메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 16, 2015, Pages 6560-6580

Detection and analysis of an amplified warming of the Sahara Desert

Author keywords

Africa; Decadal variability; Heat budgets fluxes; Heating; Subtropics; Surface observations

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GASES; HEAT FLUX; HEATING; LANDFORMS;

EID: 84942917130     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00230.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 0033762208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of the iron cycle in the ocean
    • Archer, D. E., and K. Johnson, 2000: A model of the iron cycle in the ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 269-279, doi:10.1029/1999GB900053.
    • (2000) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.14 , pp. 269-279
    • Archer, D.E.1    Johnson, K.2
  • 3
    • 53249109747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ECMWF ORA-S3 ocean analysis system
    • Balmaseda, M. A., A. Vidard, and D. Anderson, 2008: The ECMWF ORA-S3 ocean analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3018-3034, doi:10.1175/2008MWR2433.1.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 3018-3034
    • Balmaseda, M.A.1    Vidard, A.2    Anderson, D.3
  • 4
    • 84895447220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERA-Interim/Land: A global land water resources dataset
    • Balsamo, G., and Coauthors, 2013: ERA-Interim/Land: A global land water resources dataset. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 10, 14 705-14 745, doi:10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013.
    • (2013) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. , vol.10 , pp. 14705-14745
    • Balsamo, G.1
  • 6
    • 81455158999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ratio of land to ocean temperature change under global warming
    • Boer, G. J., 2011: The ratio of land to ocean temperature change under global warming. Climate Dyn., 37, 2253-2270, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1112-3.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.37 , pp. 2253-2270
    • Boer, G.J.1
  • 7
    • 79959366257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global energy and water budgets in MERRA
    • Bosilovich, M. G., F. R. Robertson, and J. Chen, 2011: Global energy and water budgets in MERRA. J. Climate, 24, 5721-5739, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4175.1.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 5721-5739
    • Bosilovich, M.G.1    Robertson, F.R.2    Chen, J.3
  • 8
    • 77955288760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertilizing the Amazon and equatorial Atlantic with West African dust
    • Bristow, C. S., K. S. Hudson-Edwards, and A. Chappell, 2010: Fertilizing the Amazon and equatorial Atlantic with West African dust. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14807, doi:10.1029/2010GL043486.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Bristow, C.S.1    Hudson-Edwards, K.S.2    Chappell, A.3
  • 9
    • 79960692661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the uncertainties in ocean surface turbulent fluxes in 11 reanalysis, satellite-derived, and combined global datasets
    • Brunke, M. A., Z. Wang, X. B. Zeng, M. Bosilovich, and C. L. Shie, 2011: An assessment of the uncertainties in ocean surface turbulent fluxes in 11 reanalysis, satellite-derived, and combined global datasets. J. Climate, 24, 5469-5493, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4223.1.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 5469-5493
    • Brunke, M.A.1    Wang, Z.2    Zeng, X.B.3    Bosilovich, M.4    Shie, C.L.5
  • 10
    • 84884882105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Link between land-ocean warming contrast and surface relative humidities in simulations with coupled climate models
    • Byrne, M. P., and P. A. O'Gorman, 2013: Link between land-ocean warming contrast and surface relative humidities in simulations with coupled climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5223-5227, doi:10.1002/grl.50971.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 5223-5227
    • Byrne, M.P.1    O'Gorman, P.A.2
  • 11
    • 0032835032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of the African easterly jet and its role in determining West African precipitation
    • Cook, K. H., 1999: Generation of the African easterly jet and its role in determining West African precipitation. J. Climate, 12, 1165-1184, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1165:GOTAEJ>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1165-1184
    • Cook, K.H.1
  • 12
    • 84856971529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energy budget of the polar atmosphere in MERRA
    • Cullather, R. I., and M. Bosilovich, 2012: The energy budget of the polar atmosphere in MERRA. J. Climate, 25, 5-24, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4138.1.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 5-24
    • Cullather, R.I.1    Bosilovich, M.2
  • 13
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 14
    • 84880890503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology of nocturnal low-level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission
    • Fiedler, S. M., K. Schepanski, B. Heinold, P. Knippertz, and I. Tegen, 2013: Climatology of nocturnal low-level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 6100-6121, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50394.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 6100-6121
    • Fiedler, S.M.1    Schepanski, K.2    Heinold, B.3    Knippertz, P.4    Tegen, I.5
  • 15
    • 0000738609 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic climate models, Part II: Application to sea-surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability
    • Frankignoul, C., and K. Hasselmann, 1977: Stochastic climate models, Part II: Application to sea-surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability. Tellus, 29A, 289-305, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00740.x.
    • (1977) Tellus , vol.29A , pp. 289-305
    • Frankignoul, C.1    Hasselmann, K.2
  • 16
    • 32244446162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical characterization of the Saharan dust end-member: Some biogeochemical implications for the western Mediterranean Sea
    • ACH5-1-ACH5-11
    • Guieu, C., M. D. Loye-Pilot, C. Ridame, and C. Thomas, 2002: Chemical characterization of the Saharan dust end-member: Some biogeochemical implications for the western Mediterranean Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 107, ACH 5-1-ACH 5-11, doi:10.1029/2001JD000582.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107
    • Guieu, C.1    Loye-Pilot, M.D.2    Ridame, C.3    Thomas, C.4
  • 17
    • 53649095202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean warming and late 20th century Sahel drought and recovery
    • Hagos, S. M., and K. H. Cook, 2008: Ocean warming and late 20th century Sahel drought and recovery. J. Climate, 21, 3797-3814, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2055.1.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 3797-3814
    • Hagos, S.M.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 18
    • 34548652035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the direct and semidirect effects of Saharan dust over Europe: A modeling study
    • Helmert, J., B. Heinold, I. Tegen, O. Hellmuth, and M. Wendisch, 2007: On the direct and semidirect effects of Saharan dust over Europe: A modeling study. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13208, doi:10.1029/2006JD007444.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Helmert, J.1    Heinold, B.2    Tegen, I.3    Hellmuth, O.4    Wendisch, M.5
  • 19
    • 77957156148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in upper ocean structure and meridional circulation of the Southern Ocean south of Australia derived from the SODA reanalysis
    • Johnston, B. M., and A. J. Gabric, 2010: Long-term trends in upper ocean structure and meridional circulation of the Southern Ocean south of Australia derived from the SODA reanalysis. Tellus, 62A, 719-736, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00462.x.
    • (2010) Tellus , vol.62A , pp. 719-736
    • Johnston, B.M.1    Gabric, A.J.2
  • 20
    • 0038227570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001
    • Jones, P. D., and A. Moberg, 2003: Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001. J. Climate, 16, 206-223, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0206:HALSSA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 206-223
    • Jones, P.D.1    Moberg, A.2
  • 21
    • 61349103108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the land-sea contrast in surface climate response on the nature of the forcing
    • Joshi, M. M., and J. M. Gregory, 2008: Dependence of the land-sea contrast in surface climate response on the nature of the forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24802, doi:10.1029/2008GL036234.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Joshi, M.M.1    Gregory, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 39349109784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for the land/sea warming contrast exhibited by simulations of climate change
    • Joshi, M. M., J. M. Gregory, M. J. Webb, D. M. H. Sexton, and T. C. Johns, 2008: Mechanisms for the land/sea warming contrast exhibited by simulations of climate change. Climate Dyn., 30, 455-465, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0306-1.
    • (2008) Climate Dyn. , vol.30 , pp. 455-465
    • Joshi, M.M.1    Gregory, J.M.2    Webb, M.J.3    Sexton, D.M.H.4    Johns, T.C.5
  • 24
    • 67649224647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal evolution of the West African heat low: A climatological perspective
    • Lavaysse, C., C. Flamant, S. Janicot, D. J. Parker, J. P. Lafore, B. Sultan, and J. Pelon, 2009: Seasonal evolution of the West African heat low: A climatological perspective. Climate Dyn., 33, 313-330, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0553-4.
    • (2009) Climate Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 313-330
    • Lavaysse, C.1    Flamant, C.2    Janicot, S.3    Parker, D.J.4    Lafore, J.P.5    Sultan, B.6    Pelon, J.7
  • 25
    • 79952776403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional-scale convection patterns during strong and weak phases of the Saharan heat low
    • Lavaysse, C., C. Flamant, and S. Janicot, 2010: Regional-scale convection patterns during strong and weak phases of the Saharan heat low. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 11, 255-264, doi:10.1002/asl.284.
    • (2010) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 255-264
    • Lavaysse, C.1    Flamant, C.2    Janicot, S.3
  • 26
    • 84856727813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upperocean heating consistent within uncertainty
    • Loeb, N. G., L. M. Lyman, G. C. Johnson, R. P. Allan, D. R. Doelling, T. Wong, B. Soden, and G. L. Stephens, 2012: Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upperocean heating consistent within uncertainty. Nat. Geosci., 5, 110-113, doi:10.1038/ngeo1375.
    • (2012) Nat. Geosci. , vol.5 , pp. 110-113
    • Loeb, N.G.1    Lyman, L.M.2    Johnson, G.C.3    Allan, R.P.4    Doelling, D.R.5    Wong, T.6    Soden, B.7    Stephens, G.L.8
  • 27
    • 0019177251 scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration in the atmosphere
    • 2 concentration in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5529-5554, doi:10.1029/JC085iC10p05529.
    • (1980) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.85 , pp. 5529-5554
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 28
    • 20444471429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids
    • Mitchell, T. D., and P. D. Jones, 2005: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 693-712, doi:10.1002/joc.1181.
    • (2005) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.25 , pp. 693-712
    • Mitchell, T.D.1    Jones, P.D.2
  • 29
    • 79961004127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sahel rainfall and decadal to multi-decadal sea surface temperature variability
    • Mohino, E., S. Janicot, and J. Bader, 2011: Sahel rainfall and decadal to multi-decadal sea surface temperature variability. Climate Dyn., 37, 419-440, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0867-2.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.37 , pp. 419-440
    • Mohino, E.1    Janicot, S.2    Bader, J.3
  • 30
    • 34250879042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping surface broadband emissivity of the Sahara Desert using ASTER and MODIS data
    • Ogawa, K., and T. Schmugge, 2004: Mapping surface broadband emissivity of the Sahara Desert using ASTER and MODIS data. Earth Interact., 8, doi:10.1175/1087-3562(2004)008<0001:MSBEOT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) Earth Interact. , vol.8
    • Ogawa, K.1    Schmugge, T.2
  • 31
    • 84881099804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water balance over oceanic regions as estimated from satellite, merged, and reanalysis data
    • Park, H. J., D. B. Shin, and J. M. Yoo, 2013: Atmospheric water balance over oceanic regions as estimated from satellite, merged, and reanalysis data. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 3495-3505, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50414.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 3495-3505
    • Park, H.J.1    Shin, D.B.2    Yoo, J.M.3
  • 32
    • 0031400135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database
    • Peterson, T. C., and R. S. Vose, 1997: An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2837-2849, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2837:AOOTGH>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2837-2849
    • Peterson, T.C.1    Vose, R.S.2
  • 33
    • 57049101039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatological record of clear-sky longwave radiation at the Earth's surface: Evidence for water vapour feedback?
    • Prata, F., 2008: The climatological record of clear-sky longwave radiation at the Earth's surface: Evidence for water vapour feedback? Int. J. Remote Sens., 29, 5247-5263, doi:10.1080/01431160802036508.
    • (2008) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.29 , pp. 5247-5263
    • Prata, F.1
  • 34
    • 79952683753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
    • Rienecker, M. N., and Coauthors, 2011: MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624-3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3624-3648
    • Rienecker, M.N.1
  • 35
    • 84856973300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of turbulent latent and sensible heat flux exchange between the atmosphere and ocean in MERRA
    • Roberts, J. B., F.R. Robertson, C.A. Clayson, and M. G. Bosilovich, 2012: Characterization of turbulent latent and sensible heat flux exchange between the atmosphere and ocean in MERRA. J. Climate, 25, 821-838, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00029.1.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 821-838
    • Roberts, J.B.1    Robertson, F.R.2    Clayson, C.A.3    Bosilovich, M.G.4
  • 36
    • 0033792096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series
    • Santer, B. D., T. M. L. Wigley, J. S. Boyle, D. J. Gaffen, J. J. Hnilo, D. Nychka, D. E. Parker, and K. E. Taylor, 2000: Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7337-7356, doi:10.1029/1999JD901105.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 7337-7356
    • Santer, B.D.1    Wigley, T.M.L.2    Boyle, J.S.3    Gaffen, D.J.4    Hnilo, J.J.5    Nychka, D.6    Parker, D.E.7    Taylor, K.E.8
  • 37
    • 84882738887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CM SAF SSM/I-based total column water vapour climate data record: Methods and evaluation against re-analyses and satellite
    • Schroeder, M., M. Jonas, R. Lindau, J. Schultz, and K. Fennig, 2013: The CM SAF SSM/I-based total column water vapour climate data record: Methods and evaluation against re-analyses and satellite. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 675-775, doi:10.5194/amt-6-765-2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.6 , pp. 675-775
    • Schroeder, M.1    Jonas, M.2    Lindau, R.3    Schultz, J.4    Fennig, K.5
  • 38
    • 79956265876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis
    • Serreze, M., and R. Barry, 2011: Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis. Global Planet. Change, 77, 85-96, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.03.004.
    • (2011) Global Planet. Change , vol.77 , pp. 85-96
    • Serreze, M.1    Barry, R.2
  • 40
    • 34250182206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations
    • Sutton, R. T., B. Dong, and J. M. Gregory, 2007: Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02701, doi:10.1029/2006GL028164.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Sutton, R.T.1    Dong, B.2    Gregory, J.M.3
  • 41
    • 84865776543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed and simulated changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerly wind-stress
    • Swart, N. C., and J. C. Fyfe, 2012: Observed and simulated changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerly wind-stress. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L16711, doi:10.1029/2012GL052810.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Swart, N.C.1    Fyfe, J.C.2
  • 42
    • 77649295259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of the Indonesian Throughflow
    • Tillinger, D., and A. L. Gordon, 2009: Fifty years of the Indonesian Throughflow. J. Climate, 22, 6342-6355, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2981.1.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6342-6355
    • Tillinger, D.1    Gordon, A.L.2
  • 43
    • 22444434391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trend and variability in column-integrated atmospheric water vapor
    • Trenberth, K. E., J. Fasullo, and L. Smith, 2005: Trend and variability in column-integrated atmospheric water vapor. Climate Dyn., 24, 741-758, doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0017-4.
    • (2005) Climate Dyn. , vol.24 , pp. 741-758
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Fasullo, J.2    Smith, L.3
  • 45
    • 62149109999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for African monsoon breaks: Mediterranean cold air surges
    • Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2009: A mechanism for African monsoon breaks: Mediterranean cold air surges. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01104, doi:10.1029/2008JD010654.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Vizy, E.K.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 46
    • 84905009985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cold air surges on rainfall variability in the Sahel and wet African tropics: A multi-scale analysis
    • Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2013: Impact of cold air surges on rainfall variability in the Sahel and wet African tropics: A multi-scale analysis. Climate Dyn., 43, 1057-1081, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1953-z.
    • (2013) Climate Dyn. , vol.43 , pp. 1057-1081
    • Vizy, E.K.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 47
    • 84880659977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of a wetter Sahel in the twenty-first century from global and regional models
    • Vizy, E. K., K. H. Cook, J. Crétat, and N. Neupane, 2013: Projections of a wetter Sahel in the twenty-first century from global and regional models. J. Climate, 26, 4664-4687, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00533.1.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 4664-4687
    • Vizy, E.K.1    Cook, K.H.2    Crétat, J.3    Neupane, N.4
  • 48
    • 84861362798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of temperature trends in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and recent atmospheric reanalyses
    • Vose, R. S., S. Applequist, M. J. Menne, C. N. Williams Jr., and P. Thorne, 2012: An intercomparison of temperature trends in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and recent atmospheric reanalyses. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10703, doi:10.1029/2012GL051387.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Vose, R.S.1    Applequist, S.2    Menne, M.J.3    Williams, C.N.4    Thorne, P.5
  • 49
    • 84881073253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global atmospheric downward longwave radiation at the surface from ground-based observations, satellite retrievals, and reanalyses
    • Wang, K., and R. E. Dickinson, 2013: Global atmospheric downward longwave radiation at the surface from ground-based observations, satellite retrievals, and reanalyses. Rev. Geophys., 51, 150-185, doi:10.1002/rog.20009.
    • (2013) Rev. Geophys. , vol.51 , pp. 150-185
    • Wang, K.1    Dickinson, R.E.2
  • 50
    • 73949096398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust as a tipping element: The Bodélé Depression, Chad
    • Washington, R., and Coauthors, 2009: Dust as a tipping element: The Bodélé Depression, Chad. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 20 564-20 571, doi:10.1073/pnas.0711850106.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 20 564-20 571
    • Washington, R.1
  • 52
    • 0007952395 scopus 로고
    • Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences-An Introduction
    • International Geophysics Series, Academic Press
    • Wilks, D. S., 1995: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences-An Introduction. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 59, Academic Press, 467 pp.
    • (1995) , vol.59 , pp. 467
    • Wilks, D.S.1
  • 53
    • 84863254389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents
    • Wu, L., and Coauthors, 2012: Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nat. Climate Change, 2, 161-166, doi:10.1038/nclimate1353.
    • (2012) Nat. Climate Change , vol.2 , pp. 161-166
    • Wu, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.