The water footprint of the wine industry: Implementation of an assessment methodology and application to a case study

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 12190-12208

  Bonamente, Emanuele ^a   Scrucca, Flavio ^a   Asdrubali, Francesco ^a   Cotana, Franco ^a   Presciutti, Andrea ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blue water; Green water; Grey water; Water footprint; Wine industry

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; FOOD INDUSTRY; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; POLLUTANT SOURCE; WASTEWATER; WATER FOOTPRINT; WATER INDUSTRY; WATER USE;

ITALY;

EID: 84945208888     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20711050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su70912190     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. The UN World Water Development Report 2015, Water for a Sustainable World. Available online: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2015-water-for-asustainable-world/(accessed on 18 August 2015).
2. United Nations Environment Programme. Vital Water Graphics-An Overview of the State of the World's Fresh and Marine Waters, 2nd ed.; UNEP: Nairobi, Kenya, 2008.
3. World Agriculture towards 2030/2050. Available online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap106e/ap106e.pdf (accessed on 18 August 2015).
4. The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture. Available online: http://www.fao.org/nr/solaw/the-book/en/(accessed on 18 August 2015).
5. Asdrubali, F.; Baldinelli, G.; Scrucca, F. Comparative life cycle assessment of an innovative CSP air-cooled system and conventional condensers. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess 2015, 20, 1076-1088.
6. Hoekstra, A.Y.; Chapagain, A.K. Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resour. Manag. 2007, 21, 35-48.
7. Hoekstra, A.Y.; Chapagain, A.K. Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet's Freshwater Resources; Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2008.
8. Salata, F.; Coppi, M. A first approach study on the desalination of sea water using heat transformers powered by solar ponds. Appl. Energy 2014, 136, 611-618.
9. Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. Available online: https://appgeodb.nancy.inra.fr/biljou/pdf/Allen_FAO1998.pdf (accessed on 18 August 2015).
10. Cazcarro, I.; Duarte, R.; Martín-Retortillo, M.; Pinilla, V.; Serrano, A. How sustainable is the increase in the water footprint of the Spanish agricultural sector? A Provincial Analysis between 1955 and 2005-2010. Sustainability 2015, 7, 5094-5119.
11. Flores Lopez, L.I.; Bautista-Capetillo, C. Green and blue water footprint accounting for dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in primary region of Mexico. Sustainability 2015, 7, 3001-3016.
12. Ridoutt, B.G.; Sanguansri, P.; Harper, G.S. Comparing carbon and water footprints for beef cattle production in Southern Australia. Sustainability 2011, 3, 2443-2455.
13. Herath, I.; Green, S.; Horne, D.; Singh, R.; McLaren, S.; Clothier, B. Water footprinting of agricultural products: Evaluation of different protocols using a case study of New Zealand wine. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 44, 159-167.
14. Herath, I.; Green, S.; Singh, R.; Horne, D.; van der Zijpp, S.; Clothier, B. Water footprinting of agricultural products: A hydrological assessment for the water footprint of New Zealand's wines. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 44, 232-243.
15. Quinteiro, P.; Dias, A.C.; Pina, L.; Neto, B.; Ridoutt, B.G.; Arroja, L. Addressing the freshwater use of a Portuguese wine ('vinho verde') using different LCA methods. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 68, 46-55.
16. Ene, S.A.; Teodosiu, C.; Robu, B.; Volf, I. Water footprint assessment in the winemaking industry: A case study for a Romanian medium size production plant. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 43, 122-135.
17. Hoekstra, A.Y.; Hung, P.Q. Virtual Water Trade: A Quantification of Virtual Water Flows between Nations in Relation to International Crop Trade; IHE Delft: Delft, The Netherlands, 2002.
18. Hoekstra, A.Y.; Chapagain, A.K.; Aldaya, M.M.; Mekonnen, M.M. The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard; Earthscan: London, UK, 2011.
19. Environmental Management-Water Footprint-Principles, Requirements and Guidelines. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=43263 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
20. Jeswani, H.K.; Azapagic, A. Water footprint: Methodologies and a case study for assessing the impacts of water use. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1288-1299.
21. Berger, M.; Finkbeiner, M. Water footprinting: How to address water use in life cycle assessment? Sustainability 2010, 2, 919-944.
22. Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Requirements and Guidelines. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=38498 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
23. Meier, M.S.; Stoessel, F.; Jungbluth, N.; Juraske, R.; Schader, C.; Stolze, M. Environmental impacts of organic and conventional agricultural products-Are the differences captured by life cycle assessment? J. Environ. Manag. 2015, 149, 193-208.
24. Asdrubali, F.; Baldinelli, G.; D'Alessandro, F.; Scrucca, F. Life cycle assessment of electricity production from renewable energies: Review and results harmonization. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 42, 1113-1122.
25. Asdrubali, F.; Cotana, F.; Rossi, F.; Presciutti, A.; Rotili, A.; Guattari, C. Life cycle assessment of new oxy-fuels from biodiesel-derived glycerol. Energies 2015, doi:10.3390/en80x000x.
26. Bonamente, E.; Merico, M.C.; Rinaldi, S.; Pignatta, G.; Pisello, A.L.; Cotana, F.; Nicolini, A. Environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings: Carbon and energy footprint analysis based on an LCA approach. Energy Proced. 2014, 61, 2841-2844.
27. Traverso, M.; Asdrubali, F.; Finkbeiner, M.; Francia, A. Towards life cycle sustainability assessment: An implementation to photovoltaic modules. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess 2012, 17, 1068-1079.
28. Asdrubali, F.; Presciutti, A.; Scrucca, F. Development of a greenhouse gas accounting GIS-based tool to support local policy making-application to an Italian municipality. Energy Policy 2013, 61, 587-594.
29. Massimo, A.; Dell'Isola, M.; Frattolillo, A.; Ficco, G. Development of a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the integration of solar energy in the energy planning of a wide area. Sustainability 2014, 6, 5730-5744.
30. Greenhouse Gases-Carbon Footprint of Products-Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification and Communication. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=59521 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
31. Rossi, F.; Bonamente, E.; Nicolini, A.; Anderini, E.; Cotana, F. A carbon footprint and energy consumption assessment methodology for UHI-affected lighting systems in built areas. Energy Build. 2015, doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.054.
32. Bonamente, E. Environmental Footprinting Based on LCA Approach: Application to Carbon, Water, Land-use, and Energy Footprint Analyses. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, February 2015.
33. Viticoltura sostenibile. Available online: http://www.viva-software.it (accessed on 18 August 2015).
34. European Food Safety Authority. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu (accessed on 18 August 2015).
35. Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. Available online: http://www.mattilsynet.no/om_mattilsynet/utkast_til_dwd_annex_iii.11845/binary/Utkast%20til%20DWD_Annex%20III (accessed on 18 August 2015).
36. Milài Canals, L.; Chenoweth, J.; Chapagain, A.; Orr, S.; Antón, A.; Clift, R. Assessing freshwater use impacts in LCA: Part I-Inventory modelling and characterisation factors for the main impact pathways. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2009, 14, 28-42.
37. Ridoutt, B.G.; Pfister, S. A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Glob. Environ. Change 2010, 20, 113-120.
38. Lamastra, L.; Suciu, N.; Novelli, E; Trevisan, M. A new approach to assessing the water footprint of wine: An Italian case study. Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 9, 748-756.
39. L'acqua che mangiamo cos è l acqua virtuale e come la consumiamo. Available online: http://docplayer.it/38396-L-acqua-che-mangiamo-cos-e-l-acqua-virtuale-e-come-la-consumiamo.html (accessed on 18 August 2015).
40. Ecoinvent Version 3. Available online: http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/ecoinvent-version-3/ecoinvent-version-3.html (accessed on 18 August 2015).
41. V.I.V.A. Sustainable Wine. Available online: http://www.minambiente.it/pagina/il-progetto-vivasustainable-wine (accessed on 18 August 2015).
42. Greenhouse Gases-Part 1: Specification with Guidance at the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=38381 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
43. Greenhouse Gases-Part 2: Specification with Guidance at the Project Level for Quantification, Monitoring and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions or Removal Enhancements. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=38382 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
44. Greenhouse Gases-Part 3: Specification with Guidance for the Validation and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Assertions. Available online: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=38700 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
45. Viticoltura Sostenibile. Available online: http://www.viticolturasostenibile.org (accessed on 18 August 2015).
46. Mobile app V.I.V.A. Sustainable Wine. Available online: https://itunes.apple.com/en/app/v.i.v.a./id628066574 (accessed on 18 August 2015).
47. Hoekstra, A.Y.; Chapagain, A.K.; Aldaya, M.M.; Mekonnen, M.M. The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard; Earthscan: Washington, DC, USA, 2011.