Transsexual patients' psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health: Results from a longitudinal study

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 65-73

  Colizzi, Marco ^a   Costa, Rosalia ^a   Todarello, Orlando ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Depression; Functional impairment; Hormonal sex reassignment therapy; Mental Health; Psychiatric comorbidity; Subthreshold psychiatric symptoms; Transsexualism

Indexed keywords

CYPROTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE; ANDROGEN; TESTOSTERONE ESTER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DSM-IV-TR; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; FEMALE TO MALE TRANSSEXUAL; FUNCTIONAL DISEASE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALE TO FEMALE TRANSSEXUAL; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; PARANOIA; PHOBIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SELF-RATING ANXIETY SCALE; SOCIAL STRESS; STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR DSM DISORDERS; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; TRANSSEXUALISM; ZUNG SELF RATING DEPRESSION SCALE; ANXIETY ASSESSMENT; ANXIETY DISORDER; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEMALE TO MALE TRANSGENDER; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GENDER IDENTITY; HORMONAL THERAPY; MALE TO FEMALE TRANSGENDER; SOCIAL STATUS; SYMPTOM CHECKLIST 90; ZUNG SELF RATING ANXIETY SCALE;

ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT; HORMONAL SEX-REASSIGNMENT THERAPY; MENTAL HEALTH; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; SUBTHRESHOLD PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS; TRANSSEXUALISM;

ADULT; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SELF REPORT; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSSEXUALISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84888030577     PISSN: 03064530     EISSN: 18733360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.029     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. A Campo J., Nijman H., Merckelbach H., Evers C. Psychiatric comorbidity of gender identity disorders: a survey among Dutch psychiatrists. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003, 160:1332-1336.
2. American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
3. Asscheman H., Gooren L.J., Eklund P.L. Mortality and morbidity in transsexual patients with cross-gender hormone treatment. Metabolism 1989, 38(9):869-873.
4. Bonierbale M., Lemaire A., Parola N., Dubreu V., Alexandre B., Michel A., Clement A., Lançon C. Quality of life among transsexual patients after surgery for sex reassignment. J. Sex. Med. 2004, 1(s1):61.
5. Christodoulou G.N., Kontaxakis V.P. Topics in Preventive Psychiatry 1994, Karger, Basel.
6. Coleman E., Bockting W., Botzer M., Cohen-Kettenis P., DeCuypere G., Feldman J., Fraser L., Green J., Knudson G., Meyer W.J., Monstrey S., Adler R.K., Brown G.R., Devor A.H., Ehrbar R., Ettner R., Eyler E., Garofalo R., Karasic D.H., Lev A.I., Mayer G., Meyer-Bahlburg H., Hall B.P., Pfaefflin F., Rachlin K., Robinson B., Schechter L.S., Tangpricha W., van Trotsenburg M., Vitale A., Winter S., Whittle S., Wylie K.R., Zucker K. Standards of care (SOC) for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming people, 7th version. Int. J. Transgenderism 2012, 13(4):165-232.
7. Colizzi M., Costa R., Pace V., Todarello O. Hormonal treatment reduces psychobiological distress in Gender Identity Disorder, independently of the attachment style. J. Sex. Med. 2013, 10.1111/jsm.12155.
8. Derogatis L.R. Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual 1994, National Computer Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN. 3rd ed.
9. Derogatis L.R., Savitz K.L. The SCL-90-R, brief symptom inventory and matching clinical rating scales. The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment 1999, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ. M.E. Maruish (Ed.).
10. Fisher A.D., Bandini E., Casale H., Ferruccio N., Meriggiola M.C., Gualerzi A., Manieri C., Jannini E., Mannucci E., Monami M., Stomaci N., Delle Rose A., Susini T., Ricca V., Maggi M. Sociodemographic and clinical features of gender identity disorder: an Italian multicentric evaluation. J. Sex. Med. 2013, 10(2):408-419.
11. Gómez-Gil E., Trilla A., Salamero M., Godás T., Valdés M. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics of transsexuals from Spain. Arch. Sex. Behav. 2009, 38(3):378-392.
12. Gómez-Gil E., Zubiaurre-Elorza L., Esteva I., Guillamon A., Godás T., Cruz Almaraz M., Halperin I., Salamero M. Hormone-treated transsexuals report less social distress, anxiety and depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012, 37(5):662-670.
13. Gorin-Lazard A., Baumstarck K., Boyer L., Maquigneau A., Gebleux S., Penochet J.C., Pringuey D., Albarel F., Morange I., Loundou A., Berbis J., Auquier P., Lançon C., Bonierbale M. Is hormonal therapy associated with better quality of life in transsexuals? A cross-sectional study. J. Sex. Med. 2012, 9(2):531-541.
14. Hedlund J.L., Vieweg B.W. The Zung self-rating depression scale: a comprehensive review. J. Oper. Psychiatr. 1979, 10(1):51-64.
15. Helmchen H., Linden M. Subthreshold disorders in psychiatry: clinical reality, methodological artifact and double-threshold problem. Compr. Psychiatry 2000, 41(Suppl. 1):1-7.
16. Hembree W.C., Cohen-Kettenis P., Delemarre-van de Waal H.A., Gooren L.J., Meyer W.J., Spack N.P., Tangpricha V., Montori V.M. Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009, 94:3132-3154.
17. Hepp U., Kraemer B., Schnyder U., Miller N., Delsignore A. Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. J. Psychosom. Res. 2005, 58:259-261.
18. Heylens G., Elaut E., Kreukels B.P.C., Paap M.C.S., Cerwenka S., Richter-Appelt H., Cohen-Kettenis P.T., Haraldsen I.R., De Cuypere G. Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals: multicentre study in four European countries. Br. J. Psychiatry 2013, 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.121954.
19. Hoshiai M., Matsumoto Y., Sato T., Ohnishi M., Okabe N., Kishimoto Y., Terada S., Kuroda S. Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2010, 64:514-519.
20. Jegede R.O. Psychometric attributes of the self-rating depression scale. J. Psychol. 1976, 93:27-30.
21. Jegede R.O. Psychometric attributes of the self-rating anxiety scale. Psychol. Rep. 1977, 40:303-306.
22. Johnson J., Weissman M.M., Klerman G.L. Service utilization and social morbidity associated with depressive symptoms in the community. JAMA 1992, 267:1478-1483.
23. Judd L.L., Rapaport M.H., Paulus M.P., Brown J.L. Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: a new mood disorder?. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1994, 55(Suppl.):18-28.
24. Karsten J., Penninx B.W.J.H., Nolen W.A., Hartman C.A. Subthreshold anxiety better defined by symptom self-report than by diagnostic interview. J. Affect. Disord. 2011, 129:236-243.
25. King J.A., Rosal M.C., Ma Y., Reed G.W. Association of stress, hostility and plasma testosterone levels. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. 2005, 26(4):355-360.
26. Klein C., Gorzalka B.B. Sexual functioning in transsexuals following hormone therapy and genital surgery: a review. J. Sex. Med. 2009, 6:2922-2939.
27. Kuiper B., Cohen-Kettenis P. Sex reassignment surgery: a study of 141 Dutch transsexuals. Arch. Sex. Behav. 1988, 17:439-457.
28. Lambert M.J., Hatch D.R., Kingston M.D., Edwards B.C. Zung Beck, and Hamilton Rating Scales as measures of treatment outcome: a meta-analytic comparison. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1986, 54(1):54-59.
29. Leavitt F., Berger J.C., Hoeppner J.A., Northrop G. Presurgical adjustment in male transsexuals with and without hormonal treatment. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1980, 168:693-697.
30. Matsumoto Y., Sato T., Ohnishi M., Kishimoto Y., Terada S., Kuroda S. Stress coping strategies of patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2009, 63:715-720.
31. Miles C., Green R., Hines M. Estrogen treatment effects on cognition, memory and mood in male-to-female transsexuals. Horm. Behav. 2006, 50:708-717.
32. Motmans J., Meier P., Ponnet K., T'Sjoen G. Female and male transgender quality of life: socioeconomic and medical differences. J. Sex. Med. 2012, 9(3):743-750.
33. Murad M.H., Elamin M.B., Garcia M.Z., Mullan R.J., Murad A., Erwin P.J., Montori V.M. Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 2011, 72:214-231.
34. Naidoo J., Wills J. Health Promotion: Foundations for Practice 2000, Bailliere Tindall, London.
35. Newfield E., Hart S., Dibble S., Kohler L. Female-to-male transgender quality of life. Qual. Life Res. 2006, 15:1447-1457.
36. Prince M., Glozier N., Sousa R., Dewey M. Measuring disability across physical, mental and cognitive disorders. The Conceptual Evolution of DSM-5 2011, 189-227. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC. D.A. Regier, W.E. Narrow, E.A. Kuhl, D.J. Kupfer (Eds.).
37. Prunas A., Sarno I., Preti E., Madeddu F., Perugini M. Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R: a study on a large community sample. Eur. Psychiatry 2012, 27(8):591-597.
38. Schotte C.K., Maes M., Cluydts R., Cosyns P. Effects of affective-semantic mode of item presentation in balanced self-report scales: biased construct validity of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Psychol. Med. 1996, 26(6):1161-1168.
39. Slabbekoorn D., van Goozen S.H., Megens J., Gooren L.J., Cohen-Kettenis P.T. Activating effects of cross-sex hormones on cognitive functioning: a study of short-term and long-term hormone effects in transsexuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1999, 24:423-447.
40. Su T.P., Pagliaro M., Schmidt P.J., Pickar D., Wolkowitz O., Rubinow D.R. Neuropsychiatric effects of anabolic steroids in male normal volunteers. JAMA 1993, 269:2760-2764.
41. Toner J., Gurland B., Teresi J. Comparison of self-administered and rater-administered methods of assessing levels of severity of depression in elderly patients. J. Gerontol. 1988, 43(5):136-140.
42. Weyers S., Elaut E., De Sutter P., Gerris J., T'Sjoen G., Heylens G., De Cuypere G., Verstraelen H. Long-term assessment of the physical, mental, and sexual health among transsexual women. J. Sex. Med. 2009, 6:752-760.
43. World Health Organization (WHO) The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc. Sci. Med. 1995, 41:1403-1409.
44. World Health Organization (WHO) Promoting Mental Health, Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice, Summary Report. Geneva 2004.
45. Yesavage J.A., Brink T.L., Rose T.L., Lum O., Huang V., Adey M., Leirer V.O. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1983, 17(1):37-49.
46. Zung W.W.K. Factors influencing the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1967, 16:543-547.
47. Zung W.W.K. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics 1971, 12:371-379.
48. Zung W.W.K. The measurement of affects: depression and anxiety. Mod. Probl. Pharmacopsychiatry 1974, 7:170-188.
49. Zung W.W.K. How Normal is Anxiety? 1980, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI.
50. Zung W.W.K. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and depression status inventory. Assessment of Depression 1986, 221-231. Springer, Berlin. N. Sartorius, T. Ban (Eds.).
51. Zung W.W.K., Cavenar J.O. Assessment scales and techniques. Handbook on Stress and Anxiety 1980, 348-363. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. I.L. Kutash, L.B. Schlesinger (Eds.).