Focal plane array detector-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging for the analysis of microplastics in environmental samples

Environmental Chemistry

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 563-581

  Löder, Martin Günter Joachim ^a,b   Kuczera, Mirco ^a   Mintenig, Svenja ^a   Lorenz, Claudia ^a   Gerdts, Gunnar ^a  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

microplastic analysis; microplastic detection; microplastic identification.

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; ARRAY; DEEP SEA; FILTER; FOURIER TRANSFORM; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MARINE POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PLANKTON; PLASTIC; POLYMER; RESOLUTION; SAMPLING;

EID: 84942568996     PISSN: 14482517     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/EN14205     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. R. C. Thompson, S. H. Swan, C. J. Moore, F. S. vom Saal, Our plastic age. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2009, 364, 1973. doi:10. 1098/RSTB. 2009. 0054
2. D. W. Laist, Overview of the biological effects of lost and discarded plastic debris in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1987, 18, 319. doi:10. 1016/S0025-326X(87)80019-X
3. M. Cole, P. Lindeque, C. Halsband, T. S. Galloway, Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62, 2588. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2011. 09. 025
4. S. L. Wright, R. C. Thompson, T. S. Galloway, The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 178, 483. doi:10. 1016/J. ENVPOL. 2013. 02. 031
5. A. T. Pruter, Sources, quantities and distribution of persistent plastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1987, 18, 305. doi:10. 1016/S0025-326X(87)80016-4
6. A. L. Andrady, Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62, 1596. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2011. 05. 030
7. D. K. Barnes, F. Galgani, R. C. Thompson, M. Barlaz, Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2009, 364, 1985. doi:10. 1098/ RSTB. 2008. 0205
8. J. G. B. Derraik, The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44, 842. doi:10. 1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5
9. M. A. Browne, P. Crump, S. J. Niven, E. Teuten, A. Tonkin, T. S. Galloway, R. C. Thompson, Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 9175. doi:10. 1021/ES201811S
10. S. B. Sheavly, K. M. Register, Marine debris & plastics: environmental concerns, sources, impacts and solutions. J. Polym. Environ. 2007, 15, 301. doi:10. 1007/S10924-007-0074-3
11. I. A. Hinojosa, M. Thiel, Floating marine debris in fjords, gulfs and channels of southern Chile. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2009, 58, 341. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2008. 10. 020
12. C. A. Ribic, S. B. Sheavly, D. J. Rugg, E. S. Erdmann, Trends and drivers of marine debris on the Atlantic coast of the United States 1997-2007. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2010, 60, 1231. doi:10. 1016/J. MAR POLBUL. 2010. 03. 021
13. R. C. Thompson, Y. Olsen, R. P. Mitchell, A. Davis, S. J. Rowland, A. W. G. John, D. McGonigle, A. E. Russell, Lost at sea: where is all the plastic. Science 2004, 304, 838. doi:10. 1126/SCIENCE. 1094559
14. J. B. Colton, F. D. Knapp, B. R. Burns, Plastic particles in surface waters of Northwestern Atlantic. Science 1974, 185, 491. doi:10. 1126/ SCIENCE. 185. 4150. 491
15. M. R. Gregory, Accumulation and distribution of virgin plastic granules on New Zealand beaches. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 1978, 12, 399. doi:10. 1080/00288330. 1978. 9515768
16. V. Hidalgo-Ruz, L. Gutow, R. C. Thompson, M. Thiel, Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 3060. doi:10. 1021/ES2031505
17. F. Galgani, G. Hanke, S. Werner, L. Oosterbaan, P. Nilsson, D. Fleet, S. Kinsey, R. C. Thompson, J. A. van Franeker, T. Vlachogianni, M. Scoullos, J. M. Veiga, A. Palatinus, M. Matiddi, T. Maes, S. Korpinen, A. Budziak, H. Leslie, J. Gago, G. Liebezeit, Guidance on Monitoring of Marine Litter in European Seas. EUR-Scientific and Technical Research series, European Commission, EUR 26113 EN 2013 (Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg). doi:10. 2788/99475
18. M. A. Browne, T. S. Galloway, R. C. Thompson, Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3404. doi:10. 1021/ES903784E
19. V. Hidalgo-Ruz, M. Thiel, Distribution and abundance of small plastic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): A study supported by a citizen science project. Mar. Environ. Res. 2013, 87-88, 12. doi:10. 1016/J. MARENVRES. 2013. 02. 015
20. K. L. Ng, J. P. Obbard, Prevalence of microplastics in Singapore's coastal marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2006, 52, 761. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2005. 11. 017
21. M. Claessens, S. De Meester, L. Van Landuyt, K. De Clerck, C. R. Janssen, Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62, 2199. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2011. 06. 030
22. L. Van Cauwenberghe, A. Vanreusel, J. Mees, C. R. Janssen, Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 182, 495. doi:10. 1016/J. ENVPOL. 2013. 08. 013
23. A. Vianello, A. Boldrin, P. Guerriero, V. Moschino, R. Rella, A. Sturaro, L. Da Ros, Microplastic particles in sediments of Lagoon of Venice, Italy: First observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2013, 130, 54. doi:10. 1016/ J. ECSS. 2013. 03. 022
24. E. J. Carpenter, S. J. Anderson, G. R. Harvey, H. P. Miklas, B. B. Peck, Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters. Science 1972, 178, 749. doi:10. 1126/SCIENCE. 178. 4062. 749
25. E. J. Carpenter, K. L. Smith Jr, Plastics on the Sargasso sea surface. Science 1972, 175, 1240. doi:10. 1126/SCIENCE. 175. 4027. 1240
26. M. R. Gregory, Virgin plastic granules on some beaches of Eastern Canada and Bermuda. Mar. Environ. Res. 1983, 10, 73. doi:10. 1016/ 0141-1136(83)90011-9
27. M. Cole, P. Lindeque, E. Fileman, C. Halsband, R. Goodhead, J. Moger, T. S. Galloway, Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 6646.
28. A. Ugolini, G. Ungherese, M. Ciofini, A. Lapucci, M. Camaiti, Microplastic debris in sandhoppers. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2013, 129, 19. doi:10. 1016/J. ECSS. 2013. 05. 026
29. E. M. Foekema, C. De Gruijter, M. T. Mergia, J. A. van Franeker, A. J. Murk, A. A. Koelmans, Plastic in North Sea fish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 8818.
30. F. Murray, P. R. Cowie, Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62, 1207. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2011. 03. 032
31. M. A. Browne, A. Dissanayake, T. S. Galloway, D. M. Lowe, R. C. Thompson, Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 5026. doi:10. 1021/ES800249A
32. A. Bakir, S. J. Rowland, R. C. Thompson, Competitive sorption of persistent organic pollutants onto microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64, 2782. doi:10. 1016/ J. MARPOLBUL. 2012. 09. 010
33. R. E. Engler, The complex interaction between marine debris and toxic chemicals in the ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 12302. doi:10. 1021/ES3027105
34. L. M. Rios, C. Moore, P. R. Jones, Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the ocean environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2007, 54, 1230. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2007. 03. 022
35. E. L. Teuten, J. M. Saquing, D. R. Knappe, M. A. Barlaz, S. Jonsson, A. Bjorn, S. J. Rowland, R. C. Thompson, T. S. Galloway, R. Yamashita, D. Ochi, Y. Watanuki, C. Moore, P. H. Viet, T. S. Tana, M. Prudente, R. Boonyatumanond, M. P. Zakaria, K. Akkhavong,Y. Ogata, H. Hirai, S. Iwasa, K. Mizukawa, Y. Hagino, A. Imamura, M. Saha, H. Takada, Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2009, 364, 2027. doi:10. 1098/RSTB. 2008. 0284
36. C. M. Rochman, E. Hoh, T. Kurobe, S. J. Teh, Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3263. doi:10. 1038/SREP03263
37. E. Besseling, A. Wegner, E. M. Foekema, M. J. van den Heuvel-Greve, A. A. Koelmans, Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 593. doi:10. 1021/ES302763X
38. Y. Mato, T. Isobe, H. Takada, H. Kanehiro, C. Ohtake, T. Kaminuma, Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 318. doi:10. 1021/ES0010498
39. T. Gouin, N. Roche, R. Lohmann, G. Hodges, A thermodynamic approach for assessing the environmental exposure of chemicals absorbed to microplastic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 1466. doi:10. 1021/ES1032025
40. A. A. Koelmans, E. Besseling, A. Wegner, E. M. Foekema, Plastic as a carrier of POPs to aquatic organisms: a model analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 7812. doi:10. 1021/ES401169N
41. C. C. Ebbesmeyer, W. J. Ingraham, Pacific toy spill fuels ocean current pathways research. Eos Trans. AGU 1994, 75, 425. doi:10. 1029/94EO01056
42. J. P. Harrison, M. Sapp, M. Schratzberger, A. M. Osborn, Interactions between microorganisms and marine microplastics: a call for research. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 2011, 45, 12. doi:10. 4031/MTSJ. 45. 2. 2
43. E. R. Zettler, T. J. Mincer, L. A. Amaral-Zettler, Life in the 'Plastisphere': microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 7137.
44. A. McCormick, T. J. Hoellein, S. A. Mason, J. Schluep, J. J. Kelly, Microplastic is an abundant and distinct microbial habitat in an urban river. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 11863. doi:10. 1021/ ES503610R
45. M. Claessens, L. Van Cauwenberghe, M. B. Vandegehuchte, C. R. Janssen, New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2013, 70, 227. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2013. 03. 009
46. H. K. Imhof, J. Schmid, R. Niessner, N. P. Ivleva, C. Laforsch, A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 2012, 10, 524.
47. M.-T. Nuelle, J. H. Dekiff, D. Remy, E. Fries, A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environ. Pollut. 2014, 184, 161. doi:10. 1016/J. ENVPOL. 2013. 07. 027
48. S. Moret-Ferguson, K. L. Law, G. Proskurowski, E. K. Murphy, E. E. Peacock, C. M. Reddy, The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2010, 60, 1873. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2010. 07. 020
49. M. J. Doyle, W. Watson, N. M. Bowlin, S. B. Sheavly, Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean. Mar. Environ. Res. 2011, 71, 41. doi:10. 1016/J. MARENVRES. 2010. 10. 001
50. G. Liebezeit, F. Dubaish, Microplastics in beaches of the East Frisian Islands Spiekeroog and Kachelotplate. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2012, 89, 213. doi:10. 1007/S00128-012-0642-7
51. F. Noren, Small Plastic Particles in Coastal Swedish Waters 2007 (KIMO Sweden, N-Research: Lysekil, Sweden).
52. F. Noren, L.-J. Naustvoll, Survey of Microscopic Anthropogenic Particles in Skagerrak. Report TA 2779 2010 (Klima-og forurensningsdirektoratet, N-Research Lysekil & Havforskningsinstituttet, Flødevigen). Available at www. miljodirektoratet. no/old/klif/ publikasjoner/2779/ta2779. pdf [Verified 23 July 2015].
53. F. Dubaish, G. Liebezeit, Suspended microplastics and black carbon particles in the Jade system, Southern North Sea. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2013, 224, 1352. doi:10. 1007/S11270-012-1352-9
54. M. Eriksen, S. Mason, S. Wilson, C. Box, A. Zellers, W. Edwards, H. Farley, S. Amato, Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2013, 77, 177. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2013. 10. 007
55. M. G. J. Löder, G. Gerdts, Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics-A critical appraisal, in Marine Anthropogenic Litter (Eds M. Bergmann, L. Gutow, M. Klages) 2015, pp. 201-227 (Springer: Berlin).
56. J. H. Dekiff, D. Remy, J. Klasmeier, E. Fries, Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments from Norderney. Environ. Pollut. 2014, 186, 248. doi:10. 1016/J. ENVPOL. 2013. 11. 019
57. E. Fries, J. H. Dekiff, J. Willmeyer, M. T. Nuelle, M. Ebert, D. Remy, Identification of polymer types and additives in marine microplastic particles using pyrolysis-GC/MS and scanning electron microscopy. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 2013, 15, 1949. doi:10. 1039/ C3EM00214D
58. H. K. Imhof, N. P. Ivleva, J. Schmid, R. Niessner, C. Laforsch, Contamination of beach sediments of a subalpine lake with microplastic particles. Curr. Biol. 2013, 23, R867. doi:10. 1016/J. CUB. 2013. 09. 001
59. J. P. Harrison, J. J. Ojeda, M. E. Romero-Gonzalez, The applicability of reflectance micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the detection of synthetic microplastics in marine sediments. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 416, 455. doi:10. 1016/J. SCITOTENV. 2011. 11. 078
60. J. Frias, P. Sobral, A. M. Ferreira, Organic pollutants in microplastics from two beaches of the Portuguese coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2010, 60, 1988. doi:10. 1016/J. MARPOLBUL. 2010. 07. 030
61. M. S. Reddy, S. Basha, S. Adimurthy, G. Ramachandraiah, Description of the small plastics fragments in marine sediments along the Alang-Sosiya ship-breaking yard, India. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2006, 68, 656. doi:10. 1016/J. ECSS. 2006. 03. 018
62. I. W. Levin, R. Bhargava, Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopic imaging: Integrating microscopy and molecular recognition. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2005, 56, 429. doi:10. 1146/ ANNUREV. PHYSCHEM. 56. 092503. 141205
63. B. Stuart, Infrared Spectroscopy-Fundamentals and Applications 2004 (Wiley: Chichester, UK).
64. J. Coates, Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (Ed. R. A. Meyers) 2000, pp. 10815-10837 (Wiley: Chichester, UK).
65. J. J. Ojeda, M. E. Romero-González, S. A. Banwart, Analysis of bacteria on steel surfaces using reflectance micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 6467. doi:10. 1021/ AC900841C
66. R. R. Bhargava, T. Ribar, J. L. Koenig, Towards faster FTIR imaging by reducing noise. Appl. Spectrosc. 1999, 53, 1313. doi:10. 1366/ 0003702991945812
67. Plastics-The Facts 2013, an Analysis of European Latest Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data 2013 (Plastics Europe, Association of Plastic Manufacturers: Brussels). Available at http:// www. plasticseurope. org/documents/document/20131014095824-final-plastics-the-facts-2013-published-october2013. pdf [Verified 3 February 2014].