Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century

Landscape and Urban Planning

Volumn 76, Issue 1-4, 2006, Pages 252-290

  Walmsley, Anthony ^a  

^a New York City Office   (United States)

Author keywords

Conservation Development; Green Infrastructure and Smart Conservation; Greenway planning innovations; New Urbanism and Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND); Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HIGHWAY SYSTEMS; LAND USE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

DEVELOPMENT; GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SMART CONSERVATION; GREENWA PLANNING INNOVATIONS; NEW URBANISM; SMART GROWTH; TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND); TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD;

URBAN PLANNING;

LANDSCAPE PLANNING; SUSTAINABILITY; URBANIZATION;

EID: 33645892270     PISSN: 01692046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.036     Document Type: Article

References (33)

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2. Beatley, T., 2000. Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. In this classic comparison between American and European urban planning, Beatley lists the urban densities of representative American and European cities. Adjusting from units/acre to persons/hectare and assuming an average of 2.5 persons per unit: the former range between 7.8 units/ac (7.9 persons/ha) in Houston, Texas and 8.6 units/ac (8.7 persons/ha) in Phoenix, Arizona, to 15.8 units/ac (16.0 persons/ha) in New York City and 18.4 units/ac (18.6 persons/ha) in Los Angeles, compared to 23.5 units/ac (23.8 persons/ha) in Copenhagen, 34.8 units/ac (35.2 persons/ha) in London, 40.2 units/ac (40.7 persons/ha) in Zurich, 43.7 units/ac (44.2 persons/ha) in Stockholm and 56.2 units/ac (56.9 persons/ha) in Vienna.
3. Benedict, M., 2001. "Green Infrastructure: A Strategic Approach for Land Conservation Planning" at National Conservation Training Center Conference, May 1-3, Shepherdstown, Virginia, quote on pp. 7-8.
4. Benedict, M., McMahon, E.T., 2002a. Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century, 2002a, 1st quote on p. 6; 2nd quote on p. 14.
5. Benedict, M., McMahon, E.T., 2002b. "Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century" in Renewable Resources Journal, Autumn, p. 13.
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17. McHarg I.L. An ecological method for landscape architecture. Landsc. Architect. (1967) 105-107
18. Mednick A.C. Garden State Greenways: Green Infrastructure Assessment, Proposed Methodology for the Identification of Open Space Hubs and Greenway Corridors (2001), New Jersey Conservation Foundation, NJ
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20. President's Commission on Americans Outdoors: Report and Recommendations, 1987. Reprinted as Americans Outdoors: The Legacy, the Challenge. U.S. Government Printing Office.
21. President's Council on Sustainable Development, 1999. Towards a Sustainable America-Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity and a Healthy Environment for the 21st Century. U.S. Government Printing Office.
22. Regional Plan Association (RPA), 1993. New York, Building a Metropolitan Greensward (map).
23. Smart Growth Network (SGN), 1998. ICMA Newsletter, January 19, quote on p. 12. For ICMA, T: 212-962-3591.
24. Stein, C.S., 1956. Towards New Towns for America, 3rd ed., 1966. The major "new town" projects illustrated in Stein's seminal book were Sunnyside, New York (1924-1928); Radburn, New Jersey (1928-1929); Chatham Village, Pittsburgh (1930-1935); Hillside Homes, Bronx, New York (1932-1935); Greenbelt, Maryland (1935-1937); and Baldwin Hills Village, Los Angeles (1941).
25. Tourbier, Walmsley, 1998-1999. Planning, Preservation, Urban Design, Landscape Architecture. New York City Office, Eagle's Nest Retirement Village and Assisted Living Facility (ALF), Suffield, Connecticut.
26. Tourbier, Walmsley, 1997-1998. Proposed Senior Citizen Housing. Old Bridge, New Jersey.
27. Tourbier, Walmsley, 2000-2002. A New Village at Logan Township. Gloucester County, New Jersey.
28. Tourbier, Walmsley, 1996. Planning, Preservation, Urban Design, Landscape Architecture. Philadelphia Pennsylvania Office, Storm Water Management for Water Quality Improvement and Infiltration in the Great Swamp Watershed.
29. Van der Ryn, S., Cowan, S., 1996. Ecological Design. The authors distinguish between conservation, regeneration and stewardship with a simple banking analogy to urge environmental responsibility. It is worth quoting directly: "Suppose we represent our working 'natural capital'-forests, lakes, wetlands, salmon and so on-with a stack of coins. This natural capital provides renewable interest in the form of fish and timber yields, crops and clean air, water and soil. At present, we are simply spending the capital, drawing it down to dangerously low levels, decreasing the ability of remaining ecosystems top assimilate ever-increasing quantities of waste. Such an approach cannot but deplete natural capital. Ecological design offers three critical strategies for addressing this loss: conservation, regeneration and stewardship ... Conservation involves spending natural capital more slowly; regeneration is the expansion of natural capital; stewardship is the wisdom of living on renewable interest rather than eating into natural capital".
30. Walmsley, A., 1995. "Greenways and the Making of Urban Form". In: Fabos, J.Gy., Ahern, J., (Eds.), Greenways: The Beginning of an International Movement, reprinted from The Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 33, pp. 81-127. Section 2: "The Historic Contribution" on pp. 84-91 addresses the development of U.S. parks and parkways; Poundbury is discussed in Section 4. "Regional Patterns" on pp. 106-109; Pedestrian Pockets and Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) are described in Section 4. "Regional Patterns" on pp. 112-115; Laguna West is referred to in Section 4. "Regional Patterns" on pp. 114-115.
31. Walmsley, A., Mednick, A., Benedict, M., 2002. Open Space Preservation: Linking Smart Conservation to Smart Growth. In: American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 112-121. Mednick directed the Green Infrastructure Assessment (GIA) at the New Jersey Conservation Foundation. The methodology is summarized in Section II of the above "Garden State Greenways and New Jersey Green Infrastructure Assessment", pp. 114-115, 117-120. Benedict's approach is discussed in Section III of the above "Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century", pp. 115-118, 120.
32. Whyte, W.H., Jr. (Ed.), 1958. The Exploding Metropolis, originally published in 1958, republished in 1993 with a new foreword by Sam Bass Warner, Jr. A classic of urban history, it contains essays by Whyte, Jane Jacobs, Francis Bello, Seymour Freedgood and Daniel Seligman, addressing the problems of urban decline and suburban sprawl, transportation, city politics, open space and the character and fabric of cities.
33. Young, D., 1995. Alternatives to Sprawl. Lincoln Institute for Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, pp. 25-27. T: 617-661-3016.