Prehospital and Emergency Department Care of the Patient with Acute Stroke

Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 905-918

  Pancioli, Arthur M ^a   Broderick, Joseph P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84942693755     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-44-306600-0/50055-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (86)

1. Morris D, Rosamond WD, Madden K, et al. Prehospital and emergency department delays after acute stroke. The Genentech Stroke Presentation Survey. Stroke 2000, 31:2585-2590.
2. Barsan W, Brott T, Broderick J, et al. Time of hospital presentation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153:2558-2561.
3. Kay R, Woo J, Poon W Hospital arrival time after onset of stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992, 55:973-974.
4. Anderson N, Broad J, Bonita R Delays in hospital admission and investigation in acute stroke. BMJ 1995, 311:162.
5. Fogelholm R, Murros K, Rissanen A, et al. Factors delaying hospital admission after acute stroke. Stroke 1996, 27:398-400.
6. Harper G, Haigh R, Potter J, et al. Factors delaying hospital admission after acute stroke in Leicestershire. Stroke 1992, 23:835-838.
7. Ferro J, Melo T, Oliveria V, et al. An analysis of the admission delay of acute strokes. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994, 4:71-75.
8. Jorgensen H, Nakauama H, Reith J, et al. Factors delaying hospital admission in acute stroke. Neurology 1996, 47:383-387.
9. Derex L, Adeleine P, Nighoghossian N Factors influencing early admission in a French stroke unit. Stroke 2002, 33:153-159.
10. Gallup Poll, Sponsored by the National Stroke Association USA. 1996.
11. Kothari R, Sauerbeck L, Jauch E, et al. Patients' awareness of stroke signs, symptoms, and risk factors. Stroke 1997, 28:1871-1875.
12. Pancioli A, Broderick J, Kothari R, et al. Public perception of stroke warning signs and potential risk factors. JAMA 1998, 279:1288-1292.
13. Schneider A, Pancioli A, Khoury J, et al. Trends in community knowledge of the warning signs and risk factors for stroke. JAMA 2003, 289:343-346.
14. Webster P, Radberg J, Lundgren B Factors associated with delayed admission to hospital and in-hospital delays in acute stroke and TIA: A prospective, multicenter study. Stroke 1999, 30:40-48.
15. Menon SC, Pandey DK, Morgenstern LB Critical factors determining access to acute stroke. Neurology 1998, 51:427-432.
16. Zweifler R, Drinkard R, Cunningham S, et al. Implementation of a stroke code system in Mobile, Alabama: Diagnostic and therapeutic yield. Stroke 1997, 28:981-983.
17. Bratina P, Greenberg L, Pasteur W, et al. Current emergency department management of stroke in Houston, TX. Stroke 1995, 26:409-414.
18. Lacy C, Suh D-C, Bueno M, et al. Delay in presentation and evaluation for acute stroke. Stroke Time Registry for Outcomes Knowledge and Epidemiology (STROKE). Stroke 2001, 32:63-69.
19. Kothari R, Barsan WG, Brott T, et al. Frequency and accuracy of prehospital diagnosis of acute stroke. Stroke 1995, 26:937-941.
20. Porteous G, Corry M, Smith W Emergency medical services dispatcher identification of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Prehosp Emerg Care 1999, 3:211-216.
21. Kothari R, Barsan WG, Brott T, et al. The potential of pre-hospital care providers to impart early treatment in acute stroke: A pilot study. Stroke 1995, 26:937-941.
22. Sayre MR, Swor R, Honeycutt L Prehospital identification and treatment. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Stroke 1997, 35-45. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD. J. Marler, P. Winters-Jones, M. Emr (Eds.).
23. Pepe P, Zachariah BS, Sayre M, et al. Ensuring the chain of recovery for stroke in your community. Chain of Recovery Writing Group. Acad Emerg Med 1998, 5:352-358.
24. Alberts M Stroke teams and intervention times. J Emerg Med Serv 1997, 22:25-30.
25. Broderick J, Brott T, Barsan WG, et al. Blood pressure during the first minutes of focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Emerg Med 1993, 22:96-101.
26. Kothari R The biology of stroke and management of the stroke patient. J Emerg Med Serv 1997, 22:9-14.
27. Bruno A, Levine SR, Frankel M, et al. Relation between admission glucose level and outcome in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 2002, 59:669-674.
28. Wass C, Lanier W Glucose modulation of ischemic brain injury: Review and clinical recommendations. Mayo Clin Proc 1996, 71:801-812.
29. Bruno A, Biller J, Adams HP, et al. Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke. Neurology 1999, 52:280-284.
30. Zachariah B, Van Cott C, Dunford J Dispatch life support and the acute stroke patient: Making the right call. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Stroke 1997, 29-33. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD. J. Marler, P. Winters-Jones, M. Emr (Eds.).
31. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Schubert GB, et al. Design and retrospective analysis of the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS). Prehosp Emerg Care 1998, 2:267-273.
32. Kidwell CS, Starkman S, Eckstein M, et al. Identifying stroke in the fields. Prospective validation of the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS). Stroke 2000, 31:71-76.
33. Kothari R, Hall K, Brott T, et al. Early stroke recognition: Developing an out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale. Acad Emerg Med 1997, 4:986-990.
34. Kothari R, Pancioli A, Liu T, et al. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale: Reproducibility and validity. Ann Emerg Med 1999, 33:373-378.
35. Aufderheide T, Hendley GE, Thakur RK, et al. The diagnostic impact of prehospital 12-lead electrocardiography. Ann Emerg Med 1990, 19:1280-1287.
36. Aufderheide T, Hendley GE, Woo J, et al. A prospective evaluation of prehospital 12-lead ECG application in chest pain patients. J Electrocardiol 1992, 24:8-13.
37. Foster D, Dufendach JH, Barkdoll CM, et al. Prehospital recognition of AMI using independent nurse/paramedic 12-lead ECG evaluation: Impact on in-hospital times to thrombolysis in a rural community hospital. Am J Emerg Med 1994, 12:25-31.
38. Racht E Prehospital 12-lead ECG: An evolving standard of care in EMS systems. Emerg Med Serv 2001, 30:105-107.
39. Alberts MJ, Hademenos G, Latchaw RE, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of primary stroke centers. JAMA 2000, 283:3102-3109.
40. Sahni R Acute stroke: Implications for prehospital care. National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee. Prehosp Emerg Care 2000, 4:270-272.
41. Bock B Response system for patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Proceedings of a National Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Stroke 1997, 55-57. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD. J. Marler, P. Winters-Jones, M. Emr (Eds.).
42. Anonymous Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemia stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:1581-1587.
43. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction II (NRMI II). Quarterly Data Report, 1996: Ohio Data (September). San Francisco, Genentech, 1996.
44. Emergency department Rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee, 60 Minutes To Treatment Working Group. Ann Emerg Med 1994, 23:311-329.
45. Baraff L, Lee TJ, Kader S, et al. Effect of a practice guideline on the process of emergency department care of falls in elder patients. Acad Emerg Med 1999, 6:1216-1223.
46. Bonnono C, Criddle LM, Lutsep H, et al. Emergi-paths and stroke teams: An emergency department approach to acute ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Nurs 2000, 32:298-305.
47. Walls R The decision to intubate. Manual of Emergency Airway Management 2000, 3-7. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. R. Walls (Ed.).
48. Walls R, Murphy M Increased intracranial pressure. Manual of Emergency Airway Management 2000, 159-163. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. R. Walls (Ed.).
49. Pancioli AM, Bullard MJ, Grulee ME, et al. Supplemental oxygen use in ischemic stroke patients: Does utilization correspond to need for oxygen therapy?. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:49-52.
50. Adams H, Brott T, Crowell R, et al. Guidelines for management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1994, 25:1902-1914.
51. Lisk D, Grotta JC, Lamki LM, et al. Should hypertension be treated after acute stroke? A randomized controlled trial using single photon emission computed tomography. Arch Neurol 1993, 50:855-862.
52. Powers W Acute hypertension after stroke: The scientific basis for treatment decisions. Neurology 1993, 43:461-467.
53. Adams H, Brott T, Furlan T, et al. Guidelines for thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke: A supplement to the Guidelines for the Management Of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (AHA Medical/Scientific Statement). Circulation 1996, 94:1167-1174.
54. Dimant J, Grob D Electrocardiographic changes and myocardial damage in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Stroke 1977, 8:448-455.
55. Azzimondi G, Bassein L, Nonino F, et al. Fever in acute stroke worsens prognosis. A prospective study. Stroke 1995, 26:2040-2043.
56. Hajat C, Hajat S, Sharma P Effects of post-stroke pyrexia on stroke outcome: A meta-analysis of studies in patients. Stroke 2000, 31:410-414.
57. Reith J, Jorgensen H, Pedersen PM, et al. Body temperature in acute stroke: Relation to stroke severity, infarct size, mortality, and outcome. Lancet 1996, 347:422-425.
58. Schwab S, Spranger M, Aschoff A, et al. Brain temperature monitoring and modulation in patients with severe MCA infarction. Neurology 1997, 48:762-767.
59. Bernard S, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:557-563.
60. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest The Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:549-556.
61. Shah M, Biller J Medical and surgical management of intracerebral hemorrhage. Semin Neurol 1998, 18:513-519.
62. McDowell F, Brott T, Goldstein M, et al. Stroke: The first hours, emergency evaluation, and treatment. National Stroke Association Consensus Statement. Stroke Clinical Update 1997, 1-14. National Stroke Association, Englewood, CO. Special Edition.
63. Libman R, Wirkowski E, Alvir J, et al. Conditions that mimic stroke in the emergency department: Implications for acute stroke trials. Arch Neurol 1995, 52:1119-1122.
64. Roth EJ, Lovell L, Harvey RL, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for medical complications during stroke rehabilitation. Stroke 2001, 32:523-529.
65. The Study Group on TIA Criteria and Detection XI. Transient focal cerebral ischemia: Epidemiologic and clinical aspects. Stroke 1974, 5:277-284.
66. Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easter JD, et al. Transient ischemic attack-proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:1713-1716.
67. Brown RJ, Petty GW, O'Fallon WM, et al. Incidence of transient ischemic attack in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985-1989. Stroke 1998, 29:2109-2113.
68. Broderick J, Brott T, Kothari R, et al. The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: Preliminary first-ever total incidence rates of stroke among blacks. Stroke 1998, 29:415-421.
69. Williams G, Jiang JG, Matchar DB, et al. Incidence and occurrence of total (first-ever and recurrent) stroke. Stroke 1999, 30:2523-2528.
70. National Stroke Association TIA/Mini Strokes: Public Knowledge and Experience-Roper Starch Worldwide Survey. Roper Starch Worldwide 2000, 55. National Stroke Association, Englewood, CO.
71. Brott T, Broderick J, Kothari R, et al. Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1997, 28:1-5.
72. Broderick J, Brott T, Duldner J, et al. Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage: A powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality. Stroke 1993, 24:987-993.
73. Lisk D, Pasteur W, Rhoades H, et al. Early presentation of hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage: Prediction of outcome and guidelines for treatment allocation. Neurology 1994, 44:133-139.
74. Kothari R, Brott T, Broderick J, et al. The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volume. Stroke 1996, 27:1304-1305.
75. Morgenstern L, Huber JC, Luna-Gonzales H, et al. Headache in the emergency department. Headache 2001, 41:537-541.
76. Whisnant JP, Sacco SE, O'Fallon WF, et al. Referral bias in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1993, 78:726-732.
77. Sidman R, Connolly E, Lemke T Subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis: Lumbar puncture is still needed when the computed tomography scan is normal. Acad Emerg Med 1996, 3:827-831.
78. Edlow JA, Wyer PC How good is a negative cranial computed tomographic scan result in excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage?. Ann Emerg Med 2000, 36:507-517.
79. Prosser RL, Edlow JA, Wyer PC Feedback: Computed tomography for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med 2001, 37:679-680.
80. Sames TA, Storrow AB, Finkelstein JA, et al. Sensitivity of new-generation computed tomography in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acad Emerg Med 1996, 3:16-20.
81. Morgenstern LB, Luna-Gonzales H, Huber JC, et al. Worst headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage: Prospective, modern computed tomography and spinal fluid analysis. Ann Emerg Med 1998, 32:297-304.
82. Bernardini GL, DeShaies RM Critical care of intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001, 1:568-576.
83. Biller J, Godersky JC, Adams HP Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1988, 19:1300.
84. Whisnant J, Matsumoto N, Elveback L Transient cerebral ischemic attacks in a community-Rochester, Minnesota, 1955 through 1969. Mayo Clin Proc 1973, 48:194-198.
85. Johnston S, Gress DR, Browner WS, et al. Short-term prognosis after emergency-department diagnosis of transient ischemic attack. JAMA 2000, 284:2901-2906.
86. Thurman J, Jauch EC Emergency department management of acute ischemic stroke. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002, 20:609-630.