Uncertainty in the bidirectional reflectance model for oceanic waters

Applied Optics

Volumn 54, Issue 13, 2015, Pages 4061-4069

  Zhai, Peng Wang ^a   Hu, Yongxiang ^b   Trepte, Charles R ^b   Winker, David M ^b   Lucker, Patricia L ^b   Lee, Zhongping ^c   Josset, Damien B ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

^d STENNIS SPACE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION; DEPOLARIZATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; REMOTE SENSING; WATER ABSORPTION;

ABSORPTION CO-EFFICIENT; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; COLORED DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; OCEAN COLOR REMOTE SENSING; SCATTERING CO-EFFICIENT; SCATTERING FUNCTIONS; VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELS;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

EID: 84942368196     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.54.004061     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. C. R. McClain, "A decade of satellite ocean color observations, " Ann. Rev. Marine Sci. 1, 19-42 (2009).
2. J.-M. André and A. Morel, "Atmospheric corrections and interpretation of marine radiances in CZCS imagery, " Oceanologica Acta 14, 3-22 (1991).
3. M. Wang and H. R. Gordon, "A simple, moderately accurate, atmospheric correction algorithm for SeaWiFS, " Rem. Sens. Environ. 50, 231-239 (1994).
4. K. Ding and H. R. Gordon, "Atmospheric correction of oceancolor sensors-Effects of the Earth's curvature, " Appl. Opt. 33, 7096-7106 (1994).
5. H. R. Gordon and M. Wang, "Influence of oceanic whitecaps on atmospheric correction of ocean-color sensors, " Appl. Opt. 33, 7754-7763 (1994).
6. H. R. Gordon, "Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the Earth Observing System era, " J. Geophys. Res. 102, 17081-17106 (1997).
7. D. K. Clark, H. R. Gordon, K. J. Voss, Y. Ge, W. W. Broenkow, and C. Trees, "Validation of atmospheric correction over the oceans, " J. Geophys. Res. 102, 17209-17217 (1997).
8. D. Antoine and A. Morel, "A multiple scattering algorithm for atmospheric correction of remotely-sensed ocean colour (MERIS instrument): principle and implementation for atmospheres carrying various aerosols including absorbing ones, " Int. J. Remote Sens. 20, 1875-1916 (1999).
9. C. Hu, K. L. Carder, and F. E. Muller-Karger, "Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery over turbid coastal waters: a practical method, " Remote Sens. Environ. 74, 195-206 (2000).
10. C. Hu, K. L. Carder, and F. E. Muller-Karger, "Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery: assessment of the use of alternative bands, " Appl. Opt. 39, 3573-3581 (2000).
11. D. A. Siegel, M. H. Wang, S. Maritorena, and W. Robinson, "Atmospheric correction of satellite ocean color imagery: the black pixel assumption, " Appl. Opt. 39, 3582-3591 (2000).
12. B. Yan, K. Stamnes, W. Li, B. Chen, J. J. Stamnes, and S. C. Tsay, "Pitfalls in atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery: how should aerosol optical properties be computed?" Appl. Opt. 41, 412-423 (2002).
13. H. R. Gordon and K. J. Voss, "MODIS normalized water-leaving radiance algorithm theoretical basis document (MOD 18), " Version 5, May 2004, http://modis. gsfc. nasa. gov/data/atbd/atbd-mod18. pdf.
14. A. Morel and B. Gentili, "Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters: its dependence on Sun angle as influenced by the molecular scattering contribution, " Appl. Opt. 30, 4427-4438 (1991).
15. A. Morel and B. Gentili, "Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters. II. Bidirectional aspects, " Appl. Opt. 32, 6864-6879 (1993).
16. A. Morel and B. Gentili, "Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters. III. Implication of bidirectionality for the remote-sensing problem, " Appl. Opt. 35, 4850-4862 (1996).
17. A. Morel, D. Antoine, and B. Gentili, "Bidirectional reflectance of oceanic waters: accounting for Raman emission and varying particle scattering phase function, " Appl. Opt. 41, 6289-6306 (2002).
18. H. R. Gordon, "Normalized water-leaving radiance: revisiting the influence of surface roughness, " Appl. Opt. 44, 241-248 (2005).
19. K. J. Voss, A. Morel, and D. Antoine, "Detailed validation of the bidirectional effect in various Case 1 waters for application to ocean color imagery, " Biogeosciences 4, 781-789 (2007).
20. A. C. R. Gleason, K. J. Voss, H. R. Gordon, M. Twardowski, J. Sullivan, C. Trees, A. Weidemann, J.-F. Berthon, D. Clark, and Z.-P. Lee, "Detailed validation of the bidirectional effect in various Case I and Case II waters, " Opt. Express 20, 7630-7645 (2012).
21. A. Morel and S. Maritorena, "Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: a reappraisal, " J. Geophys. Res. 106, 7163-7180 (2001).
22. A. Morel, H. Claustre, D. Antoine, and B. Gentili, "Natural variability of bio-optical properties in Case 1 waters: attenuation and reflectance within the visible and near-UV spectral domains as observed in South Pacific and Mediterranean waters, " Biogeosciences 4, 2147-2178 (2007).
23. C. D. Mobley, D. Stramski, W. P. Bissett, and E. Boss, "Optical modeling of ocean waters: is the Case 1-Case 2 classification still useful?" Oceanography 17, 60-67 (2004).
24. Z. P. Lee, K. Du, K. J. Voss, G. Zibordi, B. Lubac, R. Arnone, and A. Weidemann, "An inherent-optical-property-centered approach to correct the angular effects in water-leaving radiance, " Appl. Opt. 50, 3155-3167 (2011).
25. A. Morel and B. Gentili, "A simple band ratio technique to quantify the colored dissolved and detrital organic material from ocean color remotely sensed data, " Rem. Sens. Environ. 113, 998-1011 (2009).
26. R. M. Pope and E. S. Fry, "Absorption spectrum (380-700 nm) of pure water. II Integrating measurements, " Appl. Opt. 36, 8710-8723 (1997).
27. A. Bricaud, A. Morel, M. Babin, K. Allali, and H. Claustre, "Variations of light absorption by suspended particles with chlorophyll a concentration in oceanic (case 1) waters: analysis and implications for bio-optical models, " J. Geophys. Res. 103, 31033-31044 (1998).
28. A. Morel, "Optical properties of pure water and pure sea water, " in Optical Aspects of Oceanography, N. G. Jerlov and E. S. Nielsen, eds. (Academic, 1974), pp. 1-24.
29. C. D. Mobley, Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters (Academic, 1994).
30. H. R. Gordon and A. Morel, Remote assessment of ocean color for interpretation of satellite visible imagery: A review (Springer, 1983).
31. K. Zhang, W. Li, H. Eide, and K. Stamnes, "A bio-optical model suitable for use in forward and inverse coupled atmosphere ocean radiative transfer models, " J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 103, 411-423 (2007).
32. Y. Huot, A. Morel, M. S. Twardowski, D. Stramski, and R. A. Reynolds, "Particle optical backscattering along a chlorophyll gradient in the upper layer of the eastern South Pacific Ocean, " Biogeosciences 5, 495-507 (2008).
33. J. Chowdhary, B. Cairns, F. Waquet, K. Knobelspiesse, M. Ottaviani, J. Redemann, L. Travis, and M. I. Mishchenko, "Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimetric remote sensing over open oceans to water-leaving radiance: analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign, " Rem. Sens. Environ. 118, 284-308 (2012).
34. G. Fourier and J. L. Forand, "Analytic phase function for ocean water, " Proc. SPIE 2258, 194-201 (1994).
35. G. Fournier and M. Jonasz, "Computer-based underwater imaging analysis, " Proc. SPIE 3761, 62-70 (1999).
36. C. D. Mobley, L. K. Sundman, and E. Boss, "Phase function effects on oceanic light fields, " Appl. Opt. 41, 1035-1050 (2002).
37. M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and D. W. Mackowski, "T-matrix computations of light scattering by nonspherical particles: a review, " J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 55, 535-575 (1996).
38. P. Zhai, Y. Hu, C. R. Trepte, and P. L. Lucker, "A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems based on successive order of scattering method, " Opt. Express 17, 2057-2079 (2009).
39. P. Zhai, Y. Hu, J. Chowdhary, C. R. Trepte, P. L. Lucker, and D. B. Josset, "A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface, " J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 111, 1025-1040 (2010).
40. C. Cox and W. Munk, "Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the suns glitter, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. 44, 838-850 (1954).
41. X. Quan and E. S. Fry, "Empirical equation for the index of refraction of seawater, " Appl. Opt. 34, 3477-3480 (1995).
42. K. J. Voss and E. S. Fry, "Measurement of the Mueller matrix for ocean water, " Appl. Opt. 23, 4427-4439 (1984).
43. A. A. Kokhanovsky, "Parameterization of the Mueller matrix of oceanic waters, " J. Geophys. Res. 108, 3175 (2003).
44. J. E. Hansen and L. D. Travis, "Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, " Space Sci. Rev. 16, 527-610 (1974).
45. C. Tomasi, V. Vitale, B. Petkov, A. Lupi, and A. Cacciari, "Improved algorithm for calculations of Rayleigh-scattering optical depth in standard atmospheres, " Appl. Opt. 44, 3320-3341 (2005).
46. Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere, U. S. Standard Atmosphere (U. S. Government Printing Office, 1976).
47. E. P. Shettle and R. W. Fenn, "Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties, " Rep. AFGL-TR-79-0214 (U. S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, 1979).
48. N. Braslau and J. V. Dave, "Effect of aerosols on the transfer of solar energy through realistic model atmospheres. Part I: Non-absorbing aerosols, " J. Appl. Meteor. 12, 601-615 (1973).
49. C. A. Hostetler, Z. Liu, J. Reagan, M. Vaughan, D. Winker, M. Osborn, W. H. Hunt, K. A. Powell, and C. R. Trepte, "CALIOP algorithm theoretical basis document: calibration and level 1 data products, " PC-SCI-201, Release 1. 0, 2006.
50. P. Zhai, G. W. Kattawar, and P. Yang, "Impulse response solution to the three-dimensional vector radiative transfer equation in atmosphere-ocean systems. I. Monte Carlo method, " Appl. Opt. 47, 1037-1047 (2008).