Low clouds suppress Arctic air formation and amplify high-latitude continental winter warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 112, Issue 37, 2015, Pages 11490-11495

  Cronin, Timothy W ^a   Tziperman, Eli ^a,b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR; AIR MASS; AIR TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC; ARTICLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLOUD; COLD AIR; COOLING; ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND RELATED PHENOMENA; FREEZING; HIGH LATITUDE; HUMIDITY; LATITUDE; LOW CLOUD FEEDBACK; MASS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; WARMING; WINTER;

EID: 84941696048     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510937112     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Greenwood D, Wing S (1995) Eocene continental climates and latitudinal temperature gradients. Geology 23(11):1044-1048.
2. Huber M, Caballero R (2011) The early Eocene equable climate problem revisited. Clim Past 7(2):603-633.
3. Winguth A, Shellito C, Shields C, Winguth C (2010) Climate response at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum to greenhouse gas forcing-A model study with CCSM3. J Clim 23(10):2562-2584.
4. Sloan LC, Walker JC, Moore TC, Jr, Rea DK, Zachos JC (1992) Possible methane-induced polar warming in the early Eocene. Nature 357(6376):320-322.
5. Kirk-Davidoff D, Schrag D, Anderson J (2002) On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate. Geophys Res Lett 29(1):L01556.
6. Farrell B (1990) Equable climate dynamics. J Atmos Sci 47(24):2986-2995.
7. Emanuel K (2002) A simple model of multiple climate regimes. J Geophys Res 107(D9): 4077.
8. Korty R, Emanuel K, Scott J (2008) Tropical cyclone-induced upper-ocean mixing and climate: Application to equable climates. J Clim 21(4):638-654.
9. Abbot D, Tziperman E (2008) Sea ice, high-latitude convection, and equable climates. Geophys Res Lett 35(3):L03702.
10. Abbot D, Walker C, Tziperman E (2009) Can a convective cloud feedback help to eliminate winter sea ice at high CO2 concentrations? J Clim 22(21):5719-5731.
11. Arnold NP, et al. (2014) Effects of explicit atmospheric convection at high CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(30):10943-10948.
12. Chylek P, Folland C, Lesins G, Dubey M, Wang M (2009) Arctic air temperature change amplification and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 36(14): L14801.
13. Hartmann D, et al. (2013) Observations: Atmosphere and surface. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds Stocker T, et al. (Cambridge Univ Press, New York), pp 159-254.
14. Holland M, Bitz C (2003) Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models. Clim Dyn 21(3-4):221-232.
15. Collins M, et al. (2013) Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds Stocker T, et al. (Cambridge Univ Press, New York), pp 1029-1136.
16. Pithan F, Mauritsen T (2014) Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models. Nat Geosci 7(3):181-184.
17. Manabe S, Stouffer R (1980) Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. J Geophys Res 85(C10):5529-5554.
18. Winton M (2006) Amplified Arctic climate change: What does surface albedo feedback have to do with it? Geophys Res Lett 33(3):L03701.
19. Alexeev V, Langen P, Bates J (2005) Polar amplification of surface warming on an aquaplanet in "ghost forcing" experiments without sea ice feedbacks. Clim Dyn 24(7-8):655-666.
20. Manabe S, Stouffer R, Spelman M, Bryan K (1991) Transient responses of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. Part I. Annual mean response. J Clim 4(8):785-818.
21. Graversen R, Langen P, Mauritsen T (2014) Polar amplification in CCSM4: Contributions from the lapse rate and surface albedo feedbacks. J Clim 27(12):4433-4450.
22. Curry J (1983) On the formation of continental polar air. J Atmos Sci 40(9):2278-2292.
23. Wexler H (1936) Cooling in the lower atmosphere and the structure of polar continental air. Mon Weather Rev 64(4):122-136.
24. Overland J, Guest P (1991) The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea ice during winter. J Geophys Res 96(C3):4651-4662.
25. Emanuel K (2008) Back to Norway: An essay. Meteorol Monogr 33(55):87-96.
26. Pithan F, Medeiros B, Mauritsen T (2014) Mixed-phase clouds cause climate model biases in Arctic wintertime temperature inversions. Clim Dyn 43(1-2):289-303.
27. Taylor K, Stouffer R, Meehl G (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93(4):485-498.
28. Tsushima Y, et al. (2006) Importance of the mixed-phase cloud distribution in the control climate for assessing the response of clouds to carbon dioxide increase: A multi-model study. Clim Dyn 27(2-3):113-126.
29. Vavrus S, Waliser D, Schweiger A, Francis J (2009) Simulations of 20th and 21st century Arctic cloud amount in the global climate models assessed in the IPCC AR4. Clim Dyn 33(7-8):1099-1115.
30. Zelinka M, Klein S, Hartmann D (2012) Computing and partitioning cloud feedbacks using cloud property histograms. Part II: attribution to changes in cloud amount, altitude, and optical depth. J Clim 25(11):3736-3754.
31. Taylor P, et al. (2013) A decomposition of feedback contributions to polar warming amplification. J Clim 26(18):7023-7043.
32. Abbot D, Huber M, Bosquet G, Walker C (2009) High-CO2 cloud radiative forcing feedback over both land and ocean in a global climate model. Geophys Res Lett 36(5): L05702.
33. Screen J (2014) Arctic amplification decreases temperature variance in northern midto high-latitudes. Nat Clim Chang 4(7):577-582.
34. Beesley J, Moritz R (1999) Toward an explanation of the annual cycle of cloudiness over the Arctic Ocean. J Clim 12(2):395-415.
35. Somerville R, Remer L (1984) Cloud optical thickness feedbacks in the CO2 climate problem. J Geophys Res 89(D6):9668-9672.
36. Betts AK, Harshvardhan (1987) Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J Geophys Res 92(D7):8483-8485.
37. Tselioudis G, Rossow W, Rind D (1992) Global patterns of cloud optical thickness variation with temperature. J Clim 5(12):1484-1495.
38. Eastman R, Warren S (2010) Interannual variations of Arctic cloud types in relation to sea ice. J Clim 23(15):4216-4232.
39. Liu Y, Key J, Liu Z, Wang X, Vavrus S (2012) A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea ice. Geophys Res Lett 39(5):L05705.
40. Skamarock W, et al. (2008) A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3 (Natl Cent Atmos Res, Boulder, CO).
41. Iacono M, et al. (2008) Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J Geophys Res 113(D13):D13103.
42. Hong S-Y, Noh Y, Dudhia J (2006) A new vertical diffusion package with explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon Weather Rev 134(9):2318-2341.
43. Kessler E (1969) On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations, Meteorological Monographs (Am Meteorol Soc, Boston), Vol 32.
44. Lin Y-L, Farley R, Orville H (1983) Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J Clim Appl Meteorol 22(6):1065-1092.
45. Hong S-Y, Lim J-O (2006) The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6). J. Korean Meteorol. Soc. 42(2):129-151.
46. Tao W-K, Simpson J, McCumber M (1989) An ice-water saturation adjustment. Mon Weather Rev 117(1):231-235.
47. Thompson G, Field P, Rasmussen R, Hall W (2008) Explicit forecasts of Winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization. Mon Weather Rev 136(12):5095-5115.
48. Morrison H, Thompson G, Tatarskii V (2009) Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one-and two-moment schemes. Mon Weather Rev 137(3):991-1007.
49. Lin Y, Colle B (2011) A new bulk microphysical scheme that includes riming intensity and temperature-dependent ice characteristics. Mon Weather Rev 139(3):1013-1035.