메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 535-547

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: A systematic review of european guidelines, recommendations, and position statements

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIRECT TO CONSUMER GENETIC TEST; EUROPE; FOLLOW UP; GENETIC SCREENING; GENOMICS; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; MULTIFACTORIAL GENETIC DISORDER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIVACY; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THEMATIC ANALYSIS; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; GENETIC COUNSELING; INTERNET; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PROCEDURES; SCREENING TEST; STANDARDS; TRENDS;

EID: 84943518399     PISSN: 19450265     EISSN: 19450257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0051     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 84943529066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Austrian Bioethics Commission. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • Austrian Bioethics Commission (2010) Genetic and Genome-Wide Testing on Internet. Available at: www.bka.gv.at/DocView.axd?CobId=40383, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) Genetic and Genome-Wide Testing on Internet.
  • 2
    • 84943579218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion no. 32 of 5 July 2004 on the free availability of genetic tests. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • Belgian Advisory Committee on Bioethics (2004) Opinion no. 32 of 5 July 2004 on the free availability of genetic tests. Available at: www.health.belgium.be/filestore/13084478/Opinion 32 web-0-13084478-, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2004) Belgian Advisory Committee on Bioethics.
  • 3
    • 36549010091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethical challenges of direct-To-consumer genetic testing
    • Berg C, Fryer-Edward K (2008) The ethical challenges of direct-To-consumer genetic testing. J Bus Ethics 77:17-31.
    • (2008) J Bus Ethics , vol.77 , pp. 17-31
    • Berg, C.1    Fryer-Edward, K.2
  • 4
    • 77957242301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer perceptions of direct-Toconsumer personalized genomic risk assessments
    • Bloss CS, et al. (2010) Consumer perceptions of direct-Toconsumer personalized genomic risk assessments. Genet Med 12:556-566.
    • (2010) Genet Med , vol.12 , pp. 556-566
    • Bloss, C.S.1
  • 5
    • 82455214184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer personalized genomic testing
    • Bloss CS, et al. (2011) Direct-To-consumer personalized genomic testing. Hum Mol Genet 15 20:R132-R141.
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.15 , Issue.20 , pp. R132-R141
    • Bloss, C.S.1
  • 6
    • 84871557028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized health care: The hope beyond the hype
    • Boccia S (2012) Personalized health care : the hope beyond the hype. IJPH 9:9-10.
    • (2012) IJPH , vol.9 , pp. 9-10
    • Boccia, S.1
  • 7
    • 84943519702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond public health genomics: Proposals from an international working group
    • Boccia S, et al. (2014) Beyond public health genomics: proposals from an international working group. Eur J Public Health 44: 1-2.
    • (2014) Eur J Public Health , vol.44 , pp. 1-2
    • Boccia, S.1
  • 8
    • 57749186873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer genome scanning services Also for children?
    • Borry P, et al. (2009) Direct-To-consumer genome scanning services. Also for children?. Nat Rev Genet 10:8.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Genet , vol.10 , pp. 8
    • Borry, P.1
  • 9
    • 77249134069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related direct-To-consumer genetic testing: A review of companies' policies with regard to genetic testing in minors
    • Borry P, et al. (2010) Health-related direct-To-consumer genetic testing: a review of companies' policies with regard to genetic testing in minors. Fam Cancer 9:51-59.
    • (2010) Fam Cancer , vol.9 , pp. 51-59
    • Borry, P.1
  • 10
    • 84863725841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislation on direct-To-consumer genetic testing in seven European countries
    • Borry P, et al. (2012) Legislation on direct-To-consumer genetic testing in seven European countries. Eur J Hum Genet 20: 715-721.
    • (2012) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.20 , pp. 715-721
    • Borry, P.1
  • 11
    • 78349293501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA to regulate direct-To-consumer genetic tests
    • Brower V (2010) FDA to regulate direct-To-consumer genetic tests. J Natl Cancer Inst 102:1610-1613.
    • (2010) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.102 , pp. 1610-1613
    • Brower, V.1
  • 12
    • 84855919506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer genetic testing: Perceptions, problems, and policy responses
    • Caulfield T, McGuire AL (2012) Direct-To-consumer genetic testing: perceptions, problems, and policy responses. Annu Rev Med 63:23-33.
    • (2012) Annu Rev Med , vol.63 , pp. 23-33
    • Caulfield, T.1    McGuire, A.L.2
  • 13
    • 16644367609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' knowledge of cystic fibrosis: Genetic determinism and implications for treatment
    • Chapman E, Bilton D (2004) Patients' knowledge of cystic fibrosis: genetic determinism and implications for treatment. J Genet Couns 13:369-385.
    • (2004) J Genet Couns , vol.13 , pp. 369-385
    • Chapman, E.1    Bilton, D.2
  • 14
  • 15
    • 84954327879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Academies Science Advisory Council. Available at, accessed April 26, 2015
    • European Academies Science Advisory Council (2012) Directto-consumer genetic testing for health-related purposes in the European Union. Available at: www.easac.eu/fileadmin/Reports/EASAC-Genetic-Testing-Web-complete.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2012) Directto-consumer Genetic Testing for Health-related Purposes in the European Union.
  • 16
    • 84943554032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Parliament Directorate General for Internal Policies. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies (2013) DTC GT; Science and Technology Options Assessment Annual Report 2012. Available at: www.europarl.europa.eu/ stoa/webdav/site/cms/shared/4-publications/annual-reports/STOA-Annual-Report-2012.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2013) DTC GT; Science and Technology Options Assessment Annual Report 2012
  • 17
    • 84946410322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Science Foundation. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • European Science Foundation (2011) European Biobanks and sample repositories-relevance to Personalised Medicine. Available at: www.esf.org/fileadmin/Public-documents/Publications/ personalised-medicine-01.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2011) European Biobanks and Sample Repositories-relevance to Personalised Medicine.
  • 19
    • 84943539252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Society of Human Genetics. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • European Society of Human Genetics (2014) List of National Human Genetic Societies. Available at: www.eshg.org/76.0.html, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2014) List of National Human Genetic Societies.
  • 20
    • 84877253933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We screen newborns, don't we? Realizing the promise of public health genomics
    • Evans JP, et al. (2013) We screen newborns, don't we?: realizing the promise of public health genomics. Genet Med 15:332-334.
    • (2013) Genet Med , vol.15 , pp. 332-334
    • Evans, J.P.1
  • 21
    • 84943523704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German National Academy Sciences. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • German National Academy Sciences (2010) Predictive Genetic Diagnostics as an Instrument. Available at: www.leopoldina.org/ uploads/tx-leopublication/201011-natEmpf-praedikative-EN-03.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) Predictive Genetic Diagnostics As An Instrument.
  • 22
    • 84943540874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German Reference Centre for Ethics in the Life Sciences. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • German Reference Centre for Ethics in the Life Sciences (2014) Bioethics Links. Available at: www.drze.de/bioethics-links, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2014) Bioethics Links.
  • 23
    • 79952766383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal genetics: Regulatory framework in Europe from a service provider's perspective
    • Grimaldi KA, et al. (2011) Personal genetics: regulatory framework in Europe from a service provider's perspective. Eur J Hum Genet 19:382-388.
    • (2011) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.19 , pp. 382-388
    • Grimaldi, K.A.1
  • 24
    • 84943558474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Council of Netherlands. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • Health Council of Netherlands (2007) Annual report on screening for disease-Medical self-Test kits. Available at: http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/200726E .pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2007) Annual Report on Screening for Disease-Medical Self-Test Kits.
  • 25
    • 84943520742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hellenic National Bioethics Commission. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • Hellenic National Bioethics Commission (2012) Opinion on Direct-To-consumer Genetic Testing. Available at: www.bioethics .gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/OPINIONS-REPORTS/Opinion-DTC-genetic-Tests-Final-EN.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2012) Opinion on Direct-To-consumer Genetic Testing.
  • 26
    • 38149036642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of perceived risks, psychological and behavioral impacts of genetic testing
    • Heshka JT, et al. (2008) A systematic review of perceived risks, psychological and behavioral impacts of genetic testing. Genet Med 10:19-32.
    • (2008) Genet Med , vol.10 , pp. 19-32
    • Heshka, J.T.1
  • 27
    • 52949089274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current landscape for direct-To-consumer genetic testing: Legal, ethical, and policy issues
    • Hogarth S, Javitt G, Melzer D (2008) The current landscape for direct-To-consumer genetic testing: legal, ethical, and policy issues. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 9:161-182.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet , vol.9 , pp. 161-182
    • Hogarth, S.1    Javitt, G.2    Melzer, D.3
  • 28
    • 50549098489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer genetic testing: More questions than benefits?
    • Howard HC, Borry P (2008) Direct-To-consumer genetic testing: more questions than benefits?. Per Med 5:317-320.
    • (2008) Per Med , vol.5 , pp. 317-320
    • Howard, H.C.1    Borry, P.2
  • 30
    • 85029937545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Genetics Commission. Available at, accessed April 26, 2015
    • Human Genetics Commission (2010) A Common Framework of Principles for genetic testing services. Available at: www .ukgtn.nhs.uk/fileadmin/uploads/ukgtn/Documents/Resources/Library/External-Documents/HGC-Principles-for-DTC-Genetic-Testing.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) A Common Framework of Principles for Genetic Testing Services.
  • 31
    • 84943525815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Federation of Human Genetics Societies. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • International Federation of Human Genetics Societies (2014) IFHGS All members. Available at: www.ifhgs.org/cgi-bin/ ifhgsdir.pl, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2014) IFHGS All Members.
  • 32
    • 41149120561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions
    • Janssens AC, et al. (2008) A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions. Am J Hum Genet 593-599.
    • (2008) Am J Hum Genet , pp. 593-599
    • Janssens, A.C.1
  • 33
    • 69549110333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care provider and consumer awareness perceptions, and use of direct-To-consumer personal genomic tests, United States, 2008
    • Kolor K, et al. (2009) Health care provider and consumer awareness, perceptions, and use of direct-To-consumer personal genomic tests, United States, 2008. Genet Med 11:595.
    • (2009) Genet Med , vol.11 , pp. 595
    • Kolor, K.1
  • 34
    • 80855131468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general public's understanding and perception of direct-To-consumer genetic test results
    • Leighton JW, Valverde K, Bernhardt BA (2012) The general public's understanding and perception of direct-To-consumer genetic test results. Public Health Genomics 15:11-21.
    • (2012) Public Health Genomics , vol.15 , pp. 11-21
    • Leighton, J.W.1    Valverde, K.2    Bernhardt, B.A.3
  • 35
    • 81755164733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer testing: More risks than opportunities
    • Lippi G, Favaloro EJ, Plebani M (2011) Direct-To-consumer testing: more risks than opportunities. Int J Clin Pract 65: 1221-1229.
    • (2011) Int J Clin Pract , vol.65 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Lippi, G.1    Favaloro, E.J.2    Plebani, M.3
  • 36
    • 0036008883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are biomarkers useful treatment AIDS for promoting health behavior change?. An empirical review
    • Mcclure JB (2002) Are biomarkers useful treatment aids for promoting health behavior change?. An empirical review. Am J Prev Med 22:200-207.
    • (2002) Am J Prev Med , vol.22 , pp. 200-207
    • Mcclure, J.B.1
  • 37
    • 70449719034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networkers' attitudes toward direct-To-consumer personal genome testing
    • Mcguire AL, et al. (2009) Social networkers' attitudes toward direct-To-consumer personal genome testing. Am J Bioeth 9:3-10.
    • (2009) Am J Bioeth , vol.9 , pp. 3-10
    • Mcguire, A.L.1
  • 38
    • 40949156220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic tests for common diseases: New insights, old concerns
    • Melzer D, et al. (2008) Genetic tests for common diseases : new insights, old concerns. BMJ 336:590-593.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 590-593
    • Melzer, D.1
  • 39
    • 68049122102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analyses: The prisma statement
    • Moher D, et al. (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine 6.
    • (2009) PLoS Medicine , vol.6
    • Moher, D.1
  • 40
    • 84943568741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion no 86 Problems connected to marketing self-Test kits for HIV screening and diagnosis of genetic disease. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences (2008) Opinion no 86 Problems connected to marketing self-Test kits for HIV screening and diagnosis of genetic disease. Available at: http://medcontent.metapress.com/ index/A65RM03P4874243N.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2008) National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences.
  • 42
    • 84941877290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Health and Medical Research Council Australia. Available at, Accessed April 26, 2015
    • National Health and Medical Research Council Australia (2012) Direct-To-Consumer DNA Genetic Testing. Available at: www .nhmrc.gov.au/-files-nhmrc/publications/attachments/ps0004-dna-direct-To-consumer.pdf, Accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2012) Direct-To-Consumer DNA Genetic Testing
  • 44
    • 84943541101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at, accessed April 26, 2015
    • Public Health Genomics European Network (2014) Available at: www.phgen.eu/typo3/index.php?id=47, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2014) Public Health Genomics European Network
  • 45
    • 79960947911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of the private genetic and pharmacogenomic testing environment in Greece
    • Sagia A, et al. (2011) Critical appraisal of the private genetic and pharmacogenomic testing environment in Greece. Per Med 8:413-420.
    • (2011) Per Med , vol.8 , pp. 413-420
    • Sagia, A.1
  • 46
    • 84872865182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of play in direct-To-consumer genetic testing for lifestyle-related diseases: Market, marketing content, user experiences and regulation
    • Saukko P (2013) State of play in direct-To-consumer genetic testing for lifestyle-related diseases: market, marketing content, user experiences and regulation. Proc Nutr Soc 72:53-60.
    • (2013) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.72 , pp. 53-60
    • Saukko, P.1
  • 47
    • 40949112321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivery of genomic medicine for common chronic adult diseases-A systematic review
    • Scheuner M, Sieverding P, Shekelle P (2008) Delivery of genomic medicine for common chronic adult diseases-A systematic review. JAMA 299:1320-1334.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.299 , pp. 1320-1334
    • Scheuner, M.1    Sieverding, P.2    Shekelle, P.3
  • 48
    • 79952774842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-Toconsumer genetic testing: Overview of applicable norms and policies
    • Senecal K, et al. (2009) Direct-Toconsumer genetic testing: overview of applicable norms and policies. GenEdit 7:1-14.
    • (2009) GenEdit , vol.7 , pp. 1-14
    • Senecal, K.1
  • 49
    • 0032821414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological impact of predicting individuals' risks of illness: A systematic review
    • Shaw C, Abrams K, Marteau TM (1999) Psychological impact of predicting individuals' risks of illness: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 49:1571-1598.
    • (1999) Soc Sci Med , vol.49 , pp. 1571-1598
    • Shaw, C.1    Abrams, K.2    Marteau, T.M.3
  • 50
    • 84871552489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical implications and legislative control of direct-To-consumer genetic testing in Europe
    • Shehata J, Kooijman E, Ianuale C (2012) Ethical implications and legislative control of direct-To-consumer genetic testing in Europe. IJPH 9:12-14.
    • (2012) IJPH , vol.9 , pp. 12-14
    • Shehata, J.1    Kooijman, E.2    Ianuale, C.3
  • 51
    • 84865099437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct to consumer genetic testing: A systematic review of position statements, policies and recommendations
    • Skirton H, et al. (2012) Direct to consumer genetic testing: a systematic review of position statements, policies and recommendations. Clin Genet 82:210-218.
    • (2012) Clin Genet , vol.82 , pp. 210-218
    • Skirton, H.1
  • 52
    • 77952527802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multigenic condition risk assessment in directto-consumer genomic services
    • Swan M (2010) Multigenic condition risk assessment in directto-consumer genomic services. Genet Med 12:279-288.
    • (2010) Genet Med , vol.12 , pp. 279-288
    • Swan, M.1
  • 53
    • 84943567223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swedish Council on Medical Ethics. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • Swedish Council on Medical Ethics (2010) Consultation concerning direct-To-consumer genetic testing services. Available at: www.smer.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Brev-Consultationconcerning-direct-To-consumer-genetic-Testing-services-responsefrom-The-Swedish-National-Council-on-Medical-Ethics.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) Consultation Concerning Direct-To-consumer Genetic Testing Services.
  • 55
    • 84943530319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Advisory Board on Social Welfare and Health Care Ethics. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • The National Advisory Board on Social Welfare and Health Care Ethics (2011) Ethical observation on offering commercial genetic tests to consumers. Available at: www.etene.fi/c/ document-library/get-file?folderId=245607&name=DLFE-3907.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2011) Ethical Observation on Offering Commercial Genetic Tests to Consumers.
  • 56
    • 84943564106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nordic Committee on Bioethics. Available at accessed April 26, 2015
    • The Nordic Committee on Bioethics (2010) Consumer Medicine-Direct-To-consumer genetic testing. Available at: http://ncbio.org/ nordisk/arkiv/tn2010530-web1.pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) Consumer Medicine-Direct-To-consumer Genetic Testing.
  • 57
    • 84943531140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nuffield Council on Bioethics Commission. Available at, accessed April 26, 2015
    • The Nuffield Council on Bioethics Commission (2010) Chapter 9-Personal genetic profiling for disease susceptibility. Available at: www.nuffieldbioethics.org/sites/default/files/files/Personalised healthcare-Chapter 9 Personal genetic profiling(1).pdf, accessed April 26, 2015.
    • (2010) Chapter 9-Personal Genetic Profiling for Disease Susceptibility.
  • 58
  • 60
    • 79952740767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic testing and common disorders in a public health framework-recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics
    • Van El CG, Cornel MC (2011) Genetic testing and common disorders in a public health framework-recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics. Eur J Hum Genet 19:377-381.
    • (2011) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.19 , pp. 377-381
    • Van El, C.G.1    Cornel, M.C.2
  • 61
    • 84925583982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-To-consumer genomics on the scales of autonomy
    • Vayena E (2014) Direct-To-consumer genomics on the scales of autonomy. J Med Ethics 41:310-314.
    • (2014) J Med Ethics , vol.41 , pp. 310-314
    • Vayena, E.1
  • 62
    • 84872062684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the efficiency and relevance of evidence-based recommendations in the era of wholegenome sequencing: An EGAPP methods update
    • Veenstra DL, et al. (2013) Improving the efficiency and relevance of evidence-based recommendations in the era of wholegenome sequencing: an EGAPP methods update. Genet Med 15:14-24.
    • (2013) Genet Med , vol.15 , pp. 14-24
    • Veenstra, D.L.1
  • 63
    • 33751017064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical and clinical practice considerations for genetic counselors related to direct-Toconsumer marketing of genetic tests
    • Wade CH, Wilfond BS (2006) Ethical and clinical practice considerations for genetic counselors related to direct-Toconsumer marketing of genetic tests Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 292:284-292.
    • (2006) Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet , vol.292 , pp. 284-292
    • Wade, C.H.1    Wilfond, B.S.2
  • 64
    • 77957225686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size of the direct-Toconsumer genomic testing market
    • Wright CF, Gregory-Jones S (2010) Size of the direct-Toconsumer genomic testing market. Genet Med 12:594.
    • (2010) Genet Med , vol.12 , pp. 594
    • Wright, C.F.1    Gregory-Jones, S.2
  • 65
    • 79954989981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating direct-Toconsumer genetic tests: What is all the fuss about?
    • Wright CF, Hall A, Zimmern RL (2011) Regulating direct-Toconsumer genetic tests: what is all the fuss about?. Genet Med 13:295-300.
    • (2011) Genet Med , vol.13 , pp. 295-300
    • Wright, C.F.1    Hall, A.2    Zimmern, R.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.