Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: Engineering aspects

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

Volumn 77, Issue , 2016, Pages 249-263

  Ahmed, Snober ^a   Bui, Minh Phuong Ngoc ^a   Abbas, Abdennour ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biosensor; Cellulose paper; Chemosensor; Lateral flow assays; Paper microfluidics

Indexed keywords

ANALYTIC EQUIPMENT; BIOSENSORS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; MICROFLUIDICS; PHYSIOLOGY;

CELLULOSE PAPERS; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS; CHEMOSENSOR; ENGINEERING ASPECTS; LATERAL FLOW ASSAY; MULTIFUNCTIONALITY; PAPER-BASED ANALYTICAL DEVICES; RECENT RESEARCHES;

PAPER;

ADSORPTION KINETICS; BIOENGINEERING; BIOSENSOR; BIOSEPARATION; CELLULOSE PAPER; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CHEMICAL SENSOR; COLOR; COLORIMETRY; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); COVALENT BOND; DENSITY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; FLOW KINETICS; HUMAN; LOCALIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; MICROFLUIDICS; PAPER; PROCESS DESIGN; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; REVIEW; SENSOR; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE PROPERTY; CONDUCTOMETRY; DEVICE FAILURE ANALYSIS; DEVICES; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GENETIC PROCEDURES; IMMUNOASSAY; LAB ON A CHIP; RECYCLING;

BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; CONDUCTOMETRY; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; EQUIPMENT REUSE; IMMUNOASSAY; LAB-ON-A-CHIP DEVICES; PAPER;

EID: 84943560059     PISSN: 09565663     EISSN: 18734235     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.038     Document Type: Review

References (161)

1. Abbas A., Brimer A., Slocik J.M., Tian L., Naik R.R., Singamaneni S. Multifunctional analytical platform on a paper strip: separation, preconcentration, and subattomolar detection. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85(8):3977-3983.
2. Abbas A., Brimer A., Tian L., d'Avignon D.A., Hameed A.S., Vittal J.J., Singamaneni S. Vesicle-mediated growth of tubular branches and centimeter-long microtubes from a single molecule. Small 2013, 9(15):2611-2618.
3. Abbas A., Fei M., Tian L., Singamaneni S. Trapping proteins within gold nanoparticle assemblies: dynamically tunable hot-spots for nanobiosensing. Plasmonics 2013, 8(2):537-544.
4. Abbas A., Kattumenu R., Tian L., Singamaneni S. Molecular linker-mediated self-assembly of gold nanoparticles: understanding and controlling the dynamics. Langmuir 2012, 29(1):56-64.
5. Abbas A., Linman M.J., Cheng Q. New trends in instrumental design for surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26(5):1815-1824.
6. Abbas A., Tian L., Kattumenu R., Halim A., Singamaneni S. Freezing the self-assembly process of gold nanocrystals. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48(11):1677-1679.
7. Abbas A., Tian L., Morrissey J.J., Kharasch E.D., Singamaneni S. Hot spot-localized artificial antibodies for label-free plasmonic biosensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23(14):1789-1797.
8. Adkins J., Boehle K., Henry C. Electrochemical paper-based microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2015, 36:1811-1824.
9. Apilux A., Dungchai W., Siangproh W., Praphairaksit N., Henry C.S., Chailapakul O. Lab-on-paper with dual electrochemical/colorimetric detection for simultaneous determination of gold and iron. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(5):1727-1732.
10. Au A.K., Lai H., Utela B.R., Folch A. Microvalves and micropumps for BioMEMS. Micromachines 2011, 2(2):179-220.
11. Barona D., Amirfazli A. Producing a superhydrophobic paper and altering its repellency through ink-jet printing. Lab on a Chip 2011, 11(5):936-940.
12. Bayley T. XXXVII.-On the behaviour of metallic solutions with filter paper, and on the detection of cadmium. J. Chem. Soc. Trans. 1878, 33:304-306.
13. Bell J.M., Cameron F.K. The flow of liquids through capillary spaces. J. Phys. Chem. 1905, 10:658-674.
14. Bodelón G., Mourdikoudis S., Yate L., Pastoriza-Santos I., Pérez-Juste J., Liz-Marzán L.M. Nickel nanoparticle-doped paper as a bioactive scaffold for targeted and robust immobilization of functional proteins. ACS Nano. 2014, 8(6):6221-6231.
15. Bora U., Sharma P., Kannan K., Nahar P. Photoreactive cellulose membrane-a novel matrix for covalent immobilization of biomolecules. J. Biotechnol. 2006, 126(2):220-229.
16. Brockgreitens J., Ahmed S., Abbas A. Kinetic analysis of α-cyclodextrin interactions using polydiacetylene liposomes. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 2015, 81(3-4):423-427.
17. Bui M.-P.N., Abbas A. Simple and rapid colorimetric detection of p-nitrophenyl substituent organophosphorous nerve agents. Sens. Actuators B: Chem Part A 2015, 207(0):370-374.
18. Bull H.B., Hahn J.W., Baptist V.H. Filter paper chromatography. J. Am. Chem.l Soc. 1949, 71:550-553.
19. Carrilho E., Phillips S.T., Vella S.J., Martinez A.W., Whitesides G.M. Paper microzone plates. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81(15):5990-5998.
20. Carvalhal R.F., Simão Kfouri M., de Oliveira Piazetta M.H., Gobbi A.L., Kubota L.T. Electrochemical detection in a paper-based separation device. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(3):1162-1165.
21. Cassano C., Fan Z.H. Laminated paper-based analytical devices (LPAD): fabrication, characterization, and assays. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2013, 15(2):173-181.
22. Cen L., Neoh K.G., Kang E.T. Surface functionalization technique for conferring antibacterial properties to polymeric and cellulosic surfaces. Langmuir 2003, 19(24):10295-10303.
23. Chaiyo S., Siangproh W., Apilux A., Chailapakul O. Highly selective and sensitive paper-based colorimetric sensor using thiosulfate catalytic etching of silver nanoplates for trace determination of copper ions. Anal. Chim. Acta 2015, 866(0):75-83.
24. Chen C.-C., Liu Y.-J., Yao D.-J. Paper-based device for separation and cultivation of single microalga. Talanta 2015, (in press).
25. Cheng C.-M., Martinez A.W., Gong J., Mace C.R., Phillips S.T., Carrilho E., Mirica K.A., Whitesides G.M. Paper-based ELISA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49(28):4771-4774.
26. Chitnis G., Ding Z., Chang C.-L., Savran C.A., Ziaie B. Laser-treated hydrophobic paper: an inexpensive microfluidic platform. Lab Chip 2011, 11(6):1161-1165.
27. Consden R. Partition chromatography on paper, its scope and application. Nature 1948, 162:359-361.
28. Consden R., Gordon A.H., Martin A.J.P. Qualitative analysis of proteins: a partition chromatographic method using paper. Biochem. J. 1944, 38(3):224-232.
29. Costa M.N., Veigas B., Jacob J.M., Santos D.S., Gomes J., Baptista P.V., Martins R., Inácio J., Fortunato E. A low cost, safe, disposable, rapid and self-sustainable paper-based platform for diagnostic testing: lab-on-paper. Nanotechnology 2014, 25(9):094006.
30. Credou J., Berthelot T. Cellulose: from biocompatible to bioactive material. J. Mater. Chem. B 2014, 2:4767-4788.
31. Davaji B., Lee C.H. A paper-based calorimetric microfluidics platform for bio-chemical sensing. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 59(0):120-126.
32. de Araujo W.R., Paixao T.R.L.C. Fabrication of disposable electrochemical devices using silver ink and office paper. Analyst 2014, 139(11):2742-2747.
33. Delaney J.L., Hogan C.F., Tian J., Shen W. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection in paper-based microfluidic sensors. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83(4):1300-1306.
34. Deng L., Chen C., Zhu C., Dong S., Lu H. Multiplexed bioactive paper based on GO@SiO2@CeO2 nanosheets for a low-cost diagnostics platform. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 52(0):324-329.
35. Desai A.V., Tice J.D., Apblett C.A., Kenis P.J.A. Design considerations for electrostatic microvalves with applications in poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidics. Lab Chip 2012, 12(6):1078-1088.
36. Diekmann S., Siegmund G., Roecker A., Klemm D. Regioselective nitrilotriacetic acid-cellulose-nickel-complexes for immobilisation of his6-tag proteins. Cellulose 2003, 10(1):53-63.
37. Dong C., Qian L.-Y., Zhao G.-L., He B.-H., Xiao H.-N. Preparation of antimicrobial cellulose fibers by grafting β-cyclodextrin and inclusion with antibiotics. Mater. Lett. 2014, 124(0):181-183.
38. Dou M., Sanjay S.T., Benhabib M., Xu F., Li X. Low-cost bioanalysis on paper-based and its hybrid microfluidic platforms. Talanta 2015, (In Press).
39. Dungchai W., Chailapakul O., Henry C.S. A low-cost, simple, and rapid fabrication method for paper-based microfluidics using wax screen-printing. Analyst 2011, 136(1):77-82.
40. Elsharkawy M., Schutzius T.M., Megaridis C.M. Inkjet patterned superhydrophobic paper for open-air surface microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2014, 14(6):1168-1175.
41. Fleischmann M., Hendra P.J., McQuillan A.J. Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 26(2):163-166.
42. Forster R.J., Bertoncello P., Keyes T.E. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2009, 2(1):359-385.
43. Fu E., Liang T., Houghtaling J., Ramachandran S., Ramsey S.A., Lutz B., Yager P. Enhanced sensitivity of lateral flow tests using a two-dimensional paper network format. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83(20):7941-7946.
44. Fu E., Ramsey S., Kauffman P., Lutz B., Yager P. Transport in two-dimensional paper networks. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2011, 10(1):29-35.
45. Gámiz-Gracia L., García-Campaña A.M., Soto-Chinchilla J.J., Huertas-Pérez J.F., González-Casado A. Analysis of pesticides by chemiluminescence detection in the liquid phase. TrAC-Trends Anal. Chem. 2005, 24(11):927-942.
46. Gao B., Liu H., Gu Z. Bottom-up fabrication of paper-based microchips by blade coating of cellulose microfibers on a patterned surface. Langmuir 2014, 30(50):15041-15046.
47. Gao C., Su M., Wang Y., Ge S., Yu J. A disposable paper-based electrochemiluminescence device for ultrasensitive monitoring of CEA based on Ru(bpy)32+@Au nanocages. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(36):28324-28331.
48. Ge L., Wang S., Song X., Ge S., Yu J. 3D Origami-based multifunction-integrated immunodevice: low-cost and multiplexed sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay on microfluidic paper-based analytical device. Lab Chip 2012, 12(17):3150-3158.
49. Ge L., Yan J., Song X., Yan M., Ge S., Yu J. Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemiluminescence immunodevice for multiplexed measurement of biomarkers and point-of-care testing. Biomaterials 2012, 33(4):1024-1031.
50. Ge L., Yu J., Ge S., Yan M. Lab-on-paper-based devices using chemiluminescence and electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2014, 1-18.
51. Geffroy C., Labeau M.P., Wong K., Cabane B., Cohen Stuart M.A. Kinetics of adsorption of polyvinylamine onto cellulose. Colloids and Surfaces A. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2000, 172(1-3):47-56.
52. Geissler A., Loyal F., Biesalski M., Zhang K. Thermo-responsive superhydrophobic paper using nanostructured cellulose stearoyl ester. Cellulose 2014, 21(1):357-366.
53. Glavan A.C., Martinez R.V., Maxwell E.J., Subramaniam A.B., Nunes R.M.D., Soh S., Whitesides G.M. Rapid fabrication of pressure-driven open-channel microfluidic devices in omniphobic RF paper. Lab Chip 2013, 13(15):2922-2930.
54. Gu W., Xu Y., Lou B., Lyu Z., Wang E. One-step process for fabricating paper-based solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor based on functionalized graphene. Electrochem. Commun. 2014, 38(0):57-60.
55. Heinze T., Liebert T. Unconventional methods in cellulose functionalization. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26(9):1689-1762.
56. Hossain S.M.Z., Brennan J.D. β-Galactosidase-based colorimetric paper sensor for determination of heavy metals. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83(22):8772-8778.
57. Hu C., Bai X., Wang Y., Jin W., Zhang X., Hu S. Inkjet printing of nanoporous gold electrode arrays on cellulose membranes for high-sensitive paper-like electrochemical oxygen sensors using ionic liquid electrolytes. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84(8):3745-3750.
58. Hu J., Wang S., Wang L., Li F., Pingguan-Murphy B., Lu T.J., Xu F. Advances in paper-based point-of-care diagnostics. Biosen. Bioelectron. 2014, 54(0):585-597.
59. Ibrahim M.M., Koschella A., Kadry G., Heinze T. Evaluation of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013, 95(1):414-420.
60. Isaad J., El Achari A. Colorimetric sensing of cyanide anions in aqueous media based on functional surface modification of natural cellulose materials. Tetrahedron 2011, 67(26):4939-4947.
61. Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S., Henry A., Leung V., Sicard C., Pennings K., Pelton R., Brennan J.D., Filipe C.D.M. Paper-based microfluidics with an erodible polymeric bridge giving controlled release and timed flow shutoff. Lab Chip 2014, 14(1):229-236.
62. Janasek D., Franzke J., Manz A. Scaling and the design of miniaturized chemical-analysis systems. Nature 2006, 442(7101):374-380.
63. Jayawardane B.M., McKelvie I.D., Kolev S.D. Development of a gas-diffusion microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μpad) for the determination of ammonia in wastewater samples. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87(9):4621-4626.
64. Jin S.-Q., Guo S.-M., Zuo P., Ye B.-C. A cost-effective Z-folding controlled liquid handling microfluidic paper analysis device for pathogen detection via ATP quantification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 63(0):379-383.
65. Kalia S., Boufi S., Celli A., Kango S. Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2014, 292(1):5-31.
66. Kao P.-K., Hsu C.-C. One-step rapid fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using fluorocarbon plasma polymerization. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2014, 16(5):811-818.
67. Karra-Châabouni M., Bouaziz I., Boufi S., Botelho do Rego A.M., Gargouri Y. Physical immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase onto cellulose substrate: Activity and stability studies. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 2008, 66(2):168-177.
68. Katis I.N., Holloway J.A., Madsen J., Faust S.N., Garbis S.D., Smith P.J.S., Voegeli D., Bader D.L., Eason R.W., Sones C.L. Paper-based colorimetric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay fabricated by laser induced forward transfer. Biomicrofluidics 2014, 8:036502.
69. Kauffman P., Fu E., Lutz B., Yager P. Visualization and measurement of flow in two-dimensional paper networks. Lab Chip 2010, 10(19):2614-2617.
70. Kennedy J.F., Quinton L.A. Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, Vol. 1; Functionalization of Cellulose, Vol. 2. Carbohydrate Polymers 2000, 43:206-207. Wiley-VCH, Chichester, 1998, Vol. 1: xxii+260 pages, ISBN 3-527-29413-9, £170; Vol. 2: xvi+389 pages, ISBN 3-527-29489-9, £170.
71. Khan M.S., Fon D., Li X., Tian J., Forsythe J., Garnier G., Shen W. Biosurface engineering through ink jet printing. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 2010, 75(2):441-447.
72. Khatri V., Halász K., Trandafilović L.V., Dimitrijević-Branković S., Mohanty P., Djoković V., Csóka L. ZnO-modified cellulose fiber sheets for antibody immobilization. Carbohydr. Polym. 2014, 109(0):139-147.
73. Kinahan D.J., Kearney S.M., Faneuil O.P., Glynn M.T., Dimov N., Ducree J. Paper imbibition for timing of multi-step liquid handling protocols on event-triggered centrifugal microfluidic lab-on-a-disc platforms. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(3):1818-1826.
74. Klasner S., Price A., Hoeman K., Wilson R., Bell K., Culbertson C. Paper-based microfluidic devices for analysis of clinically relevant analytes present in urine and saliva. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 397(5):1821-1829.
75. Kong F.-Y., Gu S.-X., Li W.-W., Chen T.-T., Xu Q., Wang W. A paper disk equipped with graphene/polyaniline/Au nanoparticles/glucose oxidase biocomposite modified screen-printed electrode: toward whole blood glucose determination. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 56(0):77-82.
76. Kumar A., Hens A., Arun R.K., Chatterjee M., Mahato K., Layek K., Chanda N. A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2015, 140(6):1817-1821.
77. Lee C.H., Hankus M.E., Tian L., Pellegrino P.M., Singamaneni S. Highly sensitive surface enhanced raman scattering substrates based on filter paper loaded with plasmonic nanostructures. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83(23):8953-8958.
78. Lee C.H., Tian L., Singamaneni S. Paper-based sers swab for rapid trace detection on real-world surfaces. ACS Appl. Mate. Interfaces 2010, 2(12):3429-3435.
79. Lei J., Yang L., Zhan Y., Wang Y., Ye T., Li Y., Deng H., Li B. Plasma treated polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene films assembled with chitosan and various preservatives for antimicrobial food packaging. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 2014, 114(0):60-66.
80. Lei K.F., Huang C.-H. Paper-based microreactor integrating cell culture and subsequent immunoassay for the investigation of cellular phosphorylation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6(24):22423-22429.
81. Lei K.F., Lee K.-F., Yang S.-I. Fabrication of carbon nanotube-based pH sensor for paper-based microfluidics. Microelectron. Eng. 2012, 100(0):1-5.
82. Lewis G.G., DiTucci M.J., Baker M.S., Phillips S.T. High throughput method for prototyping three-dimensional, paper-based microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2012, 12(15):2630-2633.
83. Li H., Fu S., Peng L., Zhan H. Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength. Cellulose 2012, 19(2):533-546.
84. Li M., Wang Y., Zhang Y., Yu J., Ge S., Yan M. Graphene functionalized porous Au-paper based electrochemiluminescence device for detection of DNA using luminescent silver nanoparticles coated calcium carbonate/carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid microspheres as labels. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 59(0):307-313.
85. Li W., Li L., Ge S., Song X., Ge L., Yan M., Yu J. Multiplex electrochemical origami immunodevice based on cuboid silver-paper electrode and metal ions tagged nanoporous silver-chitosan. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 56(0):167-173.
86. Li X., Liu X. Fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels in a single layer of cellulose paper. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2014, 16(5):819-827.
87. Li X., Tian J., Nguyen T., Shen W. Paper-based microfluidic devices by plasma treatment. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80(23):9131-9134.
88. Li X., Zwanenburg P., Liu X. Magnetic timing valves for fluid control in paper-based microfluidics. Lab Chip 2013, 13(13):2609-2614.
89. Lisak G., Cui J., Bobacka J. Paper-based microfluidic sampling for potentiometric determination of ions. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. Part B 2015, 207(0):933-939.
90. Liu F., Zhang C. A novel paper-based microfluidic enhanced chemiluminescence biosensor for facile, reliable and highly-sensitive gene detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 2015, 209(0):399-406.
91. Liu H., Crooks R.M. Three-dimensional paper microfluidic devices assembled using the principles of origami. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133(44):17564-17566.
92. Liu H., Xiang Y., Lu Y., Crooks R.M. Aptamer-based origami paper analytical device for electrochemical detection of adenosine. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51(28):6925-6928.
93. Liu W., Yang H., Ding Y., Ge S., Yu J., Yan M., Song X. Paper-based colorimetric immunosensor for visual detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on the high peroxidase-like catalytic performance of ZnFe2O4-multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Analyst 2014, 139(1):251-258.
94. Lu W., Qin X., Liu S., Chang G., Zhang Y., Luo Y., Asiri A.M., Al-Youbi A.O., Sun X. Economical, green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their use as probes for sensitive and selective detection of mercury(ii) ions. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84(12):5351-5357.
95. Lu Y., Shi W., Jiang L., Qin J., Lin B. Rapid prototyping of paper-based microfluidics with wax for low-cost, portable bioassay. Electrophoresis 2009, 30(9):1497-1500.
96. Luckham R.E., Brennan J.D. Bioactive paper dipstick sensors for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on sol-gel/enzyme/gold nanoparticle composites. Analyst 2010, 135(8):2028-2035.
97. Lutz B., Liang T., Fu E., Ramachandran S., Kauffman P., Yager P. Dissolvable fluidic time delays for programming multi-step assays in instrument-free paper diagnostics. Lab Chip 2013, 13(14):2840-2847.
98. Lutz B.R., Trinh P., Ball C., Fu E., Yager P. Two-dimensional paper networks: programmable fluidic disconnects for multi-step processes in shaped paper. Lab Chip 2011, 11(24):4274-4278.
99. Ma C., Li W., Kong Q., Yang H., Bian Z., Song X., Yu J., Yan M. 3D origami electrochemical immunodevice for sensitive point-of-care testing based on dual-signal amplification strategy. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 63(0):7-13.
100. Määttänen A., Vanamo U., Ihalainen P., Pulkkinen P., Tenhu H., Bobacka J., Peltonen J. A low-cost paper-based inkjet-printed platform for electrochemical analyses. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 2013, 177(0):153-162.
101. Martinez A.W., Phillips S.T., Nie Z., Cheng C.-M., Carrilho E., Wiley B.J., Whitesides G.M. Programmable diagnostic devices made from paper and tape. Lab Chip 2010, 10(19):2499-2504.
102. Martinez A.W., Phillips S.T., Whitesides G.M. Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105(50):19606-19611.
103. Martinez A.W., Phillips S.T., Wiley B.J., Gupta M., Whitesides G.M. FLASH: a rapid method for prototyping paper-based microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2008, 8(12):2146-2150.
104. Masoodi R., Pillai K.M. Wicking in porous materials: traditional and modern modeling approaches 2012, CRC Press.
105. Moghadam B.Y., Connelly K.T., Posner J.D. Isotachophoretic preconcenetration on paper-based microfluidic devices. Anal Chem. 2014, 86(12):5829-5837.
106. Mosadegh B., Lockett M.R., Minn K.T., Simon K.A., Gilbert K., Hillier S., Newsome D., Li H., Hall A.B., Boucher D.M., Eustace B.K., Whitesides G.M. A paper-based invasion assay: assessing chemotaxis of cancer cells in gradients of oxygen. Biomaterials 2015, 52(0):262-271.
107. Müller R.H., Clegg D.L. Automatic paper chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1949, 21(9):1123-1125.
108. Ngo Y.H., Li D., Simon G.P., Garnier G. Gold nanoparticle-paper as a three-dimensional surface enhanced raman scattering substrate. Langmuir 2012, 28(23):8782-8790.
109. Nguyen T.H., Fraiwan A., Choi S. Paper-based batteries: a review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 54(0):640-649.
110. Nie Z., Nijhuis C.A., Gong J., Chen X., Kumachev A., Martinez A.W., Narovlyansky M., Whitesides G.M. Electrochemical sensing in paper-based microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2010, 10(4):477-483.
111. Niedl R.R., Beta C. Hydrogel-driven paper-based microfluidics. Lab Chip 2015, 15(11):2452-2459.
112. Noh H., Phillips S.T. Metering the capillary-driven flow of fluids in paper-based microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(10):4181-4187.
113. Oliver G. On bedside urinary tests: detection of sugar in the urine by means of test papers. Lancet 1883, 121(3116):858.
114. Osborn J.L., Lutz B., Fu E., Kauffman P., Stevens D.Y., Yager P. Microfluidics without pumps: reinventing the T-sensor and H-filter in paper networks. Lab Chip 2010, 10(20):2659-2665.
115. Parolo C., Merkoci A. Paper-based nanobiosensors for diagnostics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42(2):450-457.
116. Polavarapu L., Porta A.L., Novikov S.M., Coronado-Puchau M., Liz-Marzán L.M. Pen-on-paper approach toward the design of universal surface enhanced raman scattering substrates. Small 2014, 10(15):3065-3071.
117. Rattanarat P., Dungchai W., Cate D., Volckens J., Chailapakul O., Henry C.S. Multilayer paper-based device for colorimetric and electrochemical quantification of metals. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86(7):3555-3562.
118. Renault C., Anderson M.J., Crooks R.M. Electrochemistry in hollow-channel paper analytical devices. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136(12):4616-4623.
119. Santhiago M., Henry C.S., Kubota L.T. Low cost, simple three dimensional electrochemical paper-based analytical device for determination of p-nitrophenol. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 130(0):771-777.
120. Schiff H. Eine neue Reihe organischer Diamine. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1866, 140(1):92-137.
121. Schuchard D., Berg J. Liquid transport in composite cellulose-superabsorbent fiber networks. Wood Fiber Sci. 1991, 23(3):342-357.
122. Scida K., Li B., Ellington A.D., Crooks R.M. DNA detection using origami paper analytical devices. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85(20):9713-9720.
123. Shiroma L.Y., Santhiago M., Gobbi A.L., Kubota L.T. Separation and electrochemical detection of paracetamol and 4-aminophenol in a paper-based microfluidic device. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 725(0):44-50.
124. Songjaroen T., Dungchai W., Chailapakul O., Henry C.S., Laiwattanapaisal W. Blood separation on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Lab Chip 2012, 12(18):3392-3398.
125. Songjaroen T., Dungchai W., Chailapakul O., Laiwattanapaisal W. Novel, simple and low-cost alternative method for fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by wax dipping. Talanta 2011, 85(5):2587-2593.
126. Sun J., Xianyu Y., Jiang X. Point-of-care biochemical assays using gold nanoparticle-implemented microfluidics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43:6239-6253.
127. Szekely J., Neumann A.W., Chuang Y.K. The rate of capillary penetration and the applicability of the washburn equation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1971, 35(2):273-278.
128. Thom N.K., Lewis G.G., Yeung K., Phillips S.T. Quantitative fluorescence assays using a self-powered paper-based microfluidic device and a camera-equipped cellular phone. RSC Adv. 2014, 4(3):1334-1340.
129. Tian L., Morrissey J.J., Kattumenu R., Gandra N., Kharasch E.D., Singamaneni S. Bioplasmonic Paper as a Platform for Detection of Kidney Cancer Biomarkers. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84(22):9928-9934.
130. Toley B.J., Wang J.A., Gupta M., Buser J.R., Lafleur L.K., Lutz B.R., Fu E., Yager P. A versatile valving toolkit for automating fluidic operations in paper microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2015, 15(6):1432-1444.
131. Tyagi C., Tomar L.K., Singh H. Surface modification of cellulose filter paper by glycidyl methacrylate grafting for biomolecule immobilization: Influence of grafting parameters and urease immobilization. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 111(3):1381-1390.
132. Voskuhl J., Brinkmann J., Jonkheijm P. Advances in contact printing technologies of carbohydrate, peptide and protein arrays. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2014, 18(0):1-7.
133. Walsh D.I., Lalli M.L., Kassas J.M., Asthagiri A.R., Murthy S.K. Cell chemotaxis on paper for diagnostics. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87(11):5505-5510.
134. Wang J., Bowie D., Zhang X., Filipe C., Pelton R., Brennan J.D. Morphology and entrapped enzyme performance in inkjet-printed sol-gel coatings on paper. Chem. Mater. 2014, 26(5):1941-1947.
135. Wang J., Monton M.R.N., Zhang X., Filipe C.D.M., Pelton R., Brennan J.D. Hydrophobic sol-gel channel patterning strategies for paper-based microfluidics. Lab Chip 2014, 14(4):691-695.
136. Wang J., Yang L., Liu B., Jiang H., Liu R., Yang J., Han G., Mei Q., Zhang Z. Inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle paper detects airborne species from crystalline explosives and their ultratrace residues in open environment. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86(7):3338-3345.
137. Wang S., Ge L., Song X., Yu J., Ge S., Huang J., Zeng F. Paper-based chemiluminescence ELISA: Lab-on-paper based on chitosan modified paper device and wax-screen-printing. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 31(1):212-218.
138. Wang W., Wu W.-Y., Zhu J.-J. Tree-shaped paper strip for semiquantitative colorimetric detection of protein with self-calibration. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217(24):3896-3899.
139. Wang Y., Liu H., Wang P., Yu J., Ge S., Yan M. Chemiluminescence excited photoelectrochemical competitive immunosensing lab-on-paper device using an integrated paper supercapacitor for signal amplication. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 2015, 208(0):546-553.
140. Washburn E.W. The dynamics of capillary flow. Phys. Rev. 1921, 17:273-283.
141. Wei X., Tian T., Jia S., Zhu Z., Ma Y., Sun J., Lin Z., Yang C.J. Target-responsive dna hydrogel mediated "stop-flow" microfluidic paper-based analytic device for rapid, portable and visual detection of multiple targets. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87(8):4275-4282.
142. Whitesides G.M. The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature 2006, 442(7101):368-373.
143. Wu L., Ma C., Zheng X., Liu H., Yu J. Paper-based electrochemiluminescence origami device for protein detection using assembled cascade DNA-carbon dots nanotags based on rolling circle amplification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 68(0):413-420.
144. Wu Y., Xue P., Hui K.M., Kang Y. A paper-based microfluidic electrochemical immunodevice integrated with amplification-by-polymerization for the ultrasensitive multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 52(0):180-187.
145. Xiang X., Zhang Z., Shi J., Huang F. Paper-based analytical device with colorimetric assay application to the determination of phenolic acids and recognition of Fe3+. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(4):2615-2619.
146. Xing Q., Eadula S.R., Lvov Y.M. Cellulose fiber-enzyme composites fabricated through layer-by-layer nanoassembly. Biomacromolecules 2007, 8(6):1987-1991.
147. Xiong M.-H., Li Y.-J., Bao Y., Yang X.-Z., Hu B., Wang J. Bacteria-responsive multifunctional nanogel for targeted antibiotic delivery. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24(46):6175-6180.
148. Xu T., Jin J., Gregory C., Hickman J.J., Boland T. Inkjet printing of viable mammalian cells. Biomaterials 2005, 26(1):93-99.
149. Xu Y., Enomae T. Paper substrate modification for rapid capillary flow in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. RSC Adv. 2014, 4(25):12867-12872.
150. Yafia M., Shukla S., Najjaran H. Fabrication of digital microfluidic devices on flexible paper-based and rigid substrates via screen printing. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2015, 25(5):057001.
151. Yager P., Edwards T., Fu E., Helton K., Nelson K., Tam M.R., Weigl B.H. Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health. Nature 2006, 442(7101):412-418.
152. Yagoda H. Applications of confined spot tests in. analytical chemistrv. Anal. Chem. 1937, 9(2).
153. Yang X., Forouzan O., Brown T.P., Shevkoplyas S.S. Integrated separation of blood plasma from whole blood for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Lab Chip 2012, 12(2):274-280.
154. Yetisen A.K., Akram M.S., Lowe C.R. Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 2013, 13(12):2210-2251.
155. Yi X., Kodzius R., Gong X., Xiao K., Wen W. A simple method of fabricating mask-free microfluidic devices for biological analysis. Biomicrofluidics 2010, 4(3).
156. Yoon B., Ham D.-Y., Yarimaga O., An H., Lee C.W., Kim J.-M. Inkjet printing of conjugated polymer precursors on paper substrates for colorimetric sensing and flexible electrothermochromic display. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23(46):5492-5497.
157. Yu J., Wang S., Ge L., Ge S. A novel chemiluminescence paper microfluidic biosensor based on enzymatic reaction for uric acid determination. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26(7):3284-3289.
158. Yu W.W., White I.M. Inkjet printed surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy array on cellulose paper. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82(23):9626-9630.
159. Yu W.W., White I.M. Inkjet-printed paper-based SERS dipsticks and swabs for trace chemical detection. Analyst 2013, 138(4):1020-1025.
160. Zhang L., Wang Y., Ma C., Wang P., Yan M. Self-powered sensor for Hg2+ detection based on hollow-channel paper analytical devices. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(31):24479-24485.
161. Zhang Y., Zuo P., Ye B.-C. A low-cost and simple paper-based microfluidic device for simultaneous multiplex determination of different types of chemical contaminants in food. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 68(0):14-19.