Cumulative risk and AIDS-orphanhood: Interactions of stigma, bullying and poverty on child mental health in South Africa

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 69, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1186-1193

  Cluver, Lucie ^a   Orkin, Mark ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b South African Management Development Institute   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Bullying; Children; HIV AIDS; Mental health; Orphans; Poverty; South Africa; Stigma

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENCE; CHILD HEALTH; LOGISTICS; MENTAL HEALTH; ORPHAN; POVERTY DETERMINANT; PSYCHOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BULLYING; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL HEALTH; ORPHANED CHILD; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; POVERTY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SOUTH AFRICA; STANDARDIZATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STIGMA;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CHILD, ORPHANED; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; LOGISTIC MODELS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; POVERTY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOUTH AFRICA; STEREOTYPING; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 70349335647     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.033     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aguero J., Carter M., and Woolard I. The impact of unconditional cash transfers on nutrition: The South African child support grant (2007), International Poverty Centre Working paper no. 39
2. Almqvist K., and Broberg A. Mental health and social adjustment in young refugee children 3 1/2 years after their arrival in Sweden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38 (1999) 723-730
3. Amaya-Jackson, L., Newman, E., & Lipschitz, D. (2000). The child and adolescent PTSD checklist in three clinical research populations. In Annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York.
4. Bhargava A. AIDS epidemic and the psychological well-being and school participation of Ethiopian orphans. Psychology, Health and Medicine 10 3 (2005) 263-275
5. Blalock H. Social statistics. Revised 2nd ed. (1979), McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Tokyo
6. Boris N., Brown L., Thurman T., Rice J., Snider L., Ntaganira J., et al. The predictors and correlates of depressive symptoms among youth heads of households in Rwanda: correlates and implications for intervention. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 162 9 (2008) 836-843
7. Boris N., Thurman T., Snider L., Spencer E., and Brown L. Infants and young children living in youth-headed households in Rwanda: implications of emerging data. Infant Mental Health Journal 27 6 (2006) 584-602
8. Brown L., Macintyre K., and Trujillo L. Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: what have we learned?. AIDS Education and Prevention 15 1 (2003) 49-69
9. Chatterji M., Dougherty L., Ventimiglia T., Mulenga Y., Jones A., Mukaneza A., et al. The well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS in Gitarama Province, Rwanda and Lusaka, Zambia (2005) Community REACH working paper no. 2. Washington, DC. Community REACH Program
10. Cluver L., and Gardner F. Mental health of children orphaned by AIDS: a review of International and Southern African research. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 19 1 (2007) 1-17
11. Cluver L., and Gardner F. Risk and protective factors for psychological well-being of orphaned children in Cape Town: a qualitative study of children's views. AIDS Care 19 3 (2007) 318-325
12. Cluver L., Gardner F., and Operario D. Psychological distress amongst AIDS-orphaned children in urban South Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 48 8 (2007) 755-763
13. Cluver L., Gardner F., and Operario D. Effects of stigma and other community factors on the mental health of AIDS-orphaned children. Journal of Adolescent Health 42 (2008) 410-417
14. Deacon H. Towards a sustainable theory of health-related stigma: lessons from the HIV/AIDS literature. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 16 6 (2006) 418-425
15. Erwin B., Newman E., McMackin R., Morrissey C., and Kaloupek D. PTSD, malevolent environment, and criminality among criminally involved male adolescents. Criminal Justice and Behavior 27 2 (2000) 196-215
16. Fergusson D., and Lynskey M. Adolescent resiliency to family adversity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37 (1996) 281-292
17. Galtung J. Theory and methods of social research (1973), George Allen and Unwin, London
18. Gilborn, L., Apicella, L., Brakarsh, J., Dube, L., Jemison, K., Kluckow, M., et al. (2006) Orphans and vulnerable youth in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: an exploratory study of psychosocial well-being and psychosocial support programs. Horizons/Population Council Report in conjunction with REPSSI and CRS Strive.
19. Hay D., Payne A., and Chadwick A. Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 1 (2004) 84-108
20. Hendrikx, J. (2002). The impact of weights on standard errors. In Paper presented at conference: "Targeting Mr X - but is he Mr Right? Sampling, weighting, profiling, segmentation and modelling", Imperial College, London.
21. Hosegood V., Vanneste A., and Timaeus I. Levels and causes of adult mortality in rural South Africa: the impact of AIDS. AIDS 5 18 (2004) 663-671
22. Kahn K., Tollman S., Garenne M., and Gear J. Validation and application of verbal autopsies in a rural area of South Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health 5 (2000) 824-831
23. Klein S., Karchner W., and O'Connell D. Interventions to prevent HIV-related stigma and discrimination: findings and recommendations for public health practice. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 8 6 (2002) 44-53
24. Kleintjies S., Flisher A., Fick M., Railoun A., Lund C., Molteno C., et al. The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review 9 3 (2006) 157-160
25. Kovacs M. Children's depression inventory (1992), Multi-Health Systems, Niagara Falls, NY
26. Makame V., Ani C., and McGregor S. Psychological well-being of orphans in Dar El-Salaam, Tanzania. Acta Paediatrica 91 (2002) 459-465
27. Manuel, P. (2002). Assessment of orphans and their caregivers' psychological well-being in a rural community in central Mozambique. MSc thesis, Institute of Child Health, London.
28. Maughan Brown B. Attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS: stigma and its determinants amongst young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. South African Review of Sociology 37 2 (2006) 165-188
29. Mynard H., and Joseph S. Development of the multidimensional peer-victimization scale. Aggressive Behavior 26 (2000) 169-178
30. Pelton J., and Forehand R. Orphans of the AIDS epidemic: an examination of clinical level problems of children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 44 6 (2005) 585-591
31. Reynolds C., and Richmond B. What I think and feel: a revised measure of children's anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 6 (1978) 271-280
32. Ruchkin V., Schwab-Stone M., and Vermeiren R. Social and health assessment (SAHA): Psychometric development summary (2004), Yale University, New Haven
33. Rutter M. Psychosocial influences: critiques, findings, and research needs. Development and Psychopathology 12 (2000) 375-405
34. Rutter M., Giller H., and Hagell A. Antisocial behaviour by young people (1998), Cambridge University Press, New York
35. Sameroff A., Seifer R., and Bartko W. Environmental perspectives on adaptation during childhood and adolescence. In: Luthar S., Burak J., Cicchetti D., and Weisz J. (Eds). Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk and disorder (1997), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 507-526
36. Seedat S., van Nood E., Vythilingum B., Stein D., and Kaminer D. School survey of exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents. Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12 (2000) 38-44
37. Smith D., Schneider B., Smith P., and Ananiadou K. The effectiveness of whole-school antibullying programs: a synthesis of evaluation research. School Psychology Review 33 4 (2004) 547-560
38. Stallard P., Velleman R., Langsford J., and Baldwin S. Coping and psychological distress in children involved in road traffic accidents. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 40 (2001) 197-208
39. Statistics SA. General household survey 2005 (2006), Statistics SA, Pretoria
40. Strode A., and Barrett Grant K. The role of stigma and discrimination in increasing the vulnerability of children and youth infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS (2001), Save the Children (UK), London
41. Thurman T., Snider L., Boris N., Kalisa E., Mugarira N., and Ntaganira J. Psychosocial support and marginalization of youth-headed households in Rwanda. AIDS Care 18 3 (2006) 220-229
42. UNAIDS. Children on the Brink 2004: A joint report of new orphan estimates and a framework for action (2004), UN, New York
43. UNAIDS. UNAIDS 2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic, annex 2: HIV/AIDS estimates and data, 2005 (2006), UN, Geneva
44. UNAIDS. 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic (2008), UN, Mexico
45. Upton G.J.G. The analysis of cross-tabulated data (1978), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester
46. Ward C., Martin E., Theron C., and Distiller G. Factors affecting resilience in children exposed to violence. South African Journal of Psychology 37 1 (2007) 165-187
47. World Health Organization. Strategic directions for improving the health of children and adolescents (2003), WHO, Geneva
48. World Health Organization. WHO/Euro report of the technical consultation on clinical staging of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS case definitions for surveillance (2005), WHO, Copenhagen
49. Wright K., Naar-King S., Lam P., Templin T., and Frey M. Stigma scale revised: reliability and validity of a brief measure of stigma for HIV+ youth. Journal of Adolescent Health 40 1 (2007) 96-98