메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 1045-1062

Lagrangian investigation of the precipitation efficiency of convective clouds

Author keywords

Cumulus clouds; Entrainment; Large eddy simulations; Water budget

Indexed keywords

AIR ENTRAINMENT; BUDGET CONTROL; CLOUDS; EFFICIENCY; LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; MOLECULES; RAIN; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 84944061308     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0159.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0010397944 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of air andmoisture flux into hailstorms on the high plains
    • Auer, A.H., and J.D. Marwitz, 1968: Estimates of air andmoisture flux into hailstorms on the high plains. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 196-198, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1968)007<0196:EOAAMF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1968) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.7 , pp. 196-198
    • Auer, A.H.1    Marwitz, J.D.2
  • 2
    • 0000366426 scopus 로고
    • Heat convection and buoyant effects in fluids
    • Batchelor, G. K., 1954: Heat convection and buoyant effects in fluids. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 80, 339-358, doi:10.1002/qj.49708034504.
    • (1954) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.80 , pp. 339-358
    • Batchelor, G.K.1
  • 3
    • 0024253348 scopus 로고
    • A study of the source of entrained air in Montana cumuli
    • Blyth, A. M., W. A. Cooper, and J. B. Jensen, 1988: A study of the source of entrained air in Montana cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3944-3964, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<3944:ASOTSO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.45 , pp. 3944-3964
    • Blyth, A.M.1    Cooper, W.A.2    Jensen, J.B.3
  • 5
    • 84867951271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the subcloud layer on the development of a deep convective ensemble
    • Boing, S. J., H. J. J. Jonker, A. P. Siebesma, and W. W. Grabowski, 2012: Influence of the subcloud layer on the development of a deep convective ensemble. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2682-2698, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0317.1.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 2682-2698
    • Boing, S.J.1    Jonker, H.J.J.2    Siebesma, A.P.3    Grabowski, W.W.4
  • 6
    • 0000773884 scopus 로고
    • The water and energy budgets of the thunderstorm and their relation to thunderstorm development
    • Braham, R. R., 1952: The water and energy budgets of the thunderstorm and their relation to thunderstorm development. J. Meteor., 9, 227-242, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1952)009<0227:TWAEBO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1952) J. Meteor , vol.9 , pp. 227-242
    • Braham, R.R.1
  • 7
    • 84855788698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a simulated squall line to horizontal resolution and parameterization of microphysics
    • Bryan, G. H., and H. Morrison, 2012: Sensitivity of a simulated squall line to horizontal resolution and parameterization of microphysics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 202-225, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00046.1.
    • (2012) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.140 , pp. 202-225
    • Bryan, G.H.1    Morrison, H.2
  • 8
    • 0033492008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrainment and detrainment in numerically simulated cumulus congestus clouds. Part III: Parcel analysis
    • Carpenter, R. L., Jr., K. K. Droegemeier, and A. M. Blyth, 1998: Entrainment and detrainment in numerically simulated cumulus congestus clouds. Part III: Parcel analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3440-3455, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3440:EADINS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 3440-3455
    • Carpenter, R.L.1    Droegemeier, K.K.2    Blyth, A.M.3
  • 9
    • 34249698075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further results on the sensitivity of simulated storm precipitation efficiency to environmental temperature
    • Cohen, C., and E. W. McCaul Jr., 2007: Further results on the sensitivity of simulated storm precipitation efficiency to environmental temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1671-1684, doi:10.1175/MWR3380.1.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 1671-1684
    • Cohen, C.1    McCaul, E.W.2
  • 10
    • 33744495102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of thermals in cumulus from airborne dual-Doppler radar observations
    • Damiani, R., G. Vali, and S. Haimov, 2006: The structure of thermals in cumulus from airborne dual-Doppler radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1432-1450, doi:10.1175/JAS3701.1.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1432-1450
    • Damiani, R.1    Vali, G.2    Haimov, S.3
  • 11
    • 0019703825 scopus 로고
    • A similarity theory for unsaturated downdrafts within clouds
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1981: A similarity theory for unsaturated downdrafts within clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1541-1557, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1541:ASTFUD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1541-1557
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 0024223807 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of thunderstorm precipitation efficiency from field measurements in CCOPE
    • Fankhauser, J. C., 1988: Estimates of thunderstorm precipitation efficiency from field measurements in CCOPE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 663-684, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0663:EOTPEF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.116 , pp. 663-684
    • Fankhauser, J.C.1
  • 13
    • 0001233986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors responsible for precipitation efficiencies in midlatitude and tropical squall simulations
    • Ferrier, B. S., J. Simpson, and W. K. Tao, 1996: Factors responsible for precipitation efficiencies in midlatitude and tropical squall simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2100-2125, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2100:FRFPEI>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.124 , pp. 2100-2125
    • Ferrier, B.S.1    Simpson, J.2    Tao, W.K.3
  • 14
    • 51749086828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixing in shallow cumulus clouds studied by Lagrangian particle tracking
    • Heus, T., G. Van Dijk, H. J. J. Jonker, and H. E. A. Van den Akker, 2008: Mixing in shallow cumulus clouds studied by Lagrangian particle tracking. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2581-2597, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2572.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 2581-2597
    • Heus, T.1    Van Dijk, G.2    Jonker, H.J.J.3    Van den Akker, H.E.A.4
  • 15
    • 45849113311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification
    • Khain, A. P., N. BenMoshe, and A. Pokrovsky, 2008: Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1721-1748, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2515.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 1721-1748
    • Khain, A.P.1    BenMoshe, N.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 16
    • 50949111185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and moiststability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation
    • Kirshbaum, D. J., and R. B. Smith, 2008: Temperature and moiststability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1183-1199, doi:10.1002/qj.274.
    • (2008) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.134 , pp. 1183-1199
    • Kirshbaum, D.J.1    Smith, R.B.2
  • 17
    • 34548273145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservative split-explicit time integration methods for the compressible nonhydrostatic equations
    • Klemp, J. B., W. C. Skamarock, and J. Dudhia, 2007: Conservative split-explicit time integration methods for the compressible nonhydrostatic equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2897-2913, doi:10.1175/MWR3440.1.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 2897-2913
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Skamarock, W.C.2    Dudhia, J.3
  • 18
    • 34547642176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of parameter, software, and hardware variation with large-scale behavior across 57, 000 climate models
    • Knight, C. G., and Coauthors, 2007: Association of parameter, software, and hardware variation with large-scale behavior across 57, 000 climate models. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 12 259-12 264, doi:10.1073/pnas.0608144104.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 12259-12264
    • Knight, C.G.1
  • 19
    • 0029104142 scopus 로고
    • Improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection
    • Krueger, S. K., Q. A. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H. N. S. Chin, 1995: Improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 281-287, doi:10.1175/1520-0450-34.1.281.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.34 , pp. 281-287
    • Krueger, S.K.1    Fu, Q.A.2    Liou, K.N.3    Chin, H.N.S.4
  • 20
    • 33645962608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection
    • Kuang, Z., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1895-1909, doi:10.1175/JAS3723.1.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1895-1909
    • Kuang, Z.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 21
    • 23044481019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening of droplet size distributions from entrainment and mixing in a cumulus cloud
    • Lasher-Trapp, S. G., W. A. Cooper, and A. M. Blyth, 2005: Broadening of droplet size distributions from entrainment and mixing in a cumulus cloud. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 195-220, doi:10.1256/qj.03.199.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 195-220
    • Lasher-Trapp, S.G.1    Cooper, W.A.2    Blyth, A.M.3
  • 22
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., D. F. Richard, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Richard, D.F.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 23
    • 0021638949 scopus 로고
    • Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model
    • Lord, S. J., H. E. Willoughby, and J. M. Piotrowicz, 1984: Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2836-2848, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2836:ROAPIP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 2836-2848
    • Lord, S.J.1    Willoughby, H.E.2    Piotrowicz, J.M.3
  • 24
    • 33644585450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling turbulent flow with implicit LES
    • Margolin, L. G., W. J. Rider, and F. F. Grinstein, 2006: Modeling turbulent flow with implicit LES. J. Turbul., 7, 1-27, doi:10.1080/14685240500331595.
    • (2006) J. Turbul , vol.7 , pp. 1-27
    • Margolin, L.G.1    Rider, W.J.2    Grinstein, F.F.3
  • 25
    • 79251510318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensification of precipitation extremes with warming in a cloud-resolving model
    • Muller, C., P. A. O'Gorman, and L. E. Back, 2011: Intensification of precipitation extremes with warming in a cloud-resolving model. J. Climate, 24, 2784-2800, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3876.1.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 2784-2800
    • Muller, C.1    O'Gorman, P.A.2    Back, L.E.3
  • 26
    • 0006684156 scopus 로고
    • Numerical experiments on the relation between microphysics and dynamics in cumulus convection
    • Murray, F. W., and L. R. Koenig, 1972: Numerical experiments on the relation between microphysics and dynamics in cumulus convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 717-732, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0717:NEOTRB>2.3.CO;2.
    • (1972) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.100 , pp. 717-732
    • Murray, F.W.1    Koenig, L.R.2
  • 27
    • 77951885753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius-Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?
    • O'Gorman, P. A., and C. J. Muller, 2010: How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius-Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 025207, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207.
    • (2010) Environ. Res. Lett , vol.5
    • O'Gorman, P.A.1    Muller, C.J.2
  • 28
    • 0036330172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entropy budget of an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium. Part I: Maximum work and frictional dissipation
    • Pauluis, O., and I. M. Held, 2002: Entropy budget of an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium. Part I: Maximum work and frictional dissipation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 125-139, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0125:EBOAAI>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 125-139
    • Pauluis, O.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 29
    • 24944477999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anvil glaciation in a deep cumulus updraught over Florida simulated with the Explicit Microphysics Model. I: Impact of various nucleation processes
    • Phillips, V. T. J., and Coauthors, 2005: Anvil glaciation in a deep cumulus updraught over Florida simulated with the Explicit Microphysics Model. I: Impact of various nucleation processes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2019-2046, doi:10.1256/qj.04.85.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2019-2046
    • Phillips, V.T.J.1
  • 31
    • 65549129647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dry-entropy budget of amoist atmosphere
    • Romps, D.M., 2008: The dry-entropy budget of amoist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3779-3799, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2679.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 3779-3799
    • Romps, D.M.1
  • 32
    • 79251491692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of tropical precipitation to global warming
    • Romps, D.M., 2011: Response of tropical precipitation to global warming. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 123-138, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3542.1.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.68 , pp. 123-138
    • Romps, D.M.1
  • 33
    • 77953248803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do undiluted convective plumes exist in the upper tropical troposphere?
    • Romps, D.M., and Z. Kuang, 2010: Do undiluted convective plumes exist in the upper tropical troposphere? J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 468-484, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3184.1.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.67 , pp. 468-484
    • Romps, D.M.1    Kuang, Z.2
  • 34
    • 80053241649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transilient matrix for moist convection
    • Romps, D.M., and Z. Kuang, 2011: A transilient matrix for moist convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2009-2025, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3712.1.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.68 , pp. 2009-2025
    • Romps, D.M.1    Kuang, Z.2
  • 35
    • 0020969548 scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. VIII. A model for the ''seeder-feeder'' process in warm-frontal rainbands
    • Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. VIII. A model for the ''seeder-feeder'' process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1185:TMAMSA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.40 , pp. 1185-1206
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 36
    • 38849206844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards constraining climate sensitivity by linear analysis of feedback patterns in thousands of perturbedphysics GCM simulations
    • Sanderson, B. M., C. Piani, W. J. Ingram, D. A. Stone, and M. R. Allen, 2008: Towards constraining climate sensitivity by linear analysis of feedback patterns in thousands of perturbedphysics GCM simulations. Climate Dyn., 30, 175-190, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0280-7.
    • (2008) Climate Dyn , vol.30 , pp. 175-190
    • Sanderson, B.M.1    Piani, C.2    Ingram, W.J.3    Stone, D.A.4    Allen, M.R.5
  • 37
    • 70450213488 scopus 로고
    • Bubble theory of penetrative convection
    • Scorer, R. S., and F. H. Ludlam, 1953: Bubble theory of penetrative convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 79, 94, doi:10.1002/qj.49707933908.
    • (1953) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.79 , pp. 94
    • Scorer, R.S.1    Ludlam, F.H.2
  • 38
    • 0000034725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essentially non-oscillatory and weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. Advanced Numerical Approximation of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations
    • A. Quarteroni, Ed., Springer
    • Shu, C.-W., 1998: Essentially non-oscillatory and weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. Advanced Numerical Approximation of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations, A. Quarteroni, Ed., Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 1697, Springer, 325-432.
    • (1998) Lecture Notes in Mathematics , vol.1697 , pp. 325-432
    • Shu, C.-W.1
  • 39
    • 45449125925 scopus 로고
    • Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes
    • Shu, C.-W., and S. Osher, 1988: Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes. J. Comput. Phys., 77, 439-471, doi:10.1016/0021-9991(88)90177-5.
    • (1988) J. Comput. Phys , vol.77 , pp. 439-471
    • Shu, C.-W.1    Osher, S.2
  • 40
    • 0000990160 scopus 로고
    • Models of precipitating cumulus towers. Mon
    • Simpson, J., and V. Wiggert, 1969: Models of precipitating cumulus towers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 471-489, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1969)097<0471:MOPCT>2.3.CO;2.
    • (1969) Wea. Rev , vol.97 , pp. 471-489
    • Simpson, J.1    Wiggert, V.2
  • 41
    • 84883088629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of entrainment on the thermal stratification in simulations of radiativeconvective equilibrium
    • Singh, M. S., and P. A. O'Gorman, 2013: Influence of entrainment on the thermal stratification in simulations of radiativeconvective equilibrium. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4398-4403, doi:10.1002/grl.50796.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.40 , pp. 4398-4403
    • Singh, M.S.1    O'Gorman, P.A.2
  • 43
    • 0021633249 scopus 로고
    • Transilient turbulence theory. Part I: The concept of eddy-mixing across finite distances
    • Stull, R. B., 1984: Transilient turbulence theory. Part I: The concept of eddy-mixing across finite distances. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3351-3367, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<3351:TTTPIT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 3351-3367
    • Stull, R.B.1
  • 44
    • 31144474366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of oceanic precipitation efficiency in cloud models
    • Sui, C.-H., X. Li, M.-J. Yang, and H.-L. Huang, 2005: Estimation of oceanic precipitation efficiency in cloud models. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4358-4370, doi:10.1175/JAS3587.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 4358-4370
    • Sui, C.-H.1    Li, X.2    Yang, M.-J.3    Huang, H.-L.4
  • 45
    • 38349146817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the definition of precipitation efficiency
    • Sui, C.-H., X. Li, and M.-J. Yang, 2007: On the definition of precipitation efficiency. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4506-4513, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2332.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 4506-4513
    • Sui, C.-H.1    Li, X.2    Yang, M.-J.3
  • 46
    • 0029685033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional flux-limited advection schemes
    • Thuburn, J., 1996: Multidimensional flux-limited advection schemes. J. Comput. Phys., 123, 74-83, doi:10.1006/jcph.1996.0006.
    • (1996) J. Comput. Phys , vol.123 , pp. 74-83
    • Thuburn, J.1
  • 47
    • 79954995826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium
    • van den Heever, S. C., G. L. Stephens, and N. B. Wood, 2011: Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 699-718, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3603.1.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.68 , pp. 699-718
    • van den Heever, S.C.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Wood, N.B.3
  • 48
    • 0020434898 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy
    • Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 504-520, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0504:TDONSC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.110 , pp. 504-520
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Klemp, J.B.2
  • 49
    • 84880295595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some issues in uncertainty quantification and parameter tuning: a case study of convective parameterization scheme in the WRF regional climate model
    • Yang, B., Y. Qian, G. Lin, R. Leung, Y. Zhang, and Y. Zhang, 2012: Some issues in uncertainty quantification and parameter tuning: a case study of convective parameterization scheme in the WRF regional climate model. Atmos. Phys. Chem., 12, 2409-2427, doi:10.5194/acp-12-2409-2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Phys. Chem , vol.12 , pp. 2409-2427
    • Yang, B.1    Qian, Y.2    Lin, G.3    Leung, R.4    Zhang, Y.5    Zhang, Y.6
  • 50
    • 84880901079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty quantification and parameter tuning in the CAM5 Zhang-McFarlane convection scheme and impact of improved convection on the global circulation and climate
    • Yang, B., and Coauthors, 2013: Uncertainty quantification and parameter tuning in the CAM5 Zhang-McFarlane convection scheme and impact of improved convection on the global circulation and climate. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 395-415, doi:10.1029/2012JD018213.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos , vol.118 , pp. 395-415
    • Yang, B.1
  • 51
    • 84874995634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of convective entrainment using Lagrangian particles
    • Yeo, K., and D. M. Romps, 2013: Measurement of convective entrainment using Lagrangian particles. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 266-277, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0144.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.70 , pp. 266-277
    • Yeo, K.1    Romps, D.M.2
  • 52
    • 20444467590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part II: Mixing dynamics
    • Zhao, M., and P. H. Austin, 2005: Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part II: Mixing dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1291-1310, doi:10.1175/JAS3415.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 1291-1310
    • Zhao, M.1    Austin, P.H.2
  • 53
    • 2442595535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some views on hot towers after 50 years of tropical field programs and two years of TRMM data
    • Meteor. Monogr., No. 51, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Zipser, E. J., 2003: Some views on hot towers after 50 years of tropical field programs and two years of TRMM data. Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Meteor. Monogr., No. 51, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 49-58.
    • (2003) Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) , pp. 49-58
    • Zipser, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.