Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies

Seminars in Neurology

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 539-548

  Kung, Nathan H ^a   Van Stavern, Gregory P ^b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

diplopia; microvascular ischemia; ocular motility

Indexed keywords

ABDUCENS NERVE PARALYSIS; ANATOMY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIPLOPIA; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MICROVASCULAR ISCHEMIA; MUSCLE FUNCTION; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCULOMOTOR NERVE; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASE; OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TROCHLEAR NERVE PALSY; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; PARALYSIS; PATHOLOGY; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES;

ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; HUMANS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; PARALYSIS; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES;

EID: 84943228046     PISSN: 02718235     EISSN: 10989021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563568     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

1. Friedman D. I. Pearls: diplopia. Semin Neurol: 2010; 30 1 54 65
2. Danchaivijitr C., Kennard C. Diplopia and eye movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2004; 75 04 iv24 iv31
3. Pelak V. S. Evaluation of diplopia: an anatomic and systemic approach. Hosp Physician: 2004; 40 3 16 25
4. Brazis P. W., Lee A. G. Binocular vertical diplopia. Mayo Clin Proc: 1998; 73 1 55 66
5. Buracchio T., Rucker J. C. Pearls and oy-sters of localization in ophthalmoparesis. Neurology: 2007; 69 24 E35 E40
6. Dasgupta B., Borg F. A., Hassan N., et al. BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford): 2010; 49 8 1594 1597
7. Phelps P. O., Williams K. Thyroid eye disease for the primary care physician. Dis Mon: 2014; 60 6 292 298
8. Azarmina M., Azarmina H. The six syndromes of the sixth cranial nerve. J Ophthalmic Vis Res: 2013; 8 2 160 171
9. Donnino M. W., Vega J., Miller J., Walsh M. Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know. Ann Emerg Med: 2007; 50 6 715 721
10. Praveen-kumar S., Desai M. Ocular motor abnormalities in a patient with phenytoin toxicity-case report and minireview. Clin Neurol Neurosurg: 2014; 127 116 117
11. Wakerley B. R., Uncini A., Yuki N.; GBS Classification Group; GBS Classification Group. Guillain-Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes-new diagnostic classification. Nat Rev Neurol: 2014; 10 9 537 544
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botulism. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/botulism. Accessed March 15, 2015
13. Jordan J. T., Samuel G., Vernino S., Muppidi S. Slowly progressive ataxia, neuropathy, and oculomotor dysfunction. Arch Neurol: 2012; 69 10 1366 1371
14. Prasad S., Volpe N. J. Paralytic strabismus: third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy. Neurol Clin: 2010; 28 3 803 833
15. Adams M. E., Linn J., Yousry I. Pathology of the ocular motor nerves III, IV, and VI. Neuroimaging Clin N Am: 2008; 18 2 261 282, x-x
16. Bennett J. L., Pelak V. S. Palsies of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Ophthalmol Clin North Am: 2001; 14 1 169 185, ix
17. Brazis P. W., Masdeu J. C., Biller J. Localization in Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2011; 173 303
18. Evans R. W., Jacobson D. M. Transient anisocoria in a migraineur. Headache: 2003; 43 4 416 418
19. Rucker C. W. Paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol: 1958; 46 6 787 794
20. Rucker C. W. The causes of paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol: 1966; 61 (5 Pt 2): 1293 1298
21. Rush J. A., Younge B. R. Paralysis of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Cause and prognosis in 1,000 cases. Arch Ophthalmol: 1981; 99 1 76 79
22. Richards B. W., Jones F. R. Jr, Younge B. R. Causes and prognosis in 4,278 cases of paralysis of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol: 1992; 113 5 489 496
23. Bruce B. B., Biousse V., Newman N. J. Third nerve palsies. Semin Neurol: 2007; 27 3 257 268
24. Chou K. L., Galetta S. L., Liu G. T., et al. Acute ocular motor mononeuropathies: prospective study of the roles of neuroimaging and clinical assessment. J Neurol Sci: 2004; 219 1-2 35 39
25. Murchison A. P., Gilbert M. E., Savino P. J. Neuroimaging and acute ocular motor mononeuropathies: a prospective study. Arch Ophthalmol: 2011; 129 3 301 305
26. Tamhankar M. A., Biousse V., Ying G. S., et al. Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study. Ophthalmology: 2013; 120 11 2264 2269
27. Keane J. R. Third nerve palsy: analysis of 1400 personally-examined inpatients. Can J Neurol Sci: 2010; 37 5 662 670
28. Jacobson D. M. Pupil involvement in patients with diabetes-associated oculomotor nerve palsy. Arch Ophthalmol: 1998; 116 6 723 727
29. Brazis P. W. Isolated palsies of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Semin Neurol: 2009; 29 1 14 28
30. Jacobson D. M., Trobe J. D. The emerging role of magnetic resonance angiography in the management of patients with third cranial nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol: 1999; 128 1 94 96
31. Parks M. M. Isolated cyclovertical muscle palsy. AMA Arch Opthalmol: 1958; 60 6 1027 1035
32. Zarwell T. M., Chou B. Parks three step. In: Eye Dock - A clinical reference for eye care professionals. Available at: http://www.eyedock.com/index.php?option=com-jumi&fileid=5&Itemid=85. Accessed March 20, 2015
33. Keane J. R. Fourth nerve palsy: historical review and study of 215 inpatients. Neurology: 1993; 43 12 2439 2443
34. Bendszus M., Beck A., Koltzenburg M., et al. MRI in isolated sixth nerve palsies. Neuroradiology: 2001; 43 9 742 745
35. Volpe N. J., Lee A. G. Do patients with neurologically isolated ocular motor cranial nerve palsies require prompt neuroimaging? J Neuroophthalmol: 2014; 34 3 301 305
36. McClelland C., Van Stavern G. P., Shepherd J. B., Gordon M., Huecker J. Neuroimaging in patients referred to a neuro-ophthalmology service: the rates of appropriateness and concordance in interpretation. Ophthalmology: 2012; 119 8 1701 1704
37. Elmalem V. I., Hudgins P. A., Bruce B. B., Newman N. J., Biousse V. Underdiagnosis of posterior communicating artery aneurysm in noninvasive brain vascular studies. J Neuroophthalmol: 2011; 31 2 103 109
38. Volpe N. J., Lessell S. Remitting sixth nerve palsy in skull base tumors. Arch Ophthalmol: 1993; 111 10 1391 1395
39. Blitz A. M., Macedo L. L., Chonka Z. D., et al. High-resolution CISS MR imaging with and without contrast for evaluation of the upper cranial nerves: segmental anatomy and selected pathologic conditions of the cisternal through extraforaminal segments. Neuroimaging Clin N Am: 2014; 24 1 17 34
40. Everton K. L., Rassner U. A., Osborn A. G., Harnsberger H. R. The oculomotor cistern: anatomy and high-resolution imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol: 2008; 29 7 1344 1348
41. Seitz J., Held P., Strotzer M., et al. MR imaging of cranial nerve lesions using six different high-resolution T1- and T2(∗)-weighted 3D and 2D sequences. Acta Radiol: 2002; 43 4 349 353
42. Choi B. S., Kim J. H., Jung C., Hwang J. M. High-resolution 3D MR imaging of the trochlear nerve. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol: 2010; 31 6 1076 1079
43. Yousry I., Camelio S., Wiesmann M., et al. Detailed magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the cisternal segment of the abducent nerve: Dorello's canal and neurovascular relationships and landmarks. J Neurosurg: 1999; 91 2 276 283
44. Yagi A., Sato N., Taketomi A., et al. Normal cranial nerves in the cavernous sinuses: contrast-enhanced three-dimensional constructive interference in the steady state MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol: 2005; 26 4 946 950
45. Gelfand A. A., Gelfand J. M., Prabakhar P., Goadsby P. J. Ophthalmoplegic migraine or recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy: new cases and a systematic review. J Child Neurol: 2012; 27 6 759 766
46. Galtrey C. M., Schon F., Nitkunan A. Microvascular non-arteritic ocular motor nerve palsies - what we know and how should we treat? Neuroophthalmology: 2015; 39 1 1 11
47. Jacobson D. M., McCanna T. D., Layde P. M. Risk factors for ischemic ocular motor nerve palsies. Arch Ophthalmol: 1994; 112 7 961 966
48. Patel S. V., Mutyala S., Leske D. A., Hodge D. O., Holmes J. M. Incidence, associations, and evaluation of sixth nerve palsy using a population-based method. Ophthalmology: 2004; 111 2 369 375
49. Patel S. V., Holmes J. M., Hodge D. O., Burke J. P. Diabetes and hypertension in isolated sixth nerve palsy: a population-based study. Ophthalmology: 2005; 112 5 760 763
50. Jung J. S., Kim D. H. Risk factors and prognosis of isolated ischemic third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsies in the Korean population. J Neuroophthalmol: 2015; 35 1 37 40
51. Sanders S. K., Kawasaki A., Purvin V. A. Long-term prognosis in patients with vasculopathic sixth nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol: 2002; 134 1 81 84
52. Capó H., Warren F., Kupersmith M. J. Evolution of oculomotor nerve palsies. J Clin Neuroophthalmol: 1992; 12 1 21 25
53. Jacobson D. M., Broste S. K. Early progression of ophthalmoplegia in patients with ischemic oculomotor nerve palsies. Arch Ophthalmol: 1995; 113 12 1535 1537
54. Jacobson D. M. Progressive ophthalmoplegia with acute ischemic abducens nerve palsies. Am J Ophthalmol: 1996; 122 2 278 279
55. Wilker S. C., Rucker J. C., Newman N. J., Biousse V., Tomsak R. L. Pain in ischaemic ocular motor cranial nerve palsies. Br J Ophthalmol: 2009; 93 12 1657 1659
56. Dreyfus P. M., Hakim S., Adams R. D. Diabetic ophthalmoplegia; report of case, with postmortem study and comments on vascular supply of human oculomotor nerve. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry: 1957; 77 4 337 349
57. Asbury A. K., Aldredge H., Hershberg R., Fisher C. M. Oculomotor palsy in diabetes mellitus: a clinico-pathological study. Brain: 1970; 93 3 555 566
58. Weber R. B., Daroff R. B., Mackey E. A. Pathology of oculomotor nerve palsy in diabetics. Neurology: 1970; 20 8 835 838
59. Bortolami R., D'Alessandro R., Manni E. The origin of pain in 'ischemic-diabetic' third-nerve palsy. Arch Neurol: 1993; 50 8 795
60. Phillips P. H. Treatment of diplopia. Semin Neurol: 2007; 27 3 288 298
61. Johnson L. N., Stetson S. W., Krohel G. B., Cipollo C. L., Madsen R. W. Aspirin use and the prevention of acute ischemic cranial nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol: 2000; 129 3 367 371
62. DeSantis D. Amblyopia. Pediatr Clin North Am: 2014; 61 3 505 518
63. Levi D. M., Knill D. C., Bavelier D. Stereopsis and amblyopia: a mini-review. Vision Res: 2015;; Jan 29. [ePub ahead of print]
64. Pratt-Johnson J. A., Tillson G. Acquired central disruption of fusional amplitude. Ophthalmology: 1979; 86 12 2140 2142
65. Wylie J., Henderson M., Doyle M., Hickey-Dwyer M. Persistent binocular diplopia following cataract surgery: aetiology and management. Eye (Lond): 1994; 8 (Pt 5): 543 546
66. Rawstron J. A., Burley C. D., Elder M. J. A systematic review of the applicability and efficacy of eye exercises. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus: 2005; 42 2 82 88