanco A, Glantz S. Cigarette Labeling Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Progress and Obstacles. Salud Publica de Mexico 2010;52: s233-243.
75. Alderete M, Gutkowski P, Shammah C. Health Is Not Negotiable. Civil Society against the Tobacco Industry’s Strategies in Latin America. Case Studies 2010-2012. Argentina; 2010-2012.