The periglacial engine of mountain erosion – Part 2: Modelling large-scale landscape evolution

Earth Surface Dynamics

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 463-482

  Egholm, D L ^a   Andersen, J L ^a   Knudsen, M F ^a   Jansen, J D ^b   Nielsen, S B ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEDROCK; CENOZOIC; COOLING; CRACKING (FRACTURE); CREEP; FROST; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; PERIGLACIAL LANDFORM; REGOLITH; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOIL EROSION; TOPOGRAPHY;

EID: 84941355043     PISSN: 21966311     EISSN: 2196632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/esurf-3-463-2015     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Andersen, J. L., Egholm, D. L., Knudsen, M. F., Jansen, J. D., and Nielsen, S. B.: The periglacial engine of mountain erosion -Part 1: Rates of frost cracking and frost creep, Earth Surface Dynamics, this volume, Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 447-462, doi:10.5194/esurf-3-447-2015, 2015.
2. Anderson, R. S.: Modeling the tor-dotted crests, bedrock edges, and parabolic profiles of high alpine surfaces of the Wind River Range, Wyoming, Geomorphology, 46, 35-58, 2002.
3. Anderson, R. S., Riihimaki, C. A., Safran, E. B., and MacGregor, K. R.: Facing reality: late Cenozoic evolution of smooth peaks, hlacially ornamented valleys, and deep river gorges of Colorados Front Range, in: Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution, edited by: Willett, S. D., Hovius, N., Brandon, M. T., and Fisher, D., Geol. S. Am. S., Vol. 398, Geological Society of America, Washington, DC, 397-418, 2006.
4. Anderson, R. S., Anderson, S. P., and Tucker, G. E.: Rock damage and regolith transport by frost: an example of climate modulation of the geomorphology of the critical zone, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 38, 299-316, 2012.
5. Ballantyne, C.: A general model of autochthonous blockfield evolution, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 289-300, 2010.
6. Bonow, J. M., Lidmar-Bergstroem, K., and Naeslund, J.-O.: Palaeosurfaces and major valleys in the area of the Kjoelen Mountains, southern Norway -consequences of uplift and climatic change, Norsk Geogr. Tidsskr., 57, 83-101, 2003.
7. Bonow, J. M., Lidmar-Bergström, K., and Japsen, P.: Palaeosurfaces in central West Greenland as reference for identification of tectonic movements and estimation of erosion, Global Planet. Change, 50, 161-183, 2006.
8. Braun, J. and Sambridge, M.: Modelling landscape evolution on geological time scales: a new method based on irregular spatial discretization, Basin Res., 9, 27-52, 1997.
9. Braun, J., Zwartz, D., and Tomkin, J.: A new surface-processes model combining glacial and fluvial erosion, Ann. Glaciol., 28, 282-290, 1999.
10. Chamberlain, E. J.: Frost susceptibility of soil, review of index tests, Tech. rep., DTIC Document, 1981.
11. Delunel, R., van der Beek, P. A., Carcaillet, J., Bourles, D. L., and Valla, P. G.: Frost-cracking control on catchment denudation rates: insights from in situ produced 10Be concentrations in stream sediments (Ecrins-Pelvoux massif, FrenchWestern Alps), Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 293, 72-83, 2010.
12. Egholm, D. L., Knudsen, M. F., Clark, C. D., and Lesemann, J. E.: Modeling the flow of glaciers in steep terrains: the integrated second-order shallow ice approximation (iSOSIA), J. Geophys. Res., 116, F02012, doi:10.1029/2010JF001900, 2011.
13. Egholm, D. L., Pedersen, V. K., Knudsen, M. F., and Larsen, N. K.: Coupling the flow of ice, water, and sediment in a glacial landscape evolution model, Geomorphology, 141-142, 47-66, 2012.
14. Fabel, D., Stroeven, A. P., Harbor, J., Kleman, J., Elmore, D., and Fink, D.: Landscape preservation under Fennoscandian ice sheets determined from in situ produced 10Be and 26Al, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 201, 397-406, 2002.
15. Gardner, T. W., Jorgensen, D. W., Shuman, C., and Lemieux, C. R.: Geomorphic and tectonic process rates: Effects of measured time interval, Geology, 15, 259-261, 1987.
16. Girard, L., Gruber, S.,Weber, S., and Beutel, J.: Environmental controls of frost cracking revealed through in situ acoustic emission measurements in steep bedrock, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1748-1753, 2013.
17. Goodfellow, B.: A granulometry and secondary mineral fingerprint of chemical weathering in periglacial landscapes and its application to blockfield origins, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 57, 121-135, 2012.
18. Goodfellow, B., Stroeven, A., Fabel, D., Fredin, O., Derron, M.-H., Bintanja, R., and Caffee, M.: Arctic-alpine blockfields in the northern Swedish Scandes: late Quaternary -not Neogene, Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 383-401, doi:10.5194/esurf-2-383-2014, 2014.
19. Haeuselmann, P., Granger, D. E., Jeannin, P.-Y., and Lauritzen, S.-E.: Abrupt glacial valley incision at 0.8 Ma dated from cave deposits in Switzerland, Geology, 35, 143-146, 2007.
20. Hales, T. C. and Roering, J. J.: Climate-controlled variations in scree production, Southern Alps, New Zealand, Geology, 33, 701-704, 2005.
21. Hales, T. and Roering, J. J.: Climatic controls on frost cracking and implications for the evolution of bedrock landscapes, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02033, doi:10.1029/2006JF000616, 2007.
22. Hales, T. and Roering, J. J.: A frost "buzzsaw" mechanism for erosion of the eastern Southern Alps, New Zealand, Geomorphology, 107, 241-253, 2009.
23. Hall, A., Ebert, K., Kleman, J., Nesje, A., and Ottesen, D.: Selective glacial erosion on the Norwegian passive margin, Geology, 41, 1203-1206, 2013.
24. Hall, K. and Thorn, C.: The historical legacy of spatial scales in freeze-thaw weathering: misrepresentation and resulting misdirection, Geomorphology, 130, 83-90, 2011.
25. Hall, K., Thorn, C. E., Matsuoka, N., and Prick, A.: Weathering in cold regions: some thoughts and perspectives, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 26, 577-603, 2002.
26. Hallet, B.,Walder, J., and Stubbs, C.:Weathering by segregation ice growth in microcracks at sustained subzero temperatures: verification from an experimental study using acoustic emissions, Permafrost Periglac., 2, 283-300, 1991.
27. Hallet, B., Hunter, L., and Bogen, J.: Rates of erosion and sediment evacuation by glaciers: a review of field data and their implications, Global Planet. Change, 12, 213-235, 1996.
28. Harbor, J. M., Hallet, B., and Raymond, C.: A numerical model of landform development by glacial erosion, Nature, 333, 347-349, 1988.
29. Harris, C., Gallop, M., and Coutard, J.-P.: Physical modelling of gelifluction and frost creep: Some results of a large-scale laboratory experiment, Earth Surface Proc. Land., 18, 383-398, 1993.
30. Hay,W.W., Sloan, J. L., andWold, C. N.: Mass=age distribution and composition of sediments on the ocean floor and the global rate of sediment subduction, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 93, 14933-14940, 1988.
31. Herman, F., Seward, D., Valla, P. G., Carter, A., Kohn, B., Willett, S. D., and Ehlers, T. A.: Worldwide acceleration of mountain erosion under a cooling climate, Nature, 504, 423-426, 2013.
32. Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S., Parra, J., Jones, P., and Jarvis, A.: Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1965-1978, 2005.
33. Japsen, P., Bonow, J. M., Green, P. F., Chalmers, J. A., and Lidmar-Bergström, K.: Formation, uplift and dissection of planation surfaces at passive continental margins -a new approach, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 34, 683-699, 2009.
34. Kleman, J. and Stroeven, A.: Preglacial surface remnants and quaternary glacial regimes in northwestern Sweden, Geomorphology, 19, 33-54, 1997.
35. Lautridou, J. and Ozouf, J. C.: Experimental frost shattering: 15 years of research at the Centre de Géomorphologie du CNRS, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 6, 215-232, 1982.
36. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Ollier, C., and Sulebak, J.: Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway, Global Planet. Change, 24, 211-231, 2000.
37. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Bonow, J. M., and Japsen, P.: Stratigraphic Landscape Analysis and geomorphological paradigms: Scandinavia as an example of Phanerozoic uplift and subsidence, Global Planet. Change, 100, 153-171, 2013.
38. Matsuoka, N.: Microgelivation versus macrogelivation: towards bridging the gap between laboratory and field frost weathering, Permafrost Periglac., 12, 299-313, 2001.
39. Matsuoka, N.: Frost weathering and rockwall erosion in the southeastern Swiss Alps: long-term (1994-2006) observations, Geomorphology, 99, 353-368, 2008.
40. Medvedev, S. and Hartz, E. H.: Evolution of topography of post-Devonian Scandinavia: effects and rates of erosion, Geomorphology, 231, 229-245, 2015.
41. Molnar, P.: Late Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of terrestrial sediment: how might climate change have affected erosion rates?, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 67-89, 2004.
42. Montgomery, D. R. and Brandon, M. T.: Topographic controls on erosion rates in tectonically active mountain ranges, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 201, 481-489, 2002.
43. Munroe, J. S.: Investigating the spatial distribution of summit flats in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, USA, Geomorphology, 75, 437-449, 2006.
44. Nielsen, S. B., Gallagher, K., Leighton, C., Balling, N., Svenningsen, L., Jacobsen, B. H., Thomsen, E., Nielsen, O. B., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Egholm, D. L., Summerfield, M. A., Clausen, O. R., Piotrowski, J. A., Thorsen, M. R., Huuse, M., Abrahamsen, N., King, C., and Lykke-Andersen, H.: The evolution of western Scandinavian topography: a review of Neogene uplift versus the ICE (isostasy-climate-erosion) hypothesis, J. Geodynam., 47, 72-95, 2009.
45. Penck, A.: Glacial features in the surface of the Alps, J. Geol., 13, 1-19, 1905.
46. Phillips,W., Hall, A. M., Mottram, R., Fifeld, K., and Sugden, D. E.: Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of tors and erratics, Cairngorn Mountains, Scotland: timescales for the development of classical landscape of selective linear glacial erosion, Geomorphology, 73, 222-245, 2006.
47. Portenga, E. W. and Bierman, P. R.: Understanding Earths eroding surface with 10Be, GSA Today, 21, 2011.
48. Rea, B., Whalley,W., Rainey, M., and Gordon, J.: Blockfields old or new? Evidence and implications from some plateaus in northern Norway, Geomorphology, 15, 109-121, 1996.
49. Sadler, P. M. and Jerolmack, D. J.: Scaling laws for aggradation, denudation and progradation rates: the case for time-scale invariance at sediment sources and sinks, in: Strata and Time: Probing the Gaps in Our Understanding, edited by: Smidth, D. G., Bailey, R. J., Burgess, P. M., Fraser, A. J., The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 404, 69-88, 2015.
50. Sass, O.: Rock moisture measurements: techniques, results, and implications for weathering, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 30, 359-374, 2005.
51. Savi, S., Delunel, R., and Schlunegger, F.: Efficiency of frostcracking processes through space and time: an example from the eastern Italian Alps, Geomorphology, 232, 248-260, 2015.
52. Scherler, D.: Climatic limits to headwall retreat in the Khumbu Himalaya, eastern Nepal, Geology, 42, 1019-1022, 2014.
53. Small, E. E. and Anderson, R. S.: Pleistocene relief production in Laramide mountain ranges, western United States, Geology, 26, 123-126, 1998.
54. Small, E. E., Anderson, R. S., Repka, J. L., and Finkel, R.: Erosion rates of alpine bedrock summit surfaces deduced from in situ 10Be and 26Al, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 150, 413-425, 1997.
55. Small, E. E., Anderson, R. S., and Hancock, G. S.: Estimates of the rate of regolith production using 10Be and 26Al from an alpine hillslope, Geomorphology, 27, 131-150, 1999.
56. Steer, P., Huismans, R. S., Valla, P. G., Gac, S., and Herman, F.: Bimodal Plio-Quaternary glacial erosion of fjords and low-relief surfaces in Scandinavia, Nat. Geosci., 5, 635-639, 2012.
57. Strømsøe, J. R. and Paasche, O.: Weathering patterns in high-latitude regolith, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, F03021, doi:10.1029/2010JF001954, 2011.
58. Valla, P. G., Shuster, D. L., and van der Beek, P. A.: Significant increase in relief of the European Alps during mid-Pleistocene glaciations, Nat. Geosci., 4, 688-692, 2011.
59. Von Blanckenburg, F.: The control mechanisms of erosion and weathering at basin scale from cosmogenic nuclides in river sediment, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 237, 462-479, 2005.
60. Von Blanckenburg, F., Bouchez, J., Ibarra, D. E., and Maher, K.: Stable runoff and weathering fluxes into the oceans over Quaternary climate cycles, Nat. Geosci., 8, 538-542, 2015.
61. Walder, J. and Hallet, B.: A theoretical model of the fracture of rock during freezing, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 336-346, 1985.
62. Whalley, W. B., Rea, B. R., and Rainey, M. M.: Weathering, blockfields, and fracture systems and the implications for long-term landscape formation: some evidence from Lyngen and Oksfordjøkelen areas in north Norway, Polar Geogr., 28, 93-119, 2004.
63. Widdowson, M.: The geomorphological and geological importance of palaeosurfaces, in: Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation, edited by:Widdowson, M., The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 120, 1-12, 1997.
64. Willenbring, J. K. and Von Blanckenburg, F.: Long-term stability of global erosion rates and weathering during late-Cenozoic cooling, Nature, 465, 211-214, 2010.
65. Woronko, B. and Hoch, M.: The development of frost-weathering microstructures on sand-sized quartz grains: examples from Poland and Mongolia, Permafrost Periglac., 22, 214-227, 2011.
66. Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K.: Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present, Science, 292, 686-693, 2001.
67. Zang, P. Z., Molnar, P., and Downs, W. R.: Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2-4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates, Nature, 410, 891-897, 2001.