Predictors of internalised HIV-related stigma: a systematic review of studies in sub-Saharan Africa

Health Psychology Review

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 469-490

  Pantelic, Marija ^a   Shenderovich, Yulia ^b   Cluver, Lucie ^a,c   Boyes, Mark ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^d CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

HIV AIDS; self image; self perception; shame; stigma; systematic review

Indexed keywords

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; DEMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MENTAL HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGY; SHAME; SOCIAL STIGMA; STEREOTYPING;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; DEMOGRAPHY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MENTAL HEALTH; SHAME; SOCIAL STIGMA; STEREOTYPING;

EID: 84945454123     PISSN: 17437199     EISSN: 17437202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2014.996243     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. H.B.Battles,, & L.S.Wiener, (2002). From adolescence through young adulthood: Psychosocial adjustment associated with long-term survival of HIV. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 30, 161–168. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11869922
2. M.E.Boyes,, & L.D.Cluver, (2013). Relationships among HIV/AIDS orphanhood, stigma, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in South African youth: A longitudinal investigation using a path analysis framework. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 323–330. doi:10.1177/2167702613478595
3. C.Campbell,, & H.Deacon, (2006). Unravelling the contexts of stigma: From internalisation to resistance to change. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16, 411–417. doi:10.1002/casp.901
4. C.Campbell,, Y.Nair,, S.Maimane,, & J.Nicholson, (2007). ‘Dying Twice’: A multi-level model of the roots of AIDS stigma in two South African communities. Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 403–416. doi:10.1177/1359105307076229
5. CDC. (2013). HIV in the United States: At a glance. Washington, DC: Department of Health & Human Services USA. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_basics_factsheet.pdf
6. A.Cloete,, L.C.Simbayi,, S.C.Kalichman,, A.Strebel,, & N.Henda, (2008). Stigma and discrimination experiences of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care, 20, 1105–1110. doi:10.1080/09540120701842720
7. L.Cluver,, & M.Orkin, (2009). Cumulative risk and AIDS-orphanhood: Interactions of stigma, bullying and poverty on child mental health in South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 1186–1193. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.033
8. L.Cluver,, M.Orkin,, M.E.Boyes,, F.Gardner,, & J.Nikelo, (2012). AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver HIV/AIDS sickness status: Effects on psychological symptoms in South African youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37, 857–867. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jss004
9. Y.P.Cuca,, M.Onono,, E.Bukusi,, & J.M.Turan, (2012). Factors associated with pregnant women's anticipations and experiences of HIV-related stigma in rural Kenya. AIDS Care, 24, 1173–1180. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.699669
10. J.J.Deeks,, J.Higgins,, & D.G.Altman, (2008). Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In J.P.T.Higgins & S.Green (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Cochrane book series (pp. 243–296). The Cochrane Collaboration. Retrieved from www.cochrane-handbook.org
11. R.A.Ferrand,, E.L.Corbett,, R.Wood,, J.Hargrove,, & E.Chiratidzo, (2012). AIDS among older children and adolescents in Southern Africa: Projecting the time course and magnitude of the epidemic. AIDS, 23, 2039–2046. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833016ce.AIDS
12. M.W.Fraser,, J.M.Richman,, M.J.Galinsky,, & S.H.Day, (2009). Intervention research: Developing social programs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
13. A.D.Furlan,, V.Pennick,, C.Bombardier,, & M.van Tulder, (2009). 2009 updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back Review Group. SPINE, 34, 1929–1941. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b1c99f
14. A.X.Garg,, D.Hackam,, & M.Tonelli, (2008). Systematic review and meta-analysis: When one study is just not enough. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN, 3, 253–260. doi:10.2215/CJN.01430307
15. N.Gilmore,, & M.A.Somerville, (1994). Stigmatization, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: Overcoming ‘them’ and ‘us’. Social Science & Medicine, 39, 1339–1358. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90365-4
16. R.Gross,, B.Yip,, V.Lo,, R.Iii,, E.Wood,, C.S.Alexander,, R.S.Hogg, (2006). A simple, dynamic measure of antiretroviral therapy adherence predicts failure to maintain HIV-1 suppression. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 6021, 1108–1114.
17. W.L.Holzemer,, L.R.Uys,, M.L.Chirwa,, M.Greeff,, L.N.Makoae,, T.W.Kohi,, K.Durrheim, (2007). Validation of the HIV/AIDS stigma instrument – PLWA (HASI-P). AIDS Care, 19, 1002–1012. doi:10.1080/09540120701245999
18. R.H.Horwitz,, A.C.Tsai,, S.Maling,, F.Bajunirwe,, J.E.Haberer,, N.Emenyonu,, & D.R.Bangsberg, (2013). No association found between traditional healer use and delayed antiretroviral initiation in rural Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 260–265. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0132-7
19. R.Jewkes,, & K.Dunkle, (2012). Transactional sex and HIV incidence in a cohort of young women in the stepping stones trial. Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, 3(5), 3–5. doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000158
20. S.C.Kalichman,, & T.Grebler, (2010). Stress and poverty predictors of treatment adherence among people with low-literacy living with HIV/AIDS. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 810–816.
21. S.C.Kalichman,, L.C.Simbayi,, A.Cloete,, P.P.Mthembu,, R.N.Mkhonta,, & T.Ginindza, (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The internalized AIDS-related stigma scale. AIDS Care, 21(1), 87–93. doi:10.1080/09540120802032627
22. G.Katiria Perez,, & D.Cruess, (2014). The impact of familism on physical and mental health among Hispanics in the United States. Health Psychology Review, 8(1), 95–127. doi:10.1080/17437199.2011.569936
23. I.T.Katz,, A.E.Ryu,, A.G.Onuegbu,, C.Psaros,, S.D.Weiser,, D.R.Bangsberg,, & A.C.Tsai, (2013). Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: Systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16(3 Suppl 2), 18640. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3833107&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
24. C.Kingori,, M.Reece,, S.Obeng,, M.Murray,, E.Shacham,, B.Dodge,, D.Ojakaa, (2013). Psychometric evaluation of a cross-culturally adapted felt stigma questionnaire among people living with HIV in Kenya. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 27, 481–488. doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0403
25. R.S.Lee,, A.Kochman,, & K.J.Sikkema, (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6, 309–319. doi:10.1023/A:1021144511957
26. R.J.Li,, H.B.Jaspan,, V.O’Brien,, H.Rabie,, M.F.Cotton,, & N.Nattrass, (2010). Positive futures: A qualitative study on the needs of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Care, 22, 751–758. doi:10.1080/09540120903431363
27. V.D.Lima,, R.Harrigan,, D.R.Bangsberg,, R.S.Hogg,, R.Gross,, B.Yip,, & J.S.G.Montaner, (2009). The combined effect of modern highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens and adherence on mortality over time. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 50, 529–536. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31819675e9
28. B.G.Link, (1987). Understanding Labeling Effects in the Area of Mental Disorders: An Assessment of the Effects of Expectations of Rejection. American Sociological Review, 52(1), 96–112. doi:10.2307/2095395
29. B.G.Link,, F.T.Cullen,, E.Struening,, P.E.Shrout,, & B.P.Dohrenwend, (1989). A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. American Sociological Review, 54, 400–423. doi: 10.2307/2095613
30. E.Loder,, T.Groves,, & D.MacAuley, (2010). Registration of observational studies: The next step towards research transparency. BMJ, 340, 375–376. doi:10.1136/bmj.c657
31. C.Logie,, & T.M.Gadalla, (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21, 742–753. doi:10.1080/09540120802511877
32. M.R.Loutfy,, W.Wu,, M.Letchumanan,, L.Bondy,, T.Antoniou,, S.Margolese,, P.A.Rochon, (2013). Systematic review of HIV transmission between heterosexual serodiscordant couples where the HIV-positive partner is fully suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. PloS One, 8(2), e55747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055747
33. L.N.Makoae,, C.J.Portillo,, L.R.Uys,, P.S.Dlamini,, M.Greeff,, M.Chirwa,, W.L.Holzemer, (2009). The impact of taking or not taking ARVs on HIV stigma as reported by persons living with HIV infection in five African countries. AIDS Care, 21, 1357–1362. doi:10.1080/09540120902862576
34. N.C.Mbonu,, B.van den Borne,, & N.K.De Vries, (2009). Stigma of people with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2009, 145891. doi:10.1155/2009/145891
35. D.Moher,, A.Liberati,, J.Tetziaff,, & D.G.Altman, (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(6), 1–2. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
36. J.Murray,, D.P.Farrington,, & M.P.Eisner, (2009). Drawing conclusions about causes from systematic reviews of risk factors: The Cambridge Quality Checklists. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5(1), 1–23. doi:10.1007/s11292-008-9066-0
37. B.Nattabi,, J.Li,, S.C.Thompson,, C.G.Orach,, & J.Earnest, (2011). Factors associated with perceived stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in post-conflict northern Uganda. AIDS Education and Prevention, 23, 193–205. doi:10.1521/aeap.2011.23.3.193
38. M.Neuman,, & C.M.Obermeyer, (2013). Experiences of stigma, discrimination, care and support among people living with HIV: A four country study. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 1796–1808. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0432-1
39. C.R.Pearson,, M.A.Micek,, J.Pfeiffer,, P.Montoya,, E.Matediane,, T.Jonasse,, S.S.Gloyd, (2009). One year after art initiation: Psychosocial factors associated with stigma among HIV-positive Mozambicans. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 1189–1196. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9596-0.One
40. K.Peltzer, (2012). Health-related quality of life and antiretroviral therapy in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Social Behavior and Personality, 40(2), 273–279.
41. G.S.Ras,, I.W.Simson,, R.Anderson,, O.W.Prozesky,, & T.Hamersma, (1983). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A report of 2 South African cases. South African Medical Journal, 64(4), 140–142.
42. T.J.Scheff, (1966). Being mentally Ill: A sociological theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
43. S.Sengupta,, B.Banks,, D.Jonas,, M.S.Miles,, & G.C.Smith, (2011). HIV interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 1075–1087. doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9847-0
44. L.C.Simbayi,, S.Kalichman,, A.Strebel,, A.Cloete,, N.Henda,, & A.Mqeketo, (2007a). Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners and sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men and women, Cape Town, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 83(1), 29–34. doi:10.1136/sti.2006.019893
45. L.C.Simbayi,, S.Kalichman,, A.Strebel,, A.Cloete,, N.Henda,, & A.Mqeketo, (2007b). Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1823–1831. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.006
46. G.D.Smith,, & S.Ebrahim, (2002). Data dredging, bias, or confounding. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 325, 1437–1438. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1124898&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
47. K.Sorsdahl,, S.Mall,, D.J.Stein,, & J.A.Joska, (2011). The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province. AIDS Care, 23, 680–685. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.525621
48. A.L.Stangl,, J.K.Lloyd,, L.M.Brady,, C.E.Holland,, & S.Baral, (2013). A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: How far have we come? Journal of the International AIDS Society, 16, 3–11.
49. S.A.M.Stevelink,, I.C.Wu,, C.G.N.Voorend,, & W.H.Van Brakel, (2012). The psychometric assessment of internalized stigma instruments: A systematic review. Stigma, Research and Action, 2(2), 100–118.
50. D.Swendeman,, M.J.Rotheram-borus,, S.Comulada,, R.Weiss,, & M.E.Ramos, (2006). Predictors of HIV-related stigma among young people living with HIV. Health Psychology, 25, 501–509. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.25.4.501
51. S.Takada,, S.D.Weiser,, E.Kumbakumba,, C.Muzoora,, J.N.Martin,, P.W.Hunt,, A.C.Tsai, (2014). The dynamic relationship between social support and HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 48(1), 26–37. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9576-5
52. A.C.Tsai,, D.R.Bangsberg,, M.Bwana,, J.E.Haberer,, E.A.Frongillo,, C.Muzoora,, S.D.Weiser, (2013). How does antiretroviral treatment attenuate the stigma of HIV? Evidence from a cohort study in rural Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 2725–2731.
53. A.C.Tsai,, D.R.Bangsberg,, S.M.Kegeles,, I.T.Katz,, J.E.Haberer,, C.Muzoora,, S.D.Weiser, (2013). Internalized Stigma, social distance, and disclosure of HIV seropositivity in rural Uganda. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46, 288–290.
54. A.C.Tsai,, D.R.Bangsberg,, & S.D.Weiser, (2013). Harnessing poverty alleviation to reduce the stigma of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Medicine, 10(11), e1001557. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001557
55. A.C.Tsai,, S.D.Weiser,, W.T.Steward,, N.F.B.Mukiibi,, A.Kawuma,, A.Kembabazi,, D.R.Bangsberg, (2012). Evidence for the reliability and validity of the internalized AIDS-related stigma scale in rural Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 17(1), 427–433. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0281-3
56. J.Tshabalala,, & M.Visser, (2011). Developing a cognitive behavioural therapy model to assist women to deal with HIV and stigma. South African Journal of Psychology, 41(1), 17–28. doi:10.1177/008124631104100103
57. UNAIDS. (2007). Reducing HIV stigma and discrimination: A critical part of national AIDS programmes. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
58. UNAIDS. (2010). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
59. UNAIDS. (2011). 2011 United Nations general assembly political declaration on HIV/AIDS: Targets and elimination commitments. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
60. UNAIDS. (2013). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
61. L.Uys,, M.Chirwa,, T.Kohi,, M.Greeff,, J.Naidoo,, L.Makoae,, W.L.Holzemer, (2009). Evaluation of a health setting-based stigma intervention in five African countries. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23, 1059–1066. doi:10.1089/apc.2009.0085
62. M.Visser,, T.Kershaw,, J.D.Makin,, & B.W.C.Forsyth, (2008). Development of parallel scales to measure HIV-related stigma. AIDS and Behavior, 12, 759–771. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9363-7
63. M.Visser,, & H.Sipsma, (2013). The experience of HIV-related stigma in South Africa. In P.Liamputtong (Ed.), Stigma, discrimination and living with HIV/AIDS: A cross cultural perspective (pp. 205–227). Dordrecht: Springer.
64. G.J.Wagner,, B.Ghosh-Dastidar,, J.Garnett,, C.Kityo,, & P.Mugyenyi, (2013). Impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on depression and mental health among clients with HIV in Uganda. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 883–890. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31826629db
65. D.L.Weed, (2010). Meta-analysis and causal inference: A case study of benzene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Annals of Epidemiology, 20, 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.02.001
66. L.S.Wiener,, & H.B.Battles, (2006). Untangling the web: A close look at diagnosis disclosure among HIV-infected adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 38, 307–309. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.03.024
67. A.Wigfield,, J.S.Eccles,, D.Mac Iver,, D.A.Reuman,, & C.Midgley, (1991). Transitions during early adolescence: Changes in children's domain-specific self-perceptions and general self-esteem across the transition to junior high school. Developmental Psychology, 27, 552–565. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.4.552