메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 497-503

Sleep in caregivers: What we know and what we need to learn

Author keywords

3P model; Caregivers; Insomnia; Sleep

Indexed keywords

ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY; CAREGIVER; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL RESEARCH; DISABLED PERSON; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; INTERVENTION STUDY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SLEEP; SLEEP QUALITY; TELEMEDICINE; VETERAN; WELLBEING; ADULT; COMPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETIOLOGY; MENTAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS;

EID: 84942523774     PISSN: 09517367     EISSN: 14736578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000205     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (77)

References (54)
  • 2
    • 84875948802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep disturbance in family caregivers of individuals with dementia: A review of the literature
    • Peng H, Chang Y. Sleep disturbance in family caregivers of individuals with dementia: a review of the literature. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2013; 49:135-146.
    • (2013) Perspect Psychiatr Care , vol.49 , pp. 135-146
    • Peng, H.1    Chang, Y.2
  • 3
    • 0006785536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment techniques for insomnia
    • Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors Philadelphia: Saunders;
    • Spielman AJ, Yang C, Glovinsky PB. Assessment techniques for insomnia. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2000. pp. 1239-1250.
    • (2000) Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine , pp. 1239-1250
    • Spielman, A.J.1    Yang, C.2    Glovinsky, P.B.3
  • 4
    • 84897116551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is predisposed to insomnia: A review of familial aggregation, stress-reactivity, personality and coping style
    • Harvey CJ, Gehrman P, Espie CA. Who is predisposed to insomnia: a review of familial aggregation, stress-reactivity, personality and coping style. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:237-247.
    • (2014) Sleep Med Rev , vol.18 , pp. 237-247
    • Harvey, C.J.1    Gehrman, P.2    Espie, C.A.3
  • 5
    • 84896976662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of insomnia: Evidence for epigenetic mechanisms?
    • Palagini L, Biber K, Riemann D. The genetics of insomnia: evidence for epigenetic mechanisms? Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:225-235.
    • (2014) Sleep Med Rev , vol.18 , pp. 225-235
    • Palagini, L.1    Biber, K.2    Riemann, D.3
  • 6
    • 84906489001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep and inflammation in resilient aging
    • Irwin MR. Sleep and inflammation in resilient aging. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140009.
    • (2014) Interface Focus , vol.4 , pp. 20140009
    • Irwin, M.R.1
  • 7
    • 84895191651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-year trend of insomnia prevalence in the adult Norwegian population
    • Pallesen S, Sivertsen B, Nordhus IH, Bjorvatn B. A 10-year trend of insomnia prevalence in the adult Norwegian population. Sleep Med 2014; 15:173-179.
    • (2014) Sleep Med , vol.15 , pp. 173-179
    • Pallesen, S.1    Sivertsen, B.2    Nordhus, I.H.3    Bjorvatn, B.4
  • 8
    • 84916237439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the relationship between subjective sleep disturbance and menopause: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Xu Q, Lang CP. Examining the relationship between subjective sleep disturbance and menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 2014; 21:1301-1318.
    • (2014) Menopause , vol.21 , pp. 1301-1318
    • Xu, Q.1    Lang, C.P.2
  • 10
    • 81055124104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taboo within a stigma? A qualitative study of managing incontinence with people with dementia living at home
    • Drennan VM, Cole L, Iliffe S. A taboo within a stigma? A qualitative study of managing incontinence with people with dementia living at home. BMC Geriatr 2011; 11:75.
    • (2011) BMC Geriatr , vol.11 , pp. 75
    • Drennan, V.M.1    Cole, L.2    Iliffe, S.3
  • 11
    • 84903940343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive profile of the socio-demographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of Ontario home care clients with dementia
    • Vu M, Hogan DB, Patten SB, et al. A comprehensive profile of the socio-demographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of Ontario home care clients with dementia. Chronic Dis Inj Can 2014; 34:132-144.
    • (2014) Chronic Dis Inj Can , vol.34 , pp. 132-144
    • Vu, M.1    Hogan, D.B.2    Patten, S.B.3
  • 12
    • 84919429768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired autonomic nervous system activity during sleep in family caregivers of ambulatory dementia patients in Japan
    • Sakurai S, Onishi J, Hirai M. Impaired autonomic nervous system activity during sleep in family caregivers of ambulatory dementia patients in Japan. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 17:21-28.
    • (2015) Biol Res Nurs , vol.17 , pp. 21-28
    • Sakurai, S.1    Onishi, J.2    Hirai, M.3
  • 13
    • 84896778616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregiver burden: A clinical review
    • Adelman RD, Tmanova LL, Delgado D, et al. Caregiver burden: a clinical review. JAMA 2014; 311:1052-1060.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.311 , pp. 1052-1060
    • Adelman, R.D.1    Tmanova, L.L.2    Delgado, D.3
  • 14
    • 84899647436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the sleep problems of people with dementia and their family caregivers
    • Gibson RH, Gander PH, Jones LM. Understanding the sleep problems of people with dementia and their family caregivers. Dementia 2014; 13:350-365.
    • (2014) Dementia , vol.13 , pp. 350-365
    • Gibson, R.H.1    Gander, P.H.2    Jones, L.M.3
  • 15
    • 84901540839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders
    • Depner CM, Stothard ER, Wright KP. Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14:507.
    • (2014) Curr Diab Rep , vol.14 , pp. 507
    • Depner, C.M.1    Stothard, E.R.2    Wright, K.P.3
  • 16
    • 84894385963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between insomnia symptoms and mortality: A prospective study of U.S. Men
    • Li Y, Zhang X, Winkelman JW, et al. Association between insomnia symptoms and mortality: a prospective study of U.S. men. Circulation 2014; 129:737-746.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 737-746
    • Li, Y.1    Zhang, X.2    Winkelman, J.W.3
  • 17
    • 84890494664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
    • Sofi F, Cesari F, Casini A, et al. Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 21:57-64.
    • (2014) Eur J Prev Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 57-64
    • Sofi, F.1    Cesari, F.2    Casini, A.3
  • 18
    • 84922332594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between insomnia symptoms and functional status in U.S. Older adults
    • Spira AP, Kaufmann CN, Kasper JD, et al. Association between insomnia symptoms and functional status in U.S. older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 69:S35-S41.
    • (2014) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , vol.69 , pp. S35-S41
    • Spira, A.P.1    Kaufmann, C.N.2    Kasper, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 84907977179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults
    • Yaffe K, Falvey CM, Hoang T. Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:1017-1028.
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 1017-1028
    • Yaffe, K.1    Falvey, C.M.2    Hoang, T.3
  • 20
    • 84897574564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and functional consequences of caregiving for relatives with dementia
    • Fonareva I, Oken BS. Physiological and functional consequences of caregiving for relatives with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 26:725-747.
    • (2014) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.26 , pp. 725-747
    • Fonareva, I.1    Oken, B.S.2
  • 21
    • 84942524532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impact of caregiving and metabolic syndrome with perceived decline in cognitive function 8 years later: A pilot study suggesting important avenues for future research
    • Brummett BH, Austin SB, Welsh-Bohmer KA, et al. Long-term impact of caregiving and metabolic syndrome with perceived decline in cognitive function 8 years later: a pilot study suggesting important avenues for future research. Open J Med Psychol 2013; 2:23-28.
    • (2013) Open J Med Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 23-28
    • Brummett, B.H.1    Austin, S.B.2    Welsh-Bohmer, K.A.3
  • 22
    • 84920822825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer caregiving predicts physical impairments: Roles of earlier caregiving stress and being a spousal caregiver
    • Kim Y, Carver CS, Shaffer KM, et al. Cancer caregiving predicts physical impairments: roles of earlier caregiving stress and being a spousal caregiver. Cancer Nursing 2015; 121:302-310.
    • (2015) Cancer Nursing , vol.121 , pp. 302-310
    • Kim, Y.1    Carver, C.S.2    Shaffer, K.M.3
  • 23
    • 79956021303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does caring for a spouse with dementia promote cognitive decline? A hypothesis and proposed mechanisms
    • Vitaliano PP, Murphy M, Young HM, et al. Does caring for a spouse with dementia promote cognitive decline? A hypothesis and proposed mechanisms. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:900-908.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. 900-908
    • Vitaliano, P.P.1    Murphy, M.2    Young, H.M.3
  • 24
    • 84896404625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household members of persons with Alzheimer's disease: Health conditions, healthcare resource use, and healthcare costs
    • Suehs BT, Shah SN, Davis CD, et al. Household members of persons with Alzheimer's disease: health conditions, healthcare resource use, and healthcare costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:435-441.
    • (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.62 , pp. 435-441
    • Suehs, B.T.1    Shah, S.N.2    Davis, C.D.3
  • 25
    • 0031944771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful behavioral treatment for reported sleep problems in elderly caregivers of dementia patients: A controlled study
    • McCurry SM, Logsdon RG, Vitiello MV, Teri L. Successful behavioral treatment for reported sleep problems in elderly caregivers of dementia patients: a controlled study. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1998; 53B:122-129.
    • (1998) J Gerontol Psychol Sci , vol.53 B , pp. 122-129
    • McCurry, S.M.1    Logsdon, R.G.2    Vitiello, M.V.3    Teri, L.4
  • 26
    • 84904571939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of central meditation and imagery therapy for dementia caregivers
    • Jain FA, Nazarian N, Lavretsky H. Feasibility of central meditation and imagery therapy for dementia caregivers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:870-876.
    • (2014) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 870-876
    • Jain, F.A.1    Nazarian, N.2    Lavretsky, H.3
  • 27
    • 84930429033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of mindfulness training for patients with progressive cognitive decline and their caregivers
    • Paller KA, Creery JD, Florczak SM, et al. Benefits of mindfulness training for patients with progressive cognitive decline and their caregivers. Am J Alzhei-mers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:257-267.
    • (2015) Am J Alzhei-mers Dis Other Demen , vol.30 , pp. 257-267
    • Paller, K.A.1    Creery, J.D.2    Florczak, S.M.3
  • 28
    • 84860814997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Cheng SK, Dizon J. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2012; 81:206-216.
    • (2012) Psychother Psychosom , vol.81 , pp. 206-216
    • Cheng, S.K.1    Dizon, J.2
  • 29
    • 84942548294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep telemedicine: A survey study of patient preferences
    • Kelly JM, Schwamm LH, Bianchi MT. Sleep telemedicine: a survey study of patient preferences. ISRN Neurol 2012; 2012:135329.
    • (2012) ISRN Neurol , vol.2012 , pp. 135329
    • Kelly, J.M.1    Schwamm, L.H.2    Bianchi, M.T.3
  • 30
    • 84928104782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral activation for dementia caregivers: Scheduling pleasant events and enhancing communications
    • Au A, Gallagher-Thompson D, Wong MK, et al. Behavioral activation for dementia caregivers: scheduling pleasant events and enhancing communications. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:611-619.
    • (2015) Clin Interv Aging , vol.10 , pp. 611-619
    • Au, A.1    Gallagher-Thompson, D.2    Wong, M.K.3
  • 31
    • 84895818284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of Internet-based supportive interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia
    • Boots LM, de Vugt ME, van Knippenberg RJ, et al. A systematic review of Internet-based supportive interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:331-344.
    • (2014) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 331-344
    • Boots, L.M.1    De Vugt, M.E.2    Van Knippenberg, R.J.3
  • 32
    • 84942511361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do technology-based support groups reduce care burden among dementia caregivers? A review
    • Lee E. Do technology-based support groups reduce care burden among dementia caregivers? A review. J Evid Inf Soc Work 2015; 12:474-487.
    • (2015) J Evid Inf Soc Work , vol.12 , pp. 474-487
    • Lee, E.1
  • 33
    • 84897635686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of an Internet support forum for carers of people with dementia: A prepost cohort study
    • McKechnie V, Barker C, Stott J. The effectiveness of an Internet support forum for carers of people with dementia: a prepost cohort study. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e68.
    • (2014) J Med Internet Res , vol.16 , pp. e68
    • McKechnie, V.1    Barker, C.2    Stott, J.3
  • 34
    • 84899823541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtually supportive: A feasibility pilot study of an online support group for dementia caregivers in a 3D virtual environment
    • O'Connor MF, Arizmendi BJ, Kaszniak AW. Virtually supportive: a feasibility pilot study of an online support group for dementia caregivers in a 3D virtual environment. J Aging Stud 2014; 30:87-93.
    • (2014) J Aging Stud , vol.30 , pp. 87-93
    • O'Connor, M.F.1    Arizmendi, B.J.2    Kaszniak, A.W.3
  • 35
    • 84936890896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptability of a guided self-help Internet intervention for family caregivers: Mastery over dementia
    • Pot AM, Blom MM, Willemse BM. Acceptability of a guided self-help Internet intervention for family caregivers: mastery over dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27:1343-1354.
    • (2015) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.27 , pp. 1343-1354
    • Pot, A.M.1    Blom, M.M.2    Willemse, B.M.3
  • 36
    • 84929277941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Tremont G, Davis JD, Papandonatos GD, et al. Psychosocial telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: a randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimer Dement 2015; 11:541-548.
    • (2015) Alzheimer Dement , vol.11 , pp. 541-548
    • Tremont, G.1    Davis, J.D.2    Papandonatos, G.D.3
  • 37
    • 84897573375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Participation of end users in the design of assistive technology for people with mild to severe cognitive problems: The European Rosetta project
    • Meiland FJ, Hattink BJ, Overmars-Marx T, et al. Participation of end users in the design of assistive technology for people with mild to severe cognitive problems: The European Rosetta project. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 26:769-779.
    • (2014) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.26 , pp. 769-779
    • Meiland, F.J.1    Hattink, B.J.2    Overmars-Marx, T.3
  • 38
    • 77956116075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep in dementia caregivers and the effect of a nighttime monitoring system
    • Rowe MA, Kairalla JA, McCrae CS. Sleep in dementia caregivers and the effect of a nighttime monitoring system. J Nurs Scholarsh 2010; 42:338-347.
    • (2010) J Nurs Scholarsh , vol.42 , pp. 338-347
    • Rowe, M.A.1    Kairalla, J.A.2    McCrae, C.S.3
  • 39
    • 84903896753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing dementia symptoms and needs using technology
    • Kerssens C, Sattler M, Monteiro A. Managing dementia symptoms and needs using technology. J Gerontol Nurs 2014; 40:16-20.
    • (2014) J Gerontol Nurs , vol.40 , pp. 16-20
    • Kerssens, C.1    Sattler, M.2    Monteiro, A.3
  • 40
    • 84942548295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in sleep predict changes in affect in older caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's dementia: A multilevel model approach
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • McCrae CS, Dzierzewski JM, McNamara JP, et al. Changes in sleep predict changes in affect in older caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's dementia: a multilevel model approach. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
    • McCrae, C.S.1    Dzierzewski, J.M.2    McNamara, J.P.3
  • 43
    • 84929025095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep characteristics of veterans affairs adult day healthcare participants
    • Hughes JM, Martin JL. Sleep characteristics of veterans affairs adult day healthcare participants. Behav Sleep Med 2015; 13:197-207.
    • (2015) Behav Sleep Med , vol.13 , pp. 197-207
    • Hughes, J.M.1    Martin, J.L.2
  • 44
    • 66149085710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective sleep, burden, depression, and general health among caregivers of veterans poststroke
    • Rittman M, Hinojosa MS, Findley K. Subjective sleep, burden, depression, and general health among caregivers of veterans poststroke. J Neurosci Nurs 2009; 41:39-52.
    • (2009) J Neurosci Nurs , vol.41 , pp. 39-52
    • Rittman, M.1    Hinojosa, M.S.2    Findley, K.3
  • 45
    • 79952227505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translation of a dementia caregiver support program in a healthcare system: REACH VA
    • Nichols LO, Martindale-Adams J, Burns R, et al. Translation of a dementia caregiver support program in a healthcare system: REACH VA. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171:353-359.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Med , vol.171 , pp. 353-359
    • Nichols, L.O.1    Martindale-Adams, J.2    Burns, R.3
  • 46
    • 84959866557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REACH VA: Moving from translation to system implementation
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Nichols LO, Martindale-Adams J, Burns R, et al. REACH VA: moving from translation to system implementation. Gerontologist 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
    • Gerontologist 2014
    • Nichols, L.O.1    Martindale-Adams, J.2    Burns, R.3
  • 47
    • 84922070326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on suicidal ideation in veterans
    • Trockel M, Karlin BE, Taylor CB, et al. Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on suicidal ideation in veterans. Sleep 2015; 38:259-265.
    • (2015) Sleep , vol.38 , pp. 259-265
    • Trockel, M.1    Karlin, B.E.2    Taylor, C.B.3
  • 48
    • 67651040062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences of male patients and wife-caregivers in the first year postdischarge following minor stroke: A descriptive qualitative study
    • Green TL, King KM. Experiences of male patients and wife-caregivers in the first year postdischarge following minor stroke: a descriptive qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2009; 46:1194-1200.
    • (2009) Int J Nurs Stud , vol.46 , pp. 1194-1200
    • Green, T.L.1    King, K.M.2
  • 49
    • 84893731874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported physical symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors: Pilot exploration over four months post-ICU discharge
    • Choi J, Hoffman LA, Schulz R, et al. Self-reported physical symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors: pilot exploration over four months post-ICU discharge. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 47:257-270.
    • (2014) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.47 , pp. 257-270
    • Choi, J.1    Hoffman, L.A.2    Schulz, R.3
  • 50
    • 84923421372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue in family caregivers of adult intensive care unit survivors
    • Choi J, Tate JA, Hoffman LA, et al. Fatigue in family caregivers of adult intensive care unit survivors. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 48:953-963.
    • (2014) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.48 , pp. 953-963
    • Choi, J.1    Tate, J.A.2    Hoffman, L.A.3
  • 51
    • 0002492225 scopus 로고
    • Family caregivers of aging adults with disabilities: A review of the caregiving literature
    • Roberto KA, editor Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications;
    • Roberto KA. Family caregivers of aging adults with disabilities: a review of the caregiving literature. In: Roberto KA, editor. The elderly caregiver: caring for adults with developmental disabilities. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1993; pp. 3-20.
    • (1993) The Elderly Caregiver: Caring for Adults with Developmental Disabilities , pp. 3-20
    • Roberto, K.A.1
  • 53
    • 77949876963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health profile of aging family caregivers supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities at home
    • Yamaki K, Hsieh K, Heller T. Health profile of aging family caregivers supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities at home. Intellect Dev Disabil 2009; 47:425-435.
    • (2009) Intellect Dev Disabil , vol.47 , pp. 425-435
    • Yamaki, K.1    Hsieh, K.2    Heller, T.3
  • 54
    • 84896397903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability associated with primary caregiver depression
    • Lin LP, Hsu SW, Kuo MT, et al. Onset aging conditions of adults with an intellectual disability associated with primary caregiver depression. Res Dev Disabil 2014; 35:632-638.
    • (2014) Res Dev Disabil , vol.35 , pp. 632-638
    • Lin, L.P.1    Hsu, S.W.2    Kuo, M.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.