Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment

Local Environment

Volumn 20, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 957-980

  Lennon, Mick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

green infrastructure; Ireland; planning; sustainability

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING; NATURE CONSERVATION; PLANNING PRACTICE; POLICY DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; SPATIAL PLANNING; SUSTAINABILITY;

IRELAND;

EID: 84942990137     PISSN: 13549839     EISSN: 14696711     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2014.880411     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. J.Abbot,, 2012. Green infrastructure for sustainable urban design in Africa. Oxford: Earthscan.
2. C.Adelle,, A.Jordan,, and J.Turnpenny,, 2012. Proceeding in parallel or drifting apart? A systematic review of policy appraisal research and practices. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30 (3), 401–415. doi: 10.1068/c11104
3. AGMA, 2011. Green infrastructure framework. Manchester: Association of Greater Manchester Authorities.
4. J.Ahern,, 2007. Green infrastructure for cities: the spatial dimension. In: V.Novotny and P.Brown, eds. Cities for the future: towards integrated sustainable water and landscape management. London: IWA Publishing, 267–283.
5. J.Ahern,, 2011. From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (4), 341–343. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.021
6. W.L.Allen,, 2012. Advancing green infrastructure at all scales: from landscape to site. Environmental Practice, 14 (1), 17–25. doi: 10.1017/S1466046611000469
7. M.Amati, and L.Taylor,, 2010. From green belts to green infrastructure. Planning Practice and Research, 25 (2), 143–155. doi: 10.1080/02697451003740122
8. J.Barry,, 2007. Environment and social theory. Oxford: Routledge.
9. M.Benedict, and E.McMahon,, 2002. Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century. Renewable Resources Journal, 20 (3), 12–17.
10. M.Benedict, and E.McMahon,, 2006. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities. London: Island Press.
11. J.Blewitt,, 2008. Understanding sustainable development. London: Earthscan.
12. B.T.Bormann,, 1994. Adaptive ecosystem management in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregan: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: Pacific Northwest Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-341.
13. S.Boucher, and S.Whatmore,, 1993. Green gains? Planning by agreement and nature conservation. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management, 36, 33–49.
14. Brown and Caldwell, HNTB & Tetra Tech Inc, 2011. Determining the potential of green infrastructure to reduce overflows in Milwaukee. Milwaukee, WI, Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District.
15. R.Butler,, 2012. Park Atlantic urban parks and green areas action plan. Limerick: Mid-West Regional Authority & European Regional Development Fund.
16. CABE, 2009. Grey to green: how we shift funding and skills to green our cities. London: Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE).
17. N.Carter,, 2007. The politics of the environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. CF, 2007. Cecil county, Maryland: green infrastructure plan. Annapolis, MD: The Conservation Fund.
19. CGIF, 2011. Cambridgeshire green infrastructure strategy. Peterborough: Cambridgeshire Green Infrastructure Forum & LDA Design Consulting LLP.
20. K.Charmaz,, 2006. Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
21. H.-F.Chau,, 2009. Green infrastructure for Los Angeles: addressing urban runoff and water supply through low impact development. Los Angeles, CA: City of Los Angeles Stormwater Program.
22. COMHAR, 2009. Towards a green new deal. Dublin: Comhar SDC.
23. COMHAR, 2010. Creating green infrastructure for Ireland: enhancing natural capital for human well being. Dublin: Comhar SDC.
24. R.Cowell, and S.Owens,, 2006. Governing space: planning reform and the politics of sustainability. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 24 (3), 403–421. doi: 10.1068/c0416j
25. C.Davies,, R.Macfarlane,, and M.H.Roe,, 2006. Green infrastructure planning guide, 2 volumes. Final Report and GI Planning Newcastle, England, U.K., University of Northumbria, North East Community Forests, University of Newcastle, Countryside Agency, English Nature, Forestry Commission, Groundwork Trusts.
26. S.Davoudi,,, 2012. Resilience: a bridging concept or a dead end? “reframing” resilience: challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps: resilience assessment of a pasture management system in Northern Afghanistan urban resilience: what does it mean in planning practice? Resilience as a useful concept for climate change adaptation? The politics of resilience for planning: a cautionary note. Planning Theory & Practice, 13 (2), 299–333. doi: 10.1080/14649357.2012.677124
27. DCC, 2010. Dublin city development plan 2011-2017. Dublin: Dublin City Council.
28. DCLG, 2010. Consultation paper on a new planning policy statement: planning for a natural and healthy environment. London: DCLG.
29. DCLG, 2012. National planning policy framework. London: Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG).
30. DOEHLG, 2008. The economic and social aspects of biodiversity: benefits and costs of biodiversity in Ireland. Dublin: Government of Ireland.
31. DOE(NI), 2013. Planning policy statement 2: natural heritage. Belfast: Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland (DoE(NI)).
32. DRA and MERA, 2010. Regional planning guidelines for the greater Dublin area 2010-2022 Dublin. Ireland: Mid-East Regional Authority and Dublin Regional Authority.
33. J.S.Dryzek,, 2005. The politics of the earth: environmental discourses. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. EC, 2011. Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020: communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.Brussels, Belgium, European Commission, COM(2011) 244.
35. EC, 2012. The multifunctionality of green infrastructure. Brussels: European Commission.
36. EC, 2013. Green infrastructure (GI) –enhancing Europe's natural capital: communication from the commission to the European parliament. Brussels, Belgium, European Commission, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee Of The Regions [COM (2013) 249 final].
37. EEA, 2011. Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion: The concept of green infrastructure and its integration into policies using monitoring systems. Luxembourg, Belgium, Publications Office of the European Union, Technical report No.18/2011.
38. S.Engel,, S.Pagiola,, and S.Wunder,, 2008. Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: an overview of the issue. Ecological Economics, 65 (4), 663–674. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.03.011
39. EPA, 2010. Green infrastructure case studies: municipal policies for managing stormwater with green infrastructure. Washington, DC: EPA (USA).
40. D.Erickson, 2006. Metrogreen: connecting open space in North American cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
41. H.Erixon,, S.Borgström,, and E.Andersson,, 2013. Challenging dichotomies – exploring resilience as an integrative and operative conceptual framework for large-scale urban green structures. Planning Theory & Practice, 14 (3), 349–372. doi: 10.1080/14649357.2013.813960
42. H.Ernstson,, 2013. The social production of ecosystem services: a framework for studying environmental justice and ecological complexity in urbanized landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109 (1), 7–17. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.005
43. H.Ernstson, and S.Sörlin,, 2013. Ecosystem services as technology of globalization: on articulating values in urban nature. Ecological Economics, 86, 274–284. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.09.012
44. A.Escobar,, 2011. Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
45. J.Evans,, 2007. Wildlife corridors: an urban political ecology. Local Environment, 12 (2), 129–152. doi: 10.1080/13549830601133169
46. J.P.Evans,, 2011. Resilience, ecology and adaptation in the experimental city. Transactions of the institute of British Geographers, 36 (2), 223–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00420.x
47. J.G.Fábos,, 2004. Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68 (2), 321–342. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.003
48. FCC, 2011. Fingal county development plan 2011-2017. Dublin: Fingal County Council.
49. FCC, 2013a. Baldoyle-stapolin local area plan, swords. Dublin: Fingal County Council.
50. FCC, 2013b. Oldtown local area plan, swords. Dublin: Fingal County Council.
51. FCC, 2013c. Portmarnock south local area plan, swords. Dublin: Fingal County Council.
52. F.Fischer,, 2009. Democracy and expertise: reorienting policy inquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53. B.Fisher,, R.K.Turner,, and P.Morling,, 2009. Defining and classifying ecosystems services for decision making. Ecological Economics, 68 (3), 643–653. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.09.014
54. U.Flick,, 2007. Designing qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
55. T.Forsyth,, 2003. Critical political ecology: the politics of environmental science. London: Routledge.
56. S.Gill,,, 2009. Planning for green infrastructure: adapting to climate change. In: S.Davoudi, ed. Planning for climate change: strategies for mitigation and adaptation for spatial planners. London: Earthscan, 249–261.
57. S.Gill,,, 2007. Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment, 33 (1), 115–133. doi: 10.2148/benv.33.1.115
58. GLA, 2012. Green infrastructure and open environments: the all London green grid. London: Greater London Authority (GLA).
59. E.Gómez-Baggethun,,, 2010. The history of ecosystem services in economic theory and practice: from early notions to markets and payment schemes. Ecological Economics, 69 (6), 1209–1218. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.007
60. G.Grant,, 2012. Ecosystem services come to town: greening cities by working with nature. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
61. M.Hajer,, 1995. The politics of environmental discourse: ecological modernisation and the policy process. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
62. M.Hajer,, 2003. A frame in the fields: policymaking and the reinvention of politics. In: M.Hajer and H.Wagenaar, eds. Deliverative policy analysis: understanding governance in the network society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 88–110.
63. D.R.Hancock, and B.Algozzine,, 2006. Doing case study research: a practical guide for beginning researchers. New York: Teachers College Press.
64. J.Handley,, S.Pauleit,, and S.Gill,, 2007. Landscape sustainability and the city. In: J.F.Benson and M.Roe, eds. Landscape and sustainability. London: Routledge, 167–195.
65. J.Hannigan,, 2007. Environmental sociology. New York: Routledge.
66. D.Hasse,, 2010. Multicriteria assessment of green infrastructure and green space patterns in shrinking cities – a challenge for planning and design of an urban ecological network. Proceeding of the 2nd international conference of urban biodiversity and design, URBIO 2010. Nagoya, Japan.
67. G.Heal,, 2000. Nature and the marketplace: capturing the value of ecosystem services. Washington, DC: Island Press.
68. P.Healey,, 1993. The communicative turn in planning theory. In: F.Fischer and J.Forester, eds. The arguementative turn in policy analysis and planning. London: Duke University Press, 233–253.
69. M.Hennink,, I.Hutter,, and A.Bailey,, 2011. Qualitative research methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
70. R.J.Herring,, 2007. Political ecology from landscapes to genomes: science and interests. In: J.Pretty, A.Ball, T.Benton, J.Guivant, D.R.Lee, D.Orr, M.Pfeffer, and H.Ward, eds. The SAGE handbook of environment and society. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 299–313.
71. C.Herzog,, 2010. Planning and design of a green infrastructure as a defensive strategy to protect biodiversity and minimize climatic changes on a coastal urban environment in Southern Brazil. Proceeding of the 2nd international conference of urban biodiversity and design, URBIO 2010. Nagoya, Japan.
72. K.Horwood,, 2011. Green infrastructure: reconciling urban green space and regional economic development: lessons learnt from experience in England's north-west region. Local Environment, 16 (10), 963–975. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2011.607157
73. M.Ignatieva,, 2010. Planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas. Proceeding of the 2nd international conference of urban biodiversity and design, URBIO 2010. Nagoya, Japan.
74. R.J.In't Veld,, 2009. Willingly and knowingly: the roles of knowledge about nature and the environment in policy processes. In: R.J.In't Veld, ed. RMNO-series preliminary studies and background studies (Number V.15e). The Haag, The Netherlands: RMNO (Advisory Council for Spatial Planning, Nature and the Environment).
75. A.Irwin,, 2001. Sociology and the environment. Cambridge: Polity Press.
76. M.Jenks,, E.Burton,, and K.Williams,, 1996. The compact city: a sustainable urban form? London: E&FN Spon Ltd.
77. R.H.G.Jongman, and G.Pungetti,, eds., 2004. Ecological networks and greenways; conception, design, implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78. T.J.Kallio,, P.Nordberg,, and A.Ahonen,, 2007. ‘Rationalizing sustainable development' – a critical treatise. Sustainable Development, 15 (1), 41–51. doi: 10.1002/sd.292
79. C.Kambites, and S.Owen,, 2006. Renewed prospects for green infrastructure in the UK. Planning Practice and Research, 21 (4), 483–496. doi: 10.1080/02697450601173413
80. J.Karhu,, 2011. Green infrastructure implementation. Proceedings of the European Commission Conference, 19 November 2010, Brussels, Belgium, European Commission.
81. A.Kazmierczak,,, 2010. Green infrastructure – contribution to adaptation to climate change in Greater Manchester. Proceeding of the 2nd international conference of urban biodiversity and design, URBIO 2010. Nagoya, Japan.
82. KCC, 2011. Kildare county development plan 2011-2017. Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland: Kildare County Council.
83. S.Kilbane,, 2013. Green infrastructure: planning a national green network for Australia. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 8 (1), 64–73. doi: 10.1080/18626033.2013.798930
84. R.Kitchin,,, 2012. Placing neoliberalism: the rise and fall of Ireland's Celtic Tiger. Environment and Planning A, 44 (6), 1302–1326. doi: 10.1068/a44349
85. N.Kosoy, and E.Corbera,, 2010. Payments for ecosystems services as commodity fetishism. Ecological Economics, 69 (6), 1228–1236. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.002
86. A.Kruuse,, 2011. The green space factor and green points. Town & Country Planning, 80 (6), 287–290.
87. S.Kvale,, 1996. InterViews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
88. B.Latour,, 2005. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor network theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
89. LCRP, 2010. Green infrastructure strategy for the Leeds city region. Leeds: Leeds City Region Partnership & LDA Design.
90. LI, 2013. Green infrastructure: an integrated approach to land use –landscape institute position statement. London: Landscape Institute (UK).
91. C.E.Little,, 1990. Greenways for America: creating the North American landscape. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
92. D.Marcucci, and L.Jordan,, 2013. Benefits and challenges of linking green infrastructure and highway planning in the United States. Environmental Management, 51 (1), 182–197. doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-9966-7
93. MEA, 2005. Millennium ecosystems assessment (MEA): ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis report. Washington, DC: Island Press.
94. I.C.Mell,, 2008. Green infrastructure: concepts and planning. FORUM Ejournal, 8 (1), 69–80.
95. I.C.Mell,, 2009. Can green infrastructure promote urban sustainability? Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability, 162 (1), 23–34. doi: 10.1680/ensu.2009.162.1.23
96. I.C.Mell,, 2013. Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail? examining the “green” of green infrastructure development. Local Environment, 18 (2), 152–166. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2012.719019
97. NE, 2009. Green infrastructure guidance. Sheffield: Natural England.
98. NE, 2010. ‘Nature nearby’: accessible natural greenspace guidance. Sheffield: Natural England.
99. V.Novotny,, J.Ahern,, and P.Brown, 2010. Water centric sustainable communities: planning, retrofitting and building the next urban environment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
100. NWCCP, 2011. Green infrastructure to combat climate change: a framework for action in Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, and Merseyside. Salford: Northwest Climate Change Partnership.
101. NYC, 2010. NYC green infrastructure plan: a sustainable strategy for clean waterways. New York City, NY: NYC Environmental Protection.
102. OIREACHTAS, 1993. Local Government (Dublin) Act. Number 31 of 1993. Ireland: Oireachtas.
103. P.O'Mahony, and K.Keohane,, 2011. Irish environmental politics after the communicative turn. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
104. J.O'Neill,, 2007. Markets, deliberation and environment. London: Routledge.
105. P.Opdam,, 2002. Assessing the conservation potential of habitat networks. In: K.J.Gutzwiller, ed. Applying landscape ecology in biological conservation. New York City, NY: Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 381–404.
106. P.Opdam,, E.Steingröver,, and S.V.Rooij,, 2006. Ecological networks: a spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 75 (3–4), 322–332. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.02.015
107. S.Owens,, 2005. Making a difference? Some perspectives on environmental research and policy. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 30 (3), 287–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00171.x
108. S.Owens, and R.Cowell,, 2011. Land and limits: interpreting sustainability in the planning process. New York City, NY: Routledge.
109. S.Owens,, T.Rayner,, and O.Bina,, 2004. New agendas for appraisal: reflections on theory, practice, and research. Environment and Planning A, 36 (11), 1943–1959. doi: 10.1068/a36281
110. C.Pahl-Wostl,, 2009. A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Global Environmental Change, 19 (3), 354–365. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.06.001
111. M.Q.Patton,, 2002. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
112. R.Pawson,, 2006. Evidence-based policy: a realist perspective. London: SAGE Publications.
113. PCC, 2010. Plymouth's green infrastructure delivery plan: positive planning for the natural environment. Plymouth: Plymouth City Council.
114. PCSD, 1999. Towards a sustainable future: advancing prosperity, opportunity and a healthy environment for the 21st century. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
115. R.Peet, and M.Watts,, eds., 2004. Liberation ecologies. London: Routledge.
116. G.B.Peters,, 2005. Institutional theory in political science: the “new institutionalism”. London: Continuum.
117. M.J.Peterson,,, 2010. Obscuring ecosystem function with application of the ecosystems services concept. Conservation Biology, 24 (1), 113–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01305.x
118. S.Pincetl,, 2013. Urban ecology and nature's services infrastructure: policy implications of the million trees initiative of the city of Los Angeles. In: C.G.Boone and M.Fragkias, eds. Urbanization and sustainability. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 61–74.
119. T.Rapley,, 2007. Doing conversation, discourse and document analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
120. J.P.Rayner,, K.J.Raynor,, and N.S.G.Williams,, 2010. Façade greening: a case study from Melbourne, Australia. In: G.Prosdocimi Gianquinto and F.Orsini, eds. Acta horticulturae 881: II international conference on landscape and urban horticulture. Bologna, Italy: International Society for Horticultural Science, 709–713.
121. M.Redclift,,, eds., 2000. Social environmental research in the European Union. Cheltenham: Edward Edgar Publishing.
122. M.M.Robertson,, 2004. The neoliberalization of ecosystem services: wetland mitigation banking and problems in environmental governance. Geoforum, 35 (3), 361–373. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.06.002
123. J.Robinson,, 2004. Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 48 (4), 369–384. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.017
124. M.Roe, and I.Mell,, 2013. Negotiating value and priorities: evaluating the demands of green infrastructure development. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 56 (5), 650–673. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2012.693454
125. D.C.Rouse, and I.F.Bunster-Ossa,, 2013. Green infrastructure: a landscape approach. Washington, DC: American Planning Association.
126. H.J.Rubin, and I.S.Rubin,, 2005. Qualitative interviewing: the art of hearing data. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
127. Y.Rydin,, 2003. Conflict, consensus, and rationality in environmental planning: an institutional discourse approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
128. U.G.Sandström,, 2002. Green infrastructure planning in urban Sweden. Planning Practice and Research, 17 (4), 373–385. doi: 10.1080/02697450216356
129. U.G.Sandström,, 2008. Biodiversity and green infrastructure in urban landscapes: the importance of urban green spaces. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller.
130. D.A.Schön,, 1991. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. London: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
131. P.Schwartz-Shea, and D.Yanow,, 2012. Interpretive research design. New York City, NY: Routledge.
132. W.R.Scott,, 2008. Institutes and organisations: ideas and interests. London: Sage Publications.
133. M.Scott,, 2013. Resilience: a conceptual lens for rural studies? Geography Compass, 7 (9), 597–610. doi: 10.1111/gec3.12066
134. SDCC, 2010. South Dublin county development plan 2010–2016. Dublin: South Dublin County Council.
135. P.Selman,, 2012. Sustainable landscape planning: the reconnection agenda. Abingdon: Routledge.
136. SERA, 2010. Regional planning guidelines for the south-east region 2010-2022. Clonmel, Tipperary: South-East Regional Authority.
137. SG, 2011. Green infrastructure: design and placemaking. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
138. SG, 2012. Making the most of communities’ natural assets: green infrastructure. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Government.
139. J.P.Silva,,, 2010. LIFE: building up Europe‘s green infrastructure: addressing connectivity and enhancing ecosystem functions. Luxembourg: European Union.
140. E.Stenning,, 2008. An Assessment of the Seattle green factor: increasing and improving the quality of urban green infrastructure. Unpublished thesis for Master of Urban Planning, University of Washington.
141. K.Sundseth, and A.Sylwester,, 2009. Towards green infrastructure for Europe.Proceedings of EC workshop, 25–26 March 2009, Brussels, Belgium, European Commission.
142. E.Swyngedouw,, 2010. Trouble with nature: 'ecology as the new opium for the masses’. In: J.Hillier and P.Healey, eds. The Ashgate research companion to planning theory: conceptual challenges for spatial planning. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 299–318.
143. A.Sylwester,, 2009. Green infrastructure: supporting connectivity, maintaining sustainability. Brussels: European Commission.
144. G.Taylor,, 2005. Negotiated governance and public policy in Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
145. TCPA, 2011. The GRaBS project issue: green and blue space adaptation for urban areas and eco towns. The Journal of the Town and Country Planning Association, 80 (6), 240–299.
146. TEEB, 2010. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: mainstreaming the economics of nature: a synthesis of the approach, conclusions and recommendations of TEEB. Malta: Progress Press.
147. C.Temenos, and E.McCann,, 2012. The local politics of mobility: learning, persuasion, and the production of a municipal sustainability fix. Environment and Planning A, 44 (6), 1389–1406. doi: 10.1068/a44314
148. TEP, 2011. Green infrastructure framework for North East Wales, Cheshire and Wirral. Warrington: TEP.
149. K.Thomas, and S.Littlewood,, 2010. From green belts to green infrastructure? The evolution of a new concept in the emerging soft governance of spatial strategies. Planning Practice and Research, 25 (2), 203–222. doi: 10.1080/02697451003740213
150. J.A.Throgmorton, 1993. Survey research as rhetorical trope: electric power planning arguments in Chicago. In: F.Fischer and J.Forester, eds. The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning. London: Duke University Press, 117–144.
151. D.Torgerson, and R.Paehlke,, 2005. Environmental administration: revising the agenda of inquiry and practice. In: R.Paehlke and D.Torgerson, eds. Managing leviathan: environmental politics and the administrative state. 2nd ed. Plymouth: Broadwiew Press Ltd., 3–10.
152. M.Tubridy, and G.O'Riain,, 2002. Preliminary study of the needs associated with a national ecological network. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.
153. K.Tzoulas,,, 2007. Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using green infrastructure: a literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81 (3), 167–178. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001
154. UCD, DLRCC, FCC, and NATURA, 2008. Green city guidelines. Dublin: UCD Urban Institute.
155. UF and IEEM, 2010. Green infrastructure: a quality of life issue. Dublin: Urban Forum and the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management.
156. USEPA, 2004. Protecting water resources with smart growth. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
157. A.Walmsley,, 2006. Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning, 76 (1), 252–290. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.036
158. T.Weber,, A.Sloan,, and J.Wolf,, 2006. Maryland's green infrastructure assessment: development of a comprehensive approach to land conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 77 (1–2), 94–110. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.02.002
159. C.Wilkinson,, 2012. Social-ecological resilience: insights and issues for planning theory. Planning Theory, 11 (2), 148–169. doi: 10.1177/1473095211426274
160. L.A.William,, 2012. Advancing green infrastructure at all scales: from landscape to site. Environmental Practice, 14 (1), 17–25. doi: 10.1017/S1466046611000469
161. N.S.G.Williams,, J.P.Rayner,, and K.J.Raynor,, 2010. Green roofs for a wide brown land: opportunities and barriers for rooftop greening in Australia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9 (3), 245–251. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.005
162. O.Wilson, and O.Hughes,, 2011. Urban green space policy and discourse in England under new labour from 1997 to 2010. Planning Practice and Research, 26 (2), 207–228. doi: 10.1080/02697459.2011.560462
163. H.Wright,, 2011. Understanding green infrastructure: the development of a contested concept in England. Local Environment, 16 (10), 1003–1019. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2011.631993
164. D.Yanow,, 2000. Conducting interpretive policy analysis. London: Sage Publications.