Safety profile of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: Spironolactone and eplerenone

International Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 200, Issue , 2015, Pages 25-29

  Lainscak, Mitja ^a   Pelliccia, Francesco ^b   Rosano, Giuseppe ^c,d   Vitale, Cristiana ^c,d   Schiariti, Michele ^b   Greco, Cesare ^b   Speziale, Giuseppe ^e   Gaudio, Carlo ^b,f  

^a UNIVERSITY CLINIC OF RESPIRATORY AND ALLERGIC DISEASES   (Slovenia)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c IRCCS SAN RAFFAELE PISANA   (Italy)

^d ST GEORGE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC)   (Italy)

^f Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci Foundation   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aldosterone; Eplerenone; Mineralocorticoid receptors; Spironolactone

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; EPLERENONE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROCORTISONE; POTASSIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE; ALDOSTERONE; MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ARTICLE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SELECTIVITY; DRUG STRUCTURE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GYNECOMASTIA; HEART FAILURE; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; HYPOTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MASTALGIA; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; PATIENT MONITORING; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESISTANT HYPERTENSION; SURVIVAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VAGINA BLEEDING; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; DRUG INTERACTION; METABOLISM;

ALDOSTERONE; DRUG INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SPIRONOLACTONE;

EID: 84941961020     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: 18741754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.127     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. M. Epstein, and D.A. Calhoun Aldosterone blockers (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism) and potassium-sparing diuretics J. Clin. Hypertens. 13 2011 644 648
2. K. Verhamme, G. Mosis, J. Dieleman, B. Stricker, and M. Sturkenboom Spironolactone and risk of upper gastrointestinal events: population based case-control study BMJ 33 2006 330 332
3. W.I. Cranston, and B.E. Juel-Jensen The effects of spironolactone and chlorthalidone on arterial pressure Lancet 1 1962 1161 1164
4. R.L. Wolf, M. Mendlowitz, J. Roboz, G.P. Styan, P. Kornfeld, and A. Weigl Treatment of hypertension with spironolactone. Double-blind study JAMA 198 1966 1143 1149
5. S.M. Garthwaite, and E.G. McMahon The evolution of aldosterone antagonists Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 217 2004 27 31
6. D.A. Sica Eplerenone: a new aldosterone receptor antagonist. Are the FDA's restrictions appropriate? J. Clin. Hypertens. 4 2002 441 445
7. B. Pitt, F. Zannad, W.J. Remme, and et al. Effectiveness of spironolactone added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe chronic congestive heart failure (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]) Am. J. Cardiol. 78 1996 902 907
8. B. Pitt, F. Zannad, W.J. Remme, and et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators N. Engl. J. Med. 341 1999 709 717
9. D.N. Juurlink, M.M. Mamdani, D.S. Lee, and et al. Rates of hyperkalaemia after publication of the randomized aldactone evaluation study N. Engl. J. Med. 351 2004 543 551
10. J.W. Conn Presidential address. I. Painting background. II. Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome J. Lab. Clin. Med. 45 1955 3 17
11. C.M. Kagawa, D.J. Bouska, and M.L. Anderson Relationship of plasma aldadiene levels and antimineralocorticoid effects of spironolactone in the laboratory Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 115 1964 873 880
12. C. Saha, G.J. Eckert, W.T. Ambrosius, and et al. Improvement in blood pressure with inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel in blacks with hypertension Hypertension 46 2005 481 487
13. J.C. Marrs Spironolactone management of resistant hypertension Ann. Pharmacother. 44 2010 1762 1769
14. B. Pitt, G. Bakris, L.M. Ruilope, and et al. Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) Circulation 118 2008 1643 1650
15. R. Eschalier, J.J. McMurray, K. Swedberg, and et al. Safety and efficacy of eplerenone in patients at high risk for hyperkalemia and/or worsening renal function: analyses of the EMPHASIS-HF study subgroups (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 62 2013 1585 1593
16. H. Krum, H. Nolly, D. Workman, and et al. Efficacy of eplerenone added to renin-angiotensin blockade in hypertensive patients Hypertension 40 2002 117 123
17. M.H. Weinberger, B. Roniker, S.L. Krause, and R.J. Weiss Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in mild-to-moderate hypertension Am. J. Hypertens. 5 2002 709 716
18. W.B. White, D. Duprez, R. St Hillaire, and et al. Effects of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone versus the calcium antagonist amlodipine in systolic hypertension Hypertension 41 2003 1021 1026
19. B. Pitt, N. Reichek, R. Willenbrock, and et al. Effects of eplerenone, enalapril, and eplerenone/enalapril in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the 4E-left ventricular hypertrophy study Circulation 108 2003 1831 1838
20. J.M. Flack, S. Oparil, J.H. Pratt, and et al. Efficacy and tolerability of eplerenone and losartan in hypertensive black and white patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41 2003 1148 1155
21. W.B. White, A.A. Carr, S. Krause, R. Jordan, B. Roniker, and W. Oigman Assessment of the novel selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone using ambulatory and clinical blood pressurein patients with systemic hypertension Am. J. Cardiol. 92 2003 38 42
22. T. Saruta, S. Kageyama, T. Ogihara, and et al. Efficacy and safety of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone in Japanese patients with hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study J. Clin. Hypertens. 6 2004 175 185
23. G.H. Williams, E. Burgess, R.E. Kolloch, and et al. Efficacy of eplerenone versus enalapril as monotherapy in systemic hypertension Am. J. Cardiol. 93 2004 990 996
24. M.H. Weinberger, W.B. White, L.M. Ruilope, and et al. Effects of eplerenone versus losartan in patients with low-renin hypertension Am. Heart J. 150 2005 426 433
25. D.A. Calhoun, W.B. White, H. Krum, and et al. Effects of a novel aldosterone synthase inhibitor for treatment of primary hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase 2 trial Circulation 124 2011 1945 1955
26. N. Fujimura, K. Noma, T. Hata, and et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker eplerenone improves endothelial function and inhibits Rho-associated kinase activity in patients with hypertension Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 91 2012 289 297
27. H. Krum, H. Shi, B. Pitt, and et al. Clinical benefit of eplerenone in patients with mild symptoms of systolic heart failure already receiving optimal best practice background drug therapy: analysis of the EMPHASIS-HF Study Circ. Heart Fail. 6 2013 711 718
28. B. Pitt, J.J. McMurray, K. Swedberg, and et al. The incidence and risk associated with serum potassium 4.0 mmol/L in patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HF-REF): results from the EMPHASIS-HF trial 2012 American Heart Association Scientific Session Los Angeles, CA (3-7 Nov)
29. D. Preiss, D.J. van Veldhuisen, N. Sattar, and et al. Eplerenone and new onset diabetes in patients with mild heart failure: results from the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF) Eur. J. Heart Fail. 14 2012 909 915
30. P. Kolkhof, and S.A. Borden Molecular pharmacology of the mineralocorticoid receptor: prospects for novel therapeutics Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 350 2012 310 317
31. P.W. Armstrong Aldosterone antagonists - last man standing? N. Engl. J. Med. 364 2011 79 80
32. L.H. Lund, B. Svennblad, H. Melhus, and et al. Association of spironolactone use with all-cause mortality in heart failure: a propensity scored cohort study Circ. Heart Fail. 6 2013 174 183
33. B. Pitt, and F. Zannad Eplerenone: is it time to add this drug to current heart failure therapy? Ther. Adv. Chron. Dis. 3 2012 5 9
34. J.I. Davies, M. Band, A. Morris, and et al. Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetologia 47 2004 1687 1694
35. T. Roblek, K. Trobec, A. Mrhar, and M. Lainscak Potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patietns with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Arch. Med. Sci. 10 2014 920 932
36. B. Pitt, S.D. Anker, D.A. Bushinsky, D.W. Kitzman, F. Zannad, and I.-Z.u. Huang On behalf of the PEARL-HF investigators. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial Eur. Heart J. 32 2011 820 828
37. S. Dhillon Eplerenone: a review of its use in patients with chronic systolic heart failure and mild symptoms Drugs 73 2013 1451 1462
38. J.J. McMurray, S. Adamopoulos, S.D. Anker, and et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC Eur. J. Heart Fail. 14 2012 803 869
39. W.R. Ravis, S. Reid, D.A. Sica, and D.S. Tolbert Pharmacokinetics of eplerenone after single and multiple dosing in subjects with and without renal impairment J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45 2005 810 821