Trans is not a disorder - but should still receive funding

Sexual and Relationship Therapy

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 309-313

  Richards, Christina ^a,b   Arcelus, Jon ^a   Barrett, James ^b   Bouman, Walter Pierre ^a   Lenihan, Penny ^b   Lorimer, Stuart ^b   Murjan, Sarah ^a   Seal, Leighton ^b  

^a Nottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria   (United Kingdom)

^b WEST LONDON MENTAL HEALTH NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84943525895     PISSN: 14681994     EISSN: 14681749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2015.1054110     Document Type: Editorial

References (36)

1. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition (DSM-III). Washington DC: Author.
2. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013a). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington VA: Author.
3. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013b). Gender dysphoria fact sheet. Retrieved June 9, 2013, from http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Gender%20Dysphoria%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
4. Barrett, J. (Ed.) (2007). Transsexual and other disorders of gender identity. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing.
5. Bouman, W.P., Bauer, G.R., Richards, C., & Coleman, E. (2010). World Professional Association for Transgender Health consensus statement on considerations of the role of distress (Criterion D) in the DSM diagnosis of gender identity disorder. International Journal of Transgenderism, 12(2), 100-106.
6. Bullough, V., & Bullough, B. (1977). Sin, sickness, and sanity: A history of sexual attitudes. New York, NY: New American Library.
7. Claes, L., Bouman, W.P., Witcomb, G., Thurston, M., Fernandez-Aranda, F., & Arcelus, J. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury in trans people: Associations with psychological symptoms, victimization, interpersonal functioning and perceived social support. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(1), 168-179.
8. Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., Guzman, R., & Katz, M. (2001). HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: Implications for public health intervention. American journal of public health, 91(6), 915-921.
9. Cole, C.M., O’Boyle, M., Emory, L.E., & Meyer, W.J., III (1997). Comorbidity of gender dysphoria and other major psychiatric diagnoses. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26(1), 13-26.
10. Colizzi, M., Costa, R., & Todarello, O. (2014). Transsexual patients’ psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health: Results from a longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39(1), 65-73.
11. Couch, M., Pitts, M., Mulcare, H., Croy, S., Mitchell, A., & Patel, S. (2007). TranZnation: A report on the health and wellbeing of transgender people in Australia and New Zealand. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society.
12. Davey, A., Arcelus, J., Meyer, C., & Bouman, W.P. (in press). Self injury among trans individuals in transition and matched controls: Prevalence and associated factors. Health and Social Care in the Community.
13. Division of Clinical Psychology (DCP). (2013). Classification of behaviour and experience in relation to functional psychiatric diagnoses: Time for a paradigm shift. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
14. Drescher, J., Cohen-Kettenis, P., & Winter, S. (2012). Minding the body: Situating gender identity diagnoses in the ICD-11. International Review of Psychiatry, 24(6), 568-577.
15. Ellis, H. (1919). Studies in the psychology of sex: Modesty, sexual periodicity, auto-eroticism (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A Davis Co.
16. Haraldsen, I.R., & Dahl, A.A. (2000). Symptom profiles of gender dysphoric patients of transsexual type compared to patients with personality disorders and healthy adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102(4), 276-281.
17. Hepp, U., Kraemer, B., Schnyder, U., Miller, N., & Delsignore, A. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 259-261.
18. Herdt, G. (1996). Third sex third gender. New York, NY: Zone books.
19. Hill, D.B., Rozanski, C., Carfagnini, J., & Willoughby, B. (2005). Gender identity disorders in childhood and adolescence: A critical inquiry. In D. Karasic & J. Drescher (Eds.), Sexual and gender diagnoses of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) (pp. 7-34). New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
20. Hirschfeld, M. (1938). Sexual anomalies and perversions. London: Encyclopaedic Press.
21. Hoshiai, M., Matsumoto, Y., Sato, T., Ohnishi, M., Okabe, N., Kishimoto, Y.,…Kuroda, S. (2010). Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64, 514-519.
22. Karasic, D., & Drescher, J. (Eds.). (2005). Sexual and gender diagnoses of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM). New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
23. Kersting, A., Reutemann, M., Gast, U., Ohrmann, P., Suslow, T., Michael, N., & Arolt V. (2003). Dissociative disorders and traumatic childhood experiences in transsexuals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191 (3), 182-189.
24. Kruijver, F.P.M. (2004). Sex in the brain. Amsterdam: Netherlands Institute of Brain Research.
25. Marshall, M.P., Friedman, M.S., Stall, R., Kling, K.M., Milles, J., Gold, M.A., & Morse, J.Q. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: A meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction, 103, 546-556.
26. Meyer, I.H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38-56.
27. Meyer, I.H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674-697.
28. Meyerowitz, J. (2002). How sex changed: A history of transsexuality in the United States. London: Harvard University Press.
29. Minton, H.L. (2002). Departing from deviance: A history of homosexual rights and emancipatory science in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
30. Morgan, D. & Ruszczynski, S. (2007). Lectures on Violence, Perversion and Delinquency: the Portman Papers. London: Karnac.
31. Nuttbrock, L., Hwahng, S., Bockting, W., Rosenblum, A., Mason, M., Macri, M., & Becker, J. (2010). Psychiatric impact of gender-related abuse across the life course of male-to-female transgender persons. Journal of Sex Research, 47(1), 12-23.
32. Operario, D., & Nemoto, T. (2005). Sexual risk behavior and substance use among a sample of Asian Pacific Islander transgendered women. AIDS Education and Prevention, 17(5), 430-443.
33. Scott, S. (2002). Classification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: Building castles in the sand? Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8, 205-213.
34. Simon, L., Zsolt, U., Fogd, D., & Czobor, P. (2011). Dysfunctional core beliefs, perceived parenting behavior and psychopathology in gender identity disorder: A comparison of male-to-female, female-to-male transsexual and nontranssexual control subjects. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 38-45.
35. von Krafft-Ebing, R. (1886). Psychopathia sexualis: Eine klinisch-forensische studie [Sexual psychopathy: A clinical-forensic study]. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
36. World Health Organisation. (1978). International classification of diseases (ICD-9). Geneva: Author.