Estimation of oceanic precipitation efficiency in cloud models

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 62, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 4358-4370

  Sui, Chung Hsiung ^a   Li, Xiaofan ^b   Yang, Ming Jen ^a   Huang, Hsiao Ling ^c  

^a NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   (United States)

^c CHINESE CULTURE UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ESTIMATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; OCEANOGRAPHY; STORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC COLUMNS; CLOUD MODELS; HYDROMETEORS; OCEANIC PRECIPITATION; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ESTIMATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; OCEANOGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); STORMS;

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY);

EID: 31144474366     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3587.1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
2. Betts, A. K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 677-691.
3. Betts, A. K. and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX, and artic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709.
4. Doswell, C. A., III, H. E. Brooks, and R. A. Maddox, 1996: Flash flood forecasting: An ingredients-based methodology. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 560-581.
5. Ferrier, B. S., J. Simpson, and W.-K. Tao, 1996: Factors responsible for precipitation efficiencies in midlatitude and tropical squall simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 12A, 2100-2125.
6. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
7. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-398+STR, 121 pp.
8. Hsie, E.-Y., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1980: Numerical simulation of ice-phase convective seeding. J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 950-977.
9. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1993: Convective parameterization for mesoscale model: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogn, No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc. 165-177.
10. Krueger, S. K., Q. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H.-N. S. Chin, 1995: Improvement of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 281-287.
11. Kuo, H. L., 1965: On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 40-63.
12. Kuo, H. L., 1974: Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232-1240.
13. Li, X, C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou, 1999: Large-scale forcing and cloud-radiation interaction in the tropical deep convective regime. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3028-3042.
14. Li, X, C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou, 2002a: Interaction between tropical convection and its embedding environment: An energetics analysis of a 2D cloud resolving simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1712-1722.
15. Li, X, C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou, 2002b: Precipitation efficiency in the tropical deep convective regime: A 2-D cloud resolving modeling study. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 205-212.
16. Li, X, C.-H. Sui, and M.-D. Chou, 2002c: Dominant cloud microphysical processes in a tropical oceanic convective system: A 2D cloud resolving modeling study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2481-2491.
17. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
18. Lipps, E. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1986: Numerical simulation of deep tropical convection associated with large-scale convergence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1796-1816.
19. Liu, Y., D.-L. Zhang, and M. K. Yau, 1997: A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part I: Explicit simulation and verification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3073-3093.
20. Lord, S. J., H. E. Willoughby, and J. M. Piotrowicz, 1984: Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. ScL, 41, 2836-2848.
21. Manabe, S., and R. F. Strickler, 1964: Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci, 21, 361-385.
22. Reisner, J., R. J. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruitjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscaled model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071-1107.
23. Rutledge, and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. VIII: A model for the "seeder-feeder" process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206.
24. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1984: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2949-2972,
25. Soong, S. T., and Y. Ogura, 1980: Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2035-2050.
26. Soong, S. T.,and W.-K. Tao, 1980: Response of deep tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2016-2034.
27. C K.-M. Lau, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1994: The tropical water and energy cycles in a cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Equilibrium climate. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 711-728.
28. Sui, C.-H., X. Li, and K.-M. Lau, 1998: Radiative-convective processes in simulated diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection. J. Atmos.Sci., 55, 2345-2359.
29. Sui, C.-H.,, and Coauthors, 2002: Typhoon Nari and Taipei Flood - A pilot meteorology-hydrology study. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 83,265-270.
30. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1993: The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. Part I: Model description. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci, 4, 35-72.
31. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson,and M. McCumber, 1989: An ice-water saturation adjustment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117,231-235.
32. Tao, W.-K., J. Samson, C.-H. Sui, S. Lang, J. Scala, B. Ferrier, M. D. Chou, and K. Pickering, 1993: Heating, moisture and water budgets in the convective and stratiform regions of tropical and mid-latitude squall lines: Their sensitivity to longwave radiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 673-690.
33. Tao, W.-K., D. Johnson, C.-L. Shie, and J. Simpson, 2004: The atmospheric energy budget and large-scale precipitation efficiency of convective systems during TOGA COARE, GATE, SCSMEX, and ARM: Cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2405-2423.
34. Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 504-520.
35. Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, 1996: Surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 9, 1959-1990.
36. Willoughby, H. E., H. L. Jin, S. J. Lord, and J. M. Piotrowicz, 1984: Hurricane structure and evolution as simulated by an axisymmetric, non-hydrostatic numerical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1169-1186.
37. Yang, M.-J., and H.-L. Huang, 2004: Precipitation processes associated with the landfalling Typhoon Nari (2001). Extended Abstracts, 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5A.3. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/26HURR/techprogram/ paper_75490.htm.]
38. Zhang, M. H., and J. L. Lin, 1997: Constrained variational analysis of sounding data based on column-integrated budgets of mass, heat, moisture, and momentum: Approach and application to ARM measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1503-1524.