메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 621-629

Cardiac autonomic modulation in non-frail, pre-frail and frail elderly women: a pilot study

Author keywords

Autonomic nervous system; Elderly; Frail older adults; Heart rate variability; Non linear dynamics

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; HEART INNERVATION; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NEUROMODULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PILOT STUDY; SYMPATHETIC TONE; AGING; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRAZIL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HEALTH DISPARITY; HEART FUNCTION TEST; HEART RATE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84941336391     PISSN: 15940667     EISSN: 17208319     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0320-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 84861473683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frailty and its impact on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study on elder community-dwelling preventive health service users
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XosVeltLo%3D, PID: 22662268
    • Chang Y-W, Chen W-L, Lin F-G, Fang W-H, Yen M-Y, Hsieh C-C, Kao T-W (2012) Frailty and its impact on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study on elder community-dwelling preventive health service users. PLoS One 7(5):e38079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038079
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.5
    • Chang, Y.-W.1    Chen, W.-L.2    Lin, F.-G.3    Fang, W.-H.4    Yen, M.-Y.5    Hsieh, C.-C.6    Kao, T.-W.7
  • 3
    • 79960106509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions to caregiving in frailty research
    • PID: 20810177
    • Aggar C, Ronaldson S, Cameron I (2011) Reactions to caregiving in frailty research. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 53(2):e138–e143. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.07.010
    • (2011) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. e138-e143
    • Aggar, C.1    Ronaldson, S.2    Cameron, I.3
  • 4
    • 78449304035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily muscle activity and quiescence in non-frail, pre-frail, and frail older women
    • PID: 20736056
    • Theou O, Jones GR, Vandervoort AA, Jakobi JM (2010) Daily muscle activity and quiescence in non-frail, pre-frail, and frail older women. Exp Gerontol 45(12):909–917. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.008
    • (2010) Exp Gerontol , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 909-917
    • Theou, O.1    Jones, G.R.2    Vandervoort, A.A.3    Jakobi, J.M.4
  • 5
    • 27644486143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frailty, hospitalization, and progression of disability in a cohort of disabled older women
    • PID: 16271906
    • Boyd CM, Xue Q-L, Simpson CF, Guralnik JM, Fried LP (2005) Frailty, hospitalization, and progression of disability in a cohort of disabled older women. Am J Med 118(11):1225–1231. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.01.062
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , Issue.11 , pp. 1225-1231
    • Boyd, C.M.1    Xue, Q.-L.2    Simpson, C.F.3    Guralnik, J.M.4    Fried, L.P.5
  • 6
    • 84859426302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frailty and its association with mortality, hospitalization and functional dependence in Mexicans aged 60-years or older
    • de León Díaz, González E, Tamez Pérez HE, Gutiérrez Hermosillo H, Cedillo Rodríguez JA, Torres G (2012) Frailty and its association with mortality, hospitalization and functional dependence in Mexicans aged 60-years or older. Med Clin (Barc) 138(11):468–474. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2011.03.024
    • (2012) Med Clin (Barc) , vol.138 , Issue.11 , pp. 468-474
    • de León, D.1    González, E.2    Tamez Pérez, H.E.3    Gutiérrez Hermosillo, H.4    Cedillo Rodríguez, J.A.5    Torres, G.6
  • 8
    • 1642329318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care
    • PID: 15031310
    • Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G (2004) Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59(3):255–263
    • (2004) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-263
    • Fried, L.P.1    Ferrucci, L.2    Darer, J.3    Williamson, J.D.4    Anderson, G.5
  • 9
    • 66149096596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frailty and impaired cardiac autonomic control: new insights from principal components aggregation of traditional heart rate variability indices
    • PID: 19223607
    • Varadhan R, Chaves PHM, Lipsitz LA, Stein PK, Tian J, Windham BG, Berger RD, Fried LP (2009) Frailty and impaired cardiac autonomic control: new insights from principal components aggregation of traditional heart rate variability indices. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64(6):682–687. doi:10.1093/gerona/glp013
    • (2009) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 682-687
    • Varadhan, R.1    Chaves, P.H.M.2    Lipsitz, L.A.3    Stein, P.K.4    Tian, J.5    Windham, B.G.6    Berger, R.D.7    Fried, L.P.8
  • 11
    • 0036197712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of stability: the physiologic basis of functional health and frailty
    • PID: 11867648
    • Lipsitz LA (2002) Dynamics of stability: the physiologic basis of functional health and frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57(3):B115–B125
    • (2002) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. B115-B125
    • Lipsitz, L.A.1
  • 12
    • 0036294574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional assessment of heart rate variability: physiological basis and practical applications
    • PID: 12104056
    • Pumprla J, Howorka K, Groves D, Chester M, Nolan J (2002) Functional assessment of heart rate variability: physiological basis and practical applications. Int J Cardiol 84(1):1–14
    • (2002) Int J Cardiol , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Pumprla, J.1    Howorka, K.2    Groves, D.3    Chester, M.4    Nolan, J.5
  • 13
    • 0029928495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology
    • Task Force (1996) Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation 93(5):1043–1065
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 1043-1065
  • 14
  • 15
    • 33845693672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vagal modulation and aging
    • PID: 17045727
    • De Meersman RE, Stein PK (2007) Vagal modulation and aging. Biol Psychol 74(2):165–173. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.04.008
    • (2007) Biol Psychol , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-173
    • De Meersman, R.E.1    Stein, P.K.2
  • 16
    • 0037627714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of cardiovascular autonomic nervous function: agreement, reproducibility, and reference values in middle age and elderly subjects
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7mvVKntA%3D%3D, PID: 12687330
    • Gerritsen J, TenVoorde BJ, Dekker JM, Kingma R, Kostense PJ, Bouter LM, Heethaar RM (2003) Measures of cardiovascular autonomic nervous function: agreement, reproducibility, and reference values in middle age and elderly subjects. Diabetologia 46(3):330–338. doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1032-9
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 330-338
    • Gerritsen, J.1    TenVoorde, B.J.2    Dekker, J.M.3    Kingma, R.4    Kostense, P.J.5    Bouter, L.M.6    Heethaar, R.M.7
  • 17
    • 0028804752 scopus 로고
    • Age, race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability–the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FktFyrsQ%3D%3D, PID: 7484830
    • Liao D, Barnes RW, Chambless LE, Simpson RJ, Sorlie P, Heiss G (1995) Age, race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability–the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. Am J Cardiol 76(12):906–912
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.76 , Issue.12 , pp. 906-912
    • Liao, D.1    Barnes, R.W.2    Chambless, L.E.3    Simpson, R.J.4    Sorlie, P.5    Heiss, G.6
  • 18
    • 0032032472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7mtFOnug%3D%3D, PID: 9502641
    • Umetani K, Singer DH, McCraty R, Atkinson M (1998) Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades. J Am Coll Cardiol 31(3):593–601
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 593-601
    • Umetani, K.1    Singer, D.H.2    McCraty, R.3    Atkinson, M.4
  • 19
    • 0030919661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle-aged and elderly men. The Zutphen Study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3ptlOltQ%3D%3D, PID: 9149661
    • Dekker JM, Schouten EG, Klootwijk P, Pool J, Swenne CA, Kromhout D (1997) Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle-aged and elderly men. The Zutphen Study. Am J Epidemiol 145(10):899–908
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.145 , Issue.10 , pp. 899-908
    • Dekker, J.M.1    Schouten, E.G.2    Klootwijk, P.3    Pool, J.4    Swenne, C.A.5    Kromhout, D.6
  • 20
    • 77952241896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors
    • PID: 19910061
    • Thayer JF, Yamamoto SS, Brosschot JF (2010) The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Int J Cardiol 141(2):122–131. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.543
    • (2010) Int J Cardiol , vol.141 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-131
    • Thayer, J.F.1    Yamamoto, S.S.2    Brosschot, J.F.3
  • 23
    • 84872497839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of blood pressure profile on frailty phenotype in community-dwelling elders in Brazil—FIBRA study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38bjtF2gtA%3D%3D, PID: 22939428
    • Fattori A, Santimaria MR, Alves RMA, Guariento ME, Neri AL (2013) Influence of blood pressure profile on frailty phenotype in community-dwelling elders in Brazil—FIBRA study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 56(2):343–349. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.004
    • (2013) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-349
    • Fattori, A.1    Santimaria, M.R.2    Alves, R.M.A.3    Guariento, M.E.4    Neri, A.L.5
  • 24
    • 0018240827 scopus 로고
    • A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7ltFaqug%3D%3D, PID: 748370
    • Taylor HL, Jacobs DR, Schucker B, Knudsen J, Leon AS, Debacker G (1978) A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis 31(12):741–755
    • (1978) J Chronic Dis , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 741-755
    • Taylor, H.L.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Schucker, B.3    Knudsen, J.4    Leon, A.S.5    Debacker, G.6
  • 25
    • 77955504835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of a muscle resistance program on the functional capacity, knee extensor muscle strength and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in pre-frail elderly women: a randomized crossover clinical trial–a study protocol
    • PID: 20667082
    • Lustosa LP, Coelho FM, Silva JP, Pereira DS, Parentoni AN, Dias JMD, Dias RC, Pereira LSM (2010) The effects of a muscle resistance program on the functional capacity, knee extensor muscle strength and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in pre-frail elderly women: a randomized crossover clinical trial–a study protocol. Trials. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-82
    • (2010) Trials
    • Lustosa, L.P.1    Coelho, F.M.2    Silva, J.P.3    Pereira, D.S.4    Parentoni, A.N.5    Dias, J.M.D.6    Dias, R.C.7    Pereira, L.S.M.8
  • 26
    • 84864192123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity and reliability of the short physical performance battery in two diverse older adult populations in Quebec and Brazil
    • PID: 22422762
    • Freire AN, Guerra RO, Alvarado B, Guralnik JM, Zunzunegui MV (2012) Validity and reliability of the short physical performance battery in two diverse older adult populations in Quebec and Brazil. J Aging Health 24(5):863–878. doi:10.1177/0898264312438551
    • (2012) J Aging Health , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 863-878
    • Freire, A.N.1    Guerra, R.O.2    Alvarado, B.3    Guralnik, J.M.4    Zunzunegui, M.V.5
  • 27
    • 0028898029 scopus 로고
    • Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7ktVSlsw%3D%3D, PID: 7838189
    • Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB (1995) Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 332(9):556–561. doi:10.1056/NEJM199503023320902
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , Issue.9 , pp. 556-561
    • Guralnik, J.M.1    Ferrucci, L.2    Simonsick, E.M.3    Salive, M.E.4    Wallace, R.B.5
  • 28
    • 0028292936 scopus 로고
    • A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7nt1aitw%3D%3D, PID: 8126356
    • Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, Scherr PA, Wallace RB (1994) A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 49(2):M85–M94
    • (1994) J Gerontol , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. M85-M94
    • Guralnik, J.M.1    Simonsick, E.M.2    Ferrucci, L.3    Glynn, R.J.4    Berkman, L.F.5    Blazer, D.G.6    Scherr, P.A.7    Wallace, R.B.8
  • 29
    • 0034775025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entropy, entropy rate, and pattern classification as tools to typify complexity in short heart period variability series
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnhtF2ruw%3D%3D, PID: 11686627
    • Porta A, Guzzetti S, Montano N, Furlan R, Pagani M, Malliani A, Cerutti S (2001) Entropy, entropy rate, and pattern classification as tools to typify complexity in short heart period variability series. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 48(11):1282–1291. doi:10.1109/10.959324
    • (2001) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.48 , Issue.11 , pp. 1282-1291
    • Porta, A.1    Guzzetti, S.2    Montano, N.3    Furlan, R.4    Pagani, M.5    Malliani, A.6    Cerutti, S.7
  • 30
    • 0033949457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1yms74%3D, PID: 10843903
    • Richman JS, Moorman JR (2000) Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278(6):H2039–H2049
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.278 , Issue.6 , pp. H2039-H2049
    • Richman, J.S.1    Moorman, J.R.2
  • 31
    • 84886520547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open architecture software platform for biomedical signal analysis
    • PID: 24110130
    • Duque JJ, Silva LEV, Murta LO (2013) Open architecture software platform for biomedical signal analysis. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. doi:10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609943
    • (2013) Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
    • Duque, J.J.1    Silva, L.E.V.2    Murta, L.O.3
  • 33
    • 0026015905 scopus 로고
    • Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrmtFaisQ%3D%3D, PID: 11607165
    • Pincus SM (1991) Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88(6):2297–2301
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , Issue.6 , pp. 2297-2301
    • Pincus, S.M.1
  • 34
    • 0036724154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample entropy analysis of neonatal heart rate variability
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntFOnsb4%3D, PID: 12185014
    • Lake DE, Richman JS, Griffin MP, Moorman JR (2002) Sample entropy analysis of neonatal heart rate variability. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283(3):R789–R797. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2002
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.283 , Issue.3 , pp. R789-R797
    • Lake, D.E.1    Richman, J.S.2    Griffin, M.P.3    Moorman, J.R.4
  • 35
    • 0034715151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysregulation in panic disorder and in post-traumatic stress disorder: application of power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability at rest and in response to recollection of trauma or panic attacks
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fhs1SjsA%3D%3D, PID: 10980322
    • Cohen H, Benjamin J, Geva AB, Matar MA, Kaplan Z, Kotler M (2000) Autonomic dysregulation in panic disorder and in post-traumatic stress disorder: application of power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability at rest and in response to recollection of trauma or panic attacks. Psychiatry Res 96(1):1–13
    • (2000) Psychiatry Res , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Cohen, H.1    Benjamin, J.2    Geva, A.B.3    Matar, M.A.4    Kaplan, Z.5    Kotler, M.6
  • 36
    • 0023100673 scopus 로고
    • Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7isVGisw%3D%3D, PID: 3812275
    • Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT Jr, Moss AJ (1987) Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 59(4):256–262
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 256-262
    • Kleiger, R.E.1    Miller, J.P.2    Bigger, J.T.3    Moss, A.J.4
  • 37
    • 1642416433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease
    • PID: 15033247
    • Sajadieh A, Nielsen OW, Rasmussen V, Hein HO, Abedini S, Hansen JF (2004) Increased heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability are associated with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J 25(5):363–370. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.003
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 363-370
    • Sajadieh, A.1    Nielsen, O.W.2    Rasmussen, V.3    Hein, H.O.4    Abedini, S.5    Hansen, J.F.6
  • 38
    • 0027526260 scopus 로고
    • Decreased heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: a study of power-spectral analysis of heart rate
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3hvFCqtg%3D%3D, PID: 8464959
    • Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Berger R, Balon R, Ramesh C, Glitz D, Srinivasan K, Weinberg P (1993) Decreased heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: a study of power-spectral analysis of heart rate. Psychiatry Res 46(1):89–103
    • (1993) Psychiatry Res , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-103
    • Yeragani, V.K.1    Pohl, R.2    Berger, R.3    Balon, R.4    Ramesh, C.5    Glitz, D.6    Srinivasan, K.7    Weinberg, P.8
  • 39
    • 0036149390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is physiologic complexity and how does it change with aging and disease?
    • PID: 11755014
    • Goldberger AL, Peng C-K, Lipsitz LA (2002) What is physiologic complexity and how does it change with aging and disease? Neurobiol Aging 23(1):23–26
    • (2002) Neurobiol Aging , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-26
    • Goldberger, A.L.1    Peng, C.-K.2    Lipsitz, L.A.3
  • 41
    • 82155195848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes
    • PID: 21890520
    • Goldstein DS, Bentho O, Park M-Y, Sharabi Y (2011) Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes. Exp Physiol 96(12):1255–1261. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.056259
    • (2011) Exp Physiol , vol.96 , Issue.12 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Goldstein, D.S.1    Bentho, O.2    Park, M.-Y.3    Sharabi, Y.4
  • 42
    • 0028812076 scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pathophysiology of heart rate and blood pressure variability in humans: is power spectral analysis largely an index of baroreflex gain?
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3hvF2gsA%3D%3D, PID: 7677832
    • Sleight P, La Rovere MT, Mortara A, Pinna G, Maestri R, Leuzzi S, Bianchini B, Tavazzi L, Bernardi L (1995) Physiology and pathophysiology of heart rate and blood pressure variability in humans: is power spectral analysis largely an index of baroreflex gain? Clin Sci 88(1):103–109
    • (1995) Clin Sci , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-109
    • Sleight, P.1    La Rovere, M.T.2    Mortara, A.3    Pinna, G.4    Maestri, R.5    Leuzzi, S.6    Bianchini, B.7    Tavazzi, L.8    Bernardi, L.9
  • 44
    • 84882944980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance
    • Billman GE (2013) The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. Front Physiol. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00026
    • (2013) Front Physiol
    • Billman, G.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.