Public health risks of multiple-drug-resistant Enterococcus spp. in Southeast Asia

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 81, Issue 18, 2015, Pages 6090-6097

  Daniel, Diane Sunira ^a   Lee, Sui Mae ^a   Dykes, Gary A ^a   Rahman, Sadequr ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH RISKS; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; PUBLIC RISKS; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS; ENTEROCOCCUS SPP; INFECTION CONTROL; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; SOUTHEAST ASIA; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; WOUND INFECTIONS;

ANTIBIOTICS;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIUM; DEVELOPING WORLD; DISEASE CONTROL; HEALTH RISK; PUBLIC HEALTH;

SOUTHEAST ASIA;

ENTEROCOCCUS;

CROSS INFECTION; DRUG EFFECTS; ENTEROCOCCUS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PREVALENCE; PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOUTHEAST ASIA;

ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN; CROSS INFECTION; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; ENTEROCOCCUS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84945243888     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-15     Document Type: Short Survey

References (80)

1. Gilmore MS. 2002. The enterococci: pathogenesis, molecular biology, and antibiotic resistance. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
2. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D, Monka J, Marchione S, Sing KV, Murray BE, Wolff J, Walters B. 1993. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis 16:750-755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clind/16.6 .750.
3. Leclercq R. 2009. Epidemiological and resistance issues in multidrugresistant staphylococci and enterococci. Clin Microbiol Infect 15:224-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02739.x.
4. Marshall BM, Levy SB. 2011. Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin Microbiol Rev 24:718-733. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1128/CMR.00002-11.
5. Jean SS, Hsueh PR. 2011. High burden of antimicrobial resistance in Asia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 37:291-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j .ijantimicag.2011.01.009.
6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2012. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Use of Antimicrobials in Livestock Production and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia-Pacific Region 2012. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
7. World Health Organization. 2012. Report of regional workshop on antimicrobial resistance 2012. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
8. Kang CI, Song JH. 2013. Antimicrobial resistance in Asia: current epidemiology and clinical implications. Infect Chemother 45:22-31. http://dx .doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.22.
9. Cai Y, Chan JP, Fisher DA, Hsu LY, Koh TH, Krishnan P, Kwa AL, Tan TY, Tee NW. 2012. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Singaporean hospitals: 5 year results of a multi-centre surveillance programme. Ann Acad Med Singapore 41:77-81.
10. Thongkoom P, Kanjanahareutai S, Chantrakooptungool S, Rahule S. 2012. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates isolated in Rajavithi Hospital between 1999 and 2009. J Med Assoc Thai 95(Suppl 3): S7-S15.
11. Dang ST, Petersen A, Van Truong D, Chu HT, Dalsgaard A. 2011. Impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria at integrated pig-fish farms in Vietnam. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:4494-4498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02975-10.
12. Lee G. 2013. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from male patients with complicated urinary tract infection. Korean J Urol 54:388-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.4111/kju.2013.54.6.388.
13. Sghir A, Gramet G, Suau A, Rochet V, Pochart P, Dore J. 2000. Quantification of bacterial groups within the human faecal flora by oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:2263-2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.2263-2266.2000.
14. Hidron AI, Edwards JR, Patel J, Horan TC, Sievert DM, Pollock DA, Fridkin SK. 2008. NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29:996-1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591861.
15. Mohamed JA, Huang DB. 2007. Biofilm formation by enterococci. J Med Microbiol 56:1581-1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47331-0.
16. Mika KB, Imamura G, Chang C, Conway V, Fernandez G, Griffith JF, Kampalath RA, Lee CM, Lin CC, Moreno R, Thompson S, Whitman RL, Jay JA. 2009. Pilot- and bench-scale testing of faecal indicator bacteria survival in marine beach sand near point sources. J Appl Microbiol 107: 72-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04197.x.
17. Römling U, Balsalobre C. 2012. Biofilm infections, their resilience to therapy and innovative treatment strategies. J Intern Med 272:541-561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12004.
18. Lewis K. 2001. Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:999-1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001.
19. Wilson CE, Cathro PC, Rogers AH, Briggs N, Zilm PS. 2015. Clonal diversity in biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis in response to environmental stress associated with endodontic irrigants and medicaments. Int Endod J 48:210-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.12301.
20. Toledo-Arana A, Valle J, Solano C, Arrizubieta MJ, Cucarella C, Lamata M, Amorena B, Leiva J, Penades JR, Lasa I. 2001. The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is involved in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:4538-4545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM .67.10.4538-4545.2001.
21. Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Gilmore MS, Shankar N. 2004. Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, enhances biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun 72:6032-6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72 .10.6032-6039.2004.
22. Upadhyaya GP, Lingadevaru UB, Lingegowda RK. 2011. Comparative study among clinical and commensal isolates of Enterococcus faecalis for presence of esp gene and biofilm production. J Infect Dev Ctries 5:365-369.
23. Getachew Y, Hassan L, Zakaria Z, Saleha AA. 2013. Genetic variability of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from human, chickens, and pigs in Malaysia. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00650-13.
24. del Rosario BP, Aquino AP, Tidon AG, Gerpacio RV. 2008. Livestock sector training needs assessment report for Southeast Asia, China and Papua New Guinea. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
25. Usui M, Ozawa S, Onozato H, Kuge R, Obata Y, Uemae T, Ngoc PT, Heriyanto A, Chalemchaikit T, Makita K, Muramatsu Y, Tamura Y. 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility of indicator bacteria isolated from chickens in Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand). J Vet Med Sci 76:685-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0423.
26. Anonymous. 2007. Subregional report on animal genetic resources: Southeast Asia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
27. Hammerum AM. 2012. Enterococci of animal origin and their significance for public health. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:619-625. http://dx.doi .org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03829.x.
28. Donskey CJ, Chowdhry TK, Hecker MT, Hoyen CK, Hanrahan JA, Hujer AM, Hutton-Thomas RA, Whalen CC, Bonomo RA, Rice LB. 2000. Effect of antibiotic therapy on the density of vancomycin resistant enterococci in the stool of colonized patients. N Engl J Med 343:1925-1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200012283432604.
29. Aarestrup FM. 2002. Veterinary drug use in farm animal production and the antibiotic resistance problem, p 153-170. In Smulders FJM, Collins JD (ed), Food safety assurance and veterinary public health, volume 1: food safety assurance in the pre-harvest phase. Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
30. Center for Science in the Public Interest. 2013. Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens. Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, D.C.
31. Anonymous. 2012. Overview of U.S. livestock, poultry, and aquaculture production in 2012. National animal health monitoring system. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
32. Veterinary Medicines Directorate. 2014. United Kingdom veterinary antibiotic resistance and sales surveillance 2013. Government Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system /uploads/attachment_data/file/440744/VARSS.pdf.
33. Anonymous. 2012. Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2012. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, United Kingdom. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/20 8436/auk-2012-25jun13.pdf.
34. Huttner A, Harbath S, Carlet J, Cosgrove S, Goossens H, Holmes A, Jarlier V, Voss A, Pittet D, World Healthcare-Associated Infections Forum participants. 2013. Antimicrobial resistance: a global view from the 2013 World Healthcare-Associated Infections Forum. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2:31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-31.
35. Anonymous. 2010. FAOSTAT on livestock population in ASEAN countries. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, New York, N.Y.
36. Van Boeckel TP, Browner C, Gilbert M, Grenfell BT, Levin SA, Robinson TP, Teillant A, Laxminarayan R. 2015. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:5649-5654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503141112.
37. Anonymous. 2013. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 EU/EEA countries in 2011: third ESVAC report. European Medicines Agency, London, United Kingdom.
38. Anonymous. 2013. The life of broiler chickens. Compassion in World Farming, Decatur, GA. https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/5235306/The-life -of-Broiler-chickens.pdf.
39. Lawlor P. 2010. What is the optimum slaughter weight for pigs? Pig Development Unit, Animal and Grassland Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.
40. Anonymous. 2009. Modern beef production. Cattlemen's Beef Board and National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Washington, D.C.
41. Lestari ES, Severin JA, Verbrugh HA. 2012. Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 43:385-422.
42. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme (DANMAP). 2013. Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk, Albertslund, Denmark.
43. World Organization for Animal Health. 2010. FAO-OIE-WHO: a tripartite alliance for 'one health'. World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France.
44. Teale CJ, Moulin G. 2012. Prudent use guidelines: a review of existing veterinary guidelines. Rev Sci Tech 31:343-354.
45. Duong VN, Paulsen P, Suriyasathaporn W, Smulders FJ, Kyule MN, Baumann MP, Zessin KH, Pham HN. 2006. Preliminary analysis of tetracycline residues in marketed pork in Hanoi, Vietnam. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1081:534-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1373.081.
46. European Medicines Agency. 2011. Trends in the sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in nine European countries (2005-2009). European Medicines Agency, London, United, Kingdom.
47. Smith P. 2008. Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. Rev Sci Tech 27:243-264.
48. World Health Organization. 2011. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, 3rd revision 2011. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
49. Managaki S, Murata A, Takada H, Tuyen BC, Chiem NH. 2007. Distribution of macrolides, sulfonamides and trimethoprim in tropical waters: ubiquitous occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in the Mekong delta. Environ Sci Technol 41:8004-801010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021 /es0709021.
50. Suandy I, Suparno X. 2012. Antimicrobial use and resistance in livestock in the Asia-Pacific region: Indonesia country report. 36th session of the APHCA-Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
51. Stoesser N, Crook DW, Moore CE, Phetsouvanh R, Chansamouth V, Newton PN, Jones N. 2012. Characteristics of CTX-M ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2004-09. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:240-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr434.
52. Sone P, Aung YH. 2012. Antimicrobial use and resistance in livestock in the Asia-Pacific region: Myanmar country report. 36th session of the APHCA-Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
53. Casewell M, Friis C, Marco E, McMullin P, Phillips I. 2003. The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health. J Antimicrob Chemother 52:159-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg313.
54. Paul JH, Rose JB, Jiang S, Kellogg C, Shinn EA. 1995. Occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters and the subsurface aquifer in Key Largo, Florida. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2235-2241.
55. Tansuphasiri U, Khaminthakul D, Pandii W. 2006. Antibiotic resistance of enterococci isolated from frozen foods and environmental water. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37:162-170.
56. McIntosh AC. 2014. Urban water supply and sanitation in Southeast Asia: a guide to good practice. Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong, Philippines.
57. Anh N, Ha TD, Nhue TH, Heinss U, Morel A, Moura M, Schertenleib R. 2002. Decentralized wastewater treatment-new concept and technologies for Vietnamese conditions. Proceedings of the 5th Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems, Istanbul, Turkey.
58. Anonymous. 2010. A rapid assessment of septage management in Asia: policies and practices in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. U. S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADS118.pdf.
59. Al-Gheethi AA, Ismail N, Lalung J, Talib A, Efaq AN, Ab Kadir MO. 2013. Susceptibility for antibiotics among fecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in sewage treated effluents. Water Pract Technol 8:1-6. http://dx .doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.001.
60. Dada AC, Ahmad A, Usup G, Heng LY. 2013. Speciation and antimicrobial resistant of enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess 185:1583-1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007 /s10661-012-2653-6.
61. Hammerum AM, Lester CH, Heuer OE. 2010. Antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in animals and meat: a human health hazard? Foodborne Pathog Dis 7:1137-1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.0552.
62. Getachew Y, Hassan L, Zakaria Z, Zaid CZM, Yardi A, Shukor RA, Marawin LT. 2012. Characterization and risk factors of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) among animal-affiliated workers in Malaysia. J Appl Microbiol 113:1184-1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672 .2012.05406.x.
63. Hayes RJ, English LL, Carter PJ, Proescholdt T, Lee KY, Wagner DD, White DG. 2003. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from retail Meats. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:7153-7160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7153-7160.2003.
64. Aerestrup FM, Butaye P, Witte W. 2002. Nonhuman reservoirs of enterococci, p 79. In Gilmore MS (ed), The enterococci: pathogenesis, molecular biology, and antibiotic resistance. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
65. Poulsen LL, Bisgaard M, Son NT, Trung NV, An HM, Dlasgaard A. 2012. Enterococcus faecium clones in poultry and in humans with urinary tract infections, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 18:1096-1100. http://dx.doi .org/10.3201/eid1807.111754.
66. Weng PL, Ramli R, Shamsudin MN, Cheah YK, Hamat RA. 2013. High genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing from a hospital in Malaysia. Biomed Res Int 2013:938937.
67. Anonymous. 1995. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance: recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 23: 87-94.
68. Diaz L, Kiratisin P, Mendes RE, Panesso D, Singh KV, Arias CA. 2012. Transferable plasmid-mediated resistance to linezolid due to cfr in a human clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:3917-3922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00419-12.
69. Hadi U, van den Broek P, Kolopaking EP, Zairina N, Gardjito W, Gyssens IC, Study Group Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia: Prevalence and Prevention (AMRIN). 2010. Cross-sectional study of availability and pharmaceutical quality of antibiotics requested with or without prescription (over the counter) in Surabaya, Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis 10:203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-203.
70. Anonymous. 2013. National surveillance of antibiotic resistance report. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
71. Poh LW, Rukman AW, Cheah YK, Norital Z, Nazri AM, Mariana NS. 2012. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium of multi locus sequence type 18 in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 67:639-640.
72. Chlebicki MP, Kurup A. 2008. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: a review from a Singapore perspective. Ann Acad Med Singapore 37:861-869.
73. Yang KS, Fong YT, Lee HY, Kurup A, Koh TH, Koh D, Lim MK. 2007. Predictors of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) carriage in the first major VRE outbreak in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore 36:379-383.
74. Hsu LY, Tan TY, Jureen R, Koh TH, Krishnan P, Lin RTP, Tee NWS, Tambyah PA. 2007. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Singapore hospitals. Emerg Infect Dis 13:1944-1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1312 .070299.
75. Myat TO, Prasad N, Thinn KK, Win KK, Htike WW, Zin KN, Murdoch DR, Crump JA. 2014. Bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 108:692-698. http://dx .doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/tru151.
76. Seol CA, Park JS, Sung H, Kim MN. 2014. Co-colonization of vanA and vanB Enterococcus faecium of clonal complex 17 in a patient with bacteremia due to vanA E. faecium. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 79:141-143. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.02.018.
77. Ostrowsky BE, Trick WE, Sohn AH, Quick SB, Holt S, Carson LA, Hill BC, Arduino MJ, Kuehnert MJ, Jarvis WR. 2001. Control of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus in health care facilities in a region.NEngl J Med 344:1427-1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105103441903.
78. Ang SW, Seah CS, Lee ST. 1996. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in the Singapore National Burns Centre: a case report. Ann Acad Med Singapore 25:270-272.
79. Fisher K, Phillips C. 2009. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology 155:1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0 .026385-0.
80. Getachew YM, Hassan L, Zakaria Z, Saleha AA, Kamaruddin MI, Che Zalina MZ. 2009. Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from broilers in Selangor, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 26:280 -288.