Anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis load is similar in men who have sex with men and women reporting anal sex

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

  Van Liere, Geneviève A F S ^a,b   Dirks, Jeanne A M C ^b   Hoebe, Christian J P A ^a,b   Wolffs, Petra F ^b   Dukers Muijrers, Nicole H T M ^a,b  

^a South Limburg Public Health Service   (Netherlands)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANAL INTERCOURSE; ANORECTAL CHLAMYDIA INFECTION; ANORECTAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL LOAD; CHLAMYDIAL URETHRITIS; CHLAMYDIASIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVENIENCE SAMPLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN; NETHERLANDS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; ANAL CANAL; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; GENETICS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE HOMOSEXUALITY; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ANAL CANAL; BACTERIAL LOAD; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84942926974     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134991     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. John R. Papp JS, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Barbara Van Der Pol. Recommendations for the Laboratory- Based Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae-2014.
2. Schachter J, Philip SS. Testing men who have sex with men for urethral infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is only half the job, and we need the right tools. Sex Transm Dis. 2011; 38: 925-927. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318230f3d6 PMID: 21934566
3. van der Helm JJ, Hoebe CJ, van Rooijen MS, Brouwers EE, Fennema HS, Thiesbrummel HF, et al. High performance and acceptability of self-collected rectal swabs for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men and women. Sex Transm Dis. 2009; 36:493-497. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a44b8c PMID: 19617869
4. Moncada J, Schachter J, Liska S, Shayevich C, Klausner JD. Evaluation of self-collected glans and rectal swabs from men who have sex with men for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of nucleic acid amplification tests. J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47: 1657-1662. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02269-08 PMID: 19369445
5. Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006; 55: 1-94.
6. 2006 UK National Guideline for the Management of Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Available: http://www.bashh.org/documents/65.pdf
7. Barry PM, Kent CK, Philip SS, Klausner JD. Results of a program to test women for rectal chlamydia and gonorrhea. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115: 753-759. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d444f6 PMID:20308835
8. Javanbakht M, Gorbach P, Stirland A, Chien M, Kerndt P, Guerry S. Prevalence and correlates of rectal Chlamydia and gonorrhea among female clients at sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sex Transm Dis. 2012; 39: 917-922. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31826ae9a2 PMID: 23191945
9. van Liere GA, Hoebe CJ, Wolffs PF, Dukers-Muijrers NH. High co-occurrence of anorectal chlamydia with urogenital chlamydia in women visiting an STI clinic revealed by routine universal testing in an observational study; a recommendation towards a better anorectal chlamydia control in women. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 274. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-274 PMID: 24885306
10. Kent CK, Chaw JK, Wong W, Liska S, Gibson S, Hubbard G, et al. Prevalence of rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhea detected in 2 clinical settings among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, California, 2003. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 41: 67-74. PMID: 15937765
11. van Liere GA, Hoebe CJ, Dukers-Muijrers NH. Evaluation of the anatomical site distribution of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men and in high-risk women by routine testing: crosssectional study revealing missed opportunities for treatment strategies. Sex Transm Infect. 90: 58-60. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051248 PMID: 24106338
12. Patton ME, Kidd S, Llata E, Stenger M, Braxton J, Asbel L, et al. Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and infection among men who have sex with men-STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2010-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 58: 1564-1570. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu184 PMID: 24647015
13. Cachay ER, Sitapati A, Caperna J, Freeborn K, Lonergan JT, Jocson E, et al. Denial of risk behavior does not exclude asymptomatic anorectal sexually transmitted infection in HIV-infected men. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e8504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008504 PMID: 20041143
14. Sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain: Highlights from Natsal-3 from. Available: http://www.natsal.ac.uk/media/2102/natsal-infographic.pdf.
15. Ding A, Challenor R. Rectal Chlamydia in heterosexual women: more questions than answers. Int J STD AIDS. 2013; 25: 587-592. PMID: 24352134
16. Vodstrcil LA, McIver R, Huston WM, Tabrizi SN, Timms P, Hocking JS. The epidemiology of organism load in genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection-a systematic review. J Infect Dis. 2014; 211:1628-1645. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu670 PMID: 25492913
17. Peters RP, Dubbink JH, van der Eem L, Verweij SP, Bos ML, Ouburg S, et al. Cross-sectional study of genital, rectal, and pharyngeal Chlamydia and gonorrhea in women in rural South Africa. Sex Transm Dis. 2014; 41: 564-569. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000175 PMID: 25118973
18. Bax CJ, Quint KD, Peters RP, Ouburg S, Oostvogel PM, Mutsaers JA, et al. Analyses of multiple-site and concurrent Chlamydia trachomatis serovar infections, and serovar tissue tropism for urogenital versus rectal specimens in male and female patients. Sex Transm Infect. 2011; 87: 503-507. doi: 10.1136/sti.2010.048173 PMID: 21856696
19. Koedijk FD, van Bergen JE, Dukers-Muijrers NH, van Leeuwen AP, Hoebe CJ, van der Sande MA. The value of testing multiple anatomic sites for gonorrhoea and chlamydia in sexually transmitted infection centres in the Netherlands, 2006-2010. Int J STD AIDS. 2012; 23: 626-631. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.011378 PMID: 23033514
20. Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, Li X, Laeyendecker O, et al. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191:1403-1409. PMID: 15809897
21. Dukers-Muijrers NH, Speksnijder AG, Morre SA, Wolffs PF, van der Sande MA, Brink AA, et al. Detection of anorectal and cervicovaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infections following azithromycin treatment: prospective cohort study with multiple time-sequential measures of rRNA, DNA, quantitative load andsymptoms. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e81236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081236 PMID: 24278400
22. Twin J, Moore EE, Garland SM, Stevens MP, Fairley CK, Donovan B, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes among men who have sex with men in Australia. Sex Transm Dis. 2011; 38: 279-285. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181fc6944 PMID: 21085058
23. Linssen CF, Jacobs JA, Stelma FF, van Mook WN, Terporten P, Vink C, et al. Herpes simplex virus load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is related to poor outcome in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008; 34: 2202-2209. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1231-4 PMID: 18679655
24. Vliegen I, Duijvestijn A, Stassen F, Bruggeman C. Murine cytomegalovirus infection directs macrophage differentiation into a pro-inflammatory immune phenotype: implications for atherogenesis. Microbes Infect. 2004; 6: 1056-1062. PMID: 15380774
25. Jalal H, Stephen H, Curran MD, Burton J, Bradley M, Carne C. Development and validation of a rotorgene real-time PCR assay for detection, identification, and quantification of Chlamydia trachomatis in a single reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44: 206-213. PMID: 16390971
26. van der Helm JJ, Sabajo LO, Grunberg AW, Morre SA, Speksnijder AG, de Vries HJ. Point-of-care test for detection of urogenital chlamydia in women shows low sensitivity. A performance evaluation study in two clinics in Suriname. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e32122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032122 PMID:22393383
27. Sambrook J, Fritsch E, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
28. Dirks JA, Wolffs PF, Dukers-Muijrers NH, Brink AA, Speksnijder AG, Hoebe CJ. Chlamydia trachomatis load in population-based screening and STI-clinics: implications for screening policy. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0121433. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121433 PMID: 25826298
29. Barry PM, Kent CK, Philip SS, Klausner JD. Results of a program to test women for rectal chlamydia and gonorrhea. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115: 753-759. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d444f6 PMID:20308835
30. Hunte T, Alcaide M, Castro J. Rectal infections with chlamydia and gonorrhoea in women attending a multiethnic sexually transmitted diseases urban clinic. Int J STD AIDS. 2010; 21: 819-822. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.009279 PMID: 21297090
31. Sethupathi M, Blackwell A, Davies H. Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Is it overlooked? Int J STD AIDS. 2010; 21: 93-95. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008406 PMID: 19917639
32. Rank RG, Yeruva L. Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infect Immun. 2014; 82: 1362-1371. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01244-13PMID: 24421044
33. Yeruva L, Spencer N, Bowlin AK, Wang Y, Rank RG. Chlamydial infection of the gastrointestinal tract: a reservoir for persistent infection. Pathog Dis. 2013; 68: 88-95. doi: 10.1111/2049-632X.12052 PMID:23843274
34. van Liere GA, Hoebe CJ, Niekamp AM, Koedijk FD, Dukers-Muijrers NH. Standard symptom- and sexual history-based testing misses anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in swingers and men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis. 2013; 40: 285-289. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31828098f8 PMID: 23486492
35. Price MJ, Ades AE, Angelis DD, Welton NJ, Macleod J, Soldan K, et al. Mixture-of-exponentials models to explain heterogeneity in studies of the duration of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Stat Med. 2012; 32: 1547-1560. doi: 10.1002/sim.5603 PMID: 22949217
36. Caldwell HD, Wood H, Crane D, Bailey R, Jones RB, Mabey D, et al. Polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis tryptophan synthase genes differentiate between genital and ocular isolates. J Clin Invest. 2003; 111: 1757-1769. PMID: 12782678
37. Hogan RJ, Mathews SA, Mukhopadhyay S, Summersgill JT, Timms P. Chlamydial persistence: beyond the biphasic paradigm. Infect Immun. 2004; 72: 1843-1855. PMID: 15039303
38. Moorman DR, Sixbey JW, Wyrick PB. Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis with human genital epithelium in culture. J Gen Microbiol. 1986; 132: 1055-1067. PMID: 3760816
39. Jalal H, Verlander NQ, Kumar N, Bentley N, Carne C, Sonnex C. Genital chlamydial infection: association between clinical features, organism genotype and load. J Med Microbiol. 60: 881-888. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.028076-0 PMID: 21415209