메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1189-1204

Year-to-year reoutcropping of eighteen degree water in an eddy-resolving ocean simulation

Author keywords

Atm Ocean Structure Phenomena; Circulation Dynamics; Ocean circulation; Water masses

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SURFACE PROPERTIES; SURFACE WATERS;

EID: 84941296018     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: 15200485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0122.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0028813026 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for the recurrence of wintertime midlatitude SST anomalies
    • Alexander, M. A., and C. Deser, 1995: A mechanism for the recurrence of wintertime midlatitude SST anomalies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 122-137, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0122:AMFTRO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1995) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.25 , pp. 122-137
    • Alexander, M.A.1    Deser, C.2
  • 2
    • 0035415362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual and interannual changes in the North Atlantic subtropical mode water layer properties
    • Alfultis, M., and P. Cornillon, 2001: Annual and interannual changes in the North Atlantic subtropical mode water layer properties. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2066-2086, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2066:AAICIT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.31 , pp. 2066-2086
    • Alfultis, M.1    Cornillon, P.2
  • 4
    • 0030721647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for improved representation of dense water spreading over topography in geopotential-coordinate models
    • Beckmann, A., and R. Döscher, 1997: A method for improved representation of dense water spreading over topography in geopotential-coordinate models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 581-591, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0581:AMFIRO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.27 , pp. 581-591
    • Beckmann, A.1    Döscher, R.2
  • 5
    • 53649094578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of interannual-decadal variability in the meridional overturning circulation of the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean
    • Biastoch, A., C. W. Böning, J. Getzlaff, J. M. Molines, and G. Madec, 2008: Causes of interannual-decadal variability in the meridional overturning circulation of the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 21, 6599-6615, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2404.1.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 6599-6615
    • Biastoch, A.1    Böning, C.W.2    Getzlaff, J.3    Molines, J.M.4    Madec, G.5
  • 6
    • 84892915394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near cessation of Eighteen Degree Water renewal in the western North Atlantic in the warm winter of 2011-2012
    • Billheimer, S., and L. D. Talley, 2013: Near cessation of Eighteen Degree Water renewal in the western North Atlantic in the warm winter of 2011-2012. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 6838-6853, doi:10.1002/2013JC009024.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans , vol.118 , pp. 6838-6853
    • Billheimer, S.1    Talley, L.D.2
  • 7
    • 33847386518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning
    • Böning, C. W., M. Scheinert, J. Dengg, A. Biastoch, and A. Funk, 2006: Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21S01, doi:10.1029/2006GL026906.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Böning, C.W.1    Scheinert, M.2    Dengg, J.3    Biastoch, A.4    Funk, A.5
  • 8
    • 66149123205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • Bower, A. S., M. S. Lozier, S. F. Gary, and C. W. Böning, 2009: Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Nature, 459, 243-247, doi:10.1038/nature07979.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 243-247
    • Bower, A.S.1    Lozier, M.S.2    Gary, S.F.3    Böning, C.W.4
  • 9
    • 2142854197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective analyses of temperature and salinity for the World Ocean on a 1/4° grid
    • Boyer, T. P., and S. Levitus, 1997: Objective analyses of temperature and salinity for the World Ocean on a 1/4° grid. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 11, 83 pp.
    • (1997) NOAA Atlas NESDIS , vol.11 , pp. 83
    • Boyer, T.P.1    Levitus, S.2
  • 10
    • 84903384918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency SST and upper-ocean heat content variability in the North Atlantic
    • Buckley, M. W., R. M. Ponte, G. Forget, and P. Heimbach, 2014: Low-frequency SST and upper-ocean heat content variability in the North Atlantic. J. Climate, 27, 4996-5018, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00316.1.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 4996-5018
    • Buckley, M.W.1    Ponte, R.M.2    Forget, G.3    Heimbach, P.4
  • 11
    • 79960921488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical to subpolar pathways in the North Atlantic: Deductions from Lagrangian trajectories
    • Burkholder, K. C., and M. S. Lozier, 2011: Subtropical to subpolar pathways in the North Atlantic: Deductions from Lagrangian trajectories. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C07017, doi:10.1029/2010JC006697.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116
    • Burkholder, K.C.1    Lozier, M.S.2
  • 12
    • 0001528193 scopus 로고
    • Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern oceans: The connection to monthly atmospheric circulation
    • Cayan, D. R., 1992: Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern oceans: The connection to monthly atmospheric circulation. J. Climate, 5, 354-369, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0354:LASHFA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 354-369
    • Cayan, D.R.1
  • 13
    • 0000776211 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the GFDL ocean general circulation model to a parameterization of vertical diffusion
    • Cummins, P. F., G. Holloway, and A. E. Gargett, 1990: Sensitivity of the GFDL ocean general circulation model to a parameterization of vertical diffusion. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 817-830, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0817:SOTGOG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1990) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.20 , pp. 817-830
    • Cummins, P.F.1    Holloway, G.2    Gargett, A.E.3
  • 15
    • 84878011981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and formation of North Atlantic Eighteen Degree Water in the Sargasso Sea from moored data
    • Davis, X. J., F. Straneo, Y.-O. Kwon, K. A. Kelly, and J. M. Toole, 2013: Evolution and formation of North Atlantic Eighteen Degree Water in the Sargasso Sea from moored data. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 11-24, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.024.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 11-24
    • Davis, X.J.1    Straneo, F.2    Kwon, Y.-O.3    Kelly, K.A.4    Toole, J.M.5
  • 16
    • 84886249385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin, formation and variability of the Subpolar Mode Water located over the Reykjanes Ridge
    • de Boisséson, E., V. Thierry, H. Mercier, G. Caniaux, and D. Desbruyères, 2012: Origin, formation and variability of the Subpolar Mode Water located over the Reykjanes Ridge. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C12005, doi:10.1029/2011JC007519.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • de Boisséson, E.1    Thierry, V.2    Mercier, H.3    Caniaux, G.4    Desbruyères, D.5
  • 17
    • 84888061623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume and potential vorticity budgets of Eighteen Degree Water
    • Deremble, B., and W. K. Dewar, 2013: Volume and potential vorticity budgets of Eighteen Degree Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43, 2309-2321, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-052.1.
    • (2013) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.43 , pp. 2309-2321
    • Deremble, B.1    Dewar, W.K.2
  • 18
    • 84892657145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity budgets in the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Deremble, B., N. Wienders, and W. K. Dewar, 2014: Potential vorticity budgets in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 164-178, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-087.1.
    • (2014) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.44 , pp. 164-178
    • Deremble, B.1    Wienders, N.2    Dewar, W.K.3
  • 19
    • 0030302515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic
    • Dickson, R., J. Lazier, J. Meincke, P. Rhines, and J. Swift, 1996: Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr., 38, 241-295, doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(97)00002-5.
    • (1996) Prog. Oceanogr , vol.38 , pp. 241-295
    • Dickson, R.1    Lazier, J.2    Meincke, J.3    Rhines, P.4    Swift, J.5
  • 20
    • 1642267655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat budget in the Gulf Stream region: The importance of heat storage and advection
    • Dong, S., and K. A. Kelly, 2004: Heat budget in the Gulf Stream region: The importance of heat storage and advection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1214-1231, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<1214:HBITGS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.34 , pp. 1214-1231
    • Dong, S.1    Kelly, K.A.2
  • 21
    • 34249047818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variations in upper-ocean heat content and heat transport convergence in the western North Atlantic
    • Dong, S., S. L. Hautala, and K. A. Kelly, 2007: Interannual variations in upper-ocean heat content and heat transport convergence in the western North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2682-2697, doi:10.1175/2007JPO3645.1.
    • (2007) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.37 , pp. 2682-2697
    • Dong, S.1    Hautala, S.L.2    Kelly, K.A.3
  • 22
    • 84878013670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of Subtropical Mode Waters in a climatologically-forced model
    • Douglass, E. M., Y.-O. Kwon, and S. R. Jayne, 2013: A comparison of Subtropical Mode Waters in a climatologically-forced model. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 139-151, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.023.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 139-151
    • Douglass, E.M.1    Kwon, Y.-O.2    Jayne, S.R.3
  • 23
    • 79953202550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated seasonal cycle of North Atlantic Eighteen Degree water volume
    • Forget, G., G. Maze, M. Buckley, and J. Marshall, 2011: Estimated seasonal cycle of North Atlantic Eighteen Degree water volume. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 269-286, doi:10.1175/2010JPO4257.1.
    • (2011) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.41 , pp. 269-286
    • Forget, G.1    Maze, G.2    Buckley, M.3    Marshall, J.4
  • 24
    • 84878013235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct observation of Subtropical Mode Water circulation in the western North Atlantic Ocean
    • Fratantoni, D. M., Y.-O. Kwon, and B. A. Hodges, 2013: Direct observation of Subtropical Mode Water circulation in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 35-56, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.027.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 35-56
    • Fratantoni, D.M.1    Kwon, Y.-O.2    Hodges, B.A.3
  • 25
    • 79960316707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering the pathways for the deep limb of the meridional overturning circulation
    • Gary, S. F., M. S. Lozier, C. Böning, and A. Biastoch, 2011: Deciphering the pathways for the deep limb of the meridional overturning circulation. Deep-Sea Res. II, 58, 1781-1797, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.059.
    • (2011) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.58 , pp. 1781-1797
    • Gary, S.F.1    Lozier, M.S.2    Böning, C.3    Biastoch, A.4
  • 26
    • 84899809349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water in the FLAME model
    • Gary, S. F., M. S. Lozier, Y.-O. Kwon, and J.-J. Park, 2014: The fate of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water in the FLAME model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 1354-1371, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-0202.1.
    • (2014) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.44 , pp. 1354-1371
    • Gary, S.F.1    Lozier, M.S.2    Kwon, Y.-O.3    Park, J.-J.4
  • 27
    • 77956773174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode waters
    • G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Eds., International Geophysics Series, Academic Press
    • Hanawa, K., and L. Talley, 2001: Mode waters. Ocean Circulation and Climate, G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Eds., International Geophysics Series, Vol. 77, Academic Press, 373-386.
    • (2001) Ocean Circulation and Climate , vol.77 , pp. 373-386
    • Hanawa, K.1    Talley, L.2
  • 28
    • 0001300298 scopus 로고
    • On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decadal time scale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea
    • Jenkins, W. J., 1982: On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decadal time scale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea. J. Mar. Res., 40, 265-290.
    • (1982) J. Mar. Res , vol.40 , pp. 265-290
    • Jenkins, W.J.1
  • 29
    • 84856223755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on Eighteen-Degree Water formation in the North Atlantic
    • Joyce, T. M., 2012: New perspectives on Eighteen-Degree Water formation in the North Atlantic. J. Oceanogr., 68, 45-52, doi:10.1007/s10872-011-0029-0.
    • (2012) J. Oceanogr , vol.68 , pp. 45-52
    • Joyce, T.M.1
  • 30
    • 0032962550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term hydrographic changes at 52 and 66°W in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre & Caribbean
    • Joyce, T. M., R. S. Pickart, and R. C. Millard, 1999: Long-term hydrographic changes at 52 and 66°W in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre & Caribbean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 46, 245-278, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00102-7.
    • (1999) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.46 , pp. 245-278
    • Joyce, T.M.1    Pickart, R.S.2    Millard, R.C.3
  • 31
    • 62749097954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wintertime observations of Subtropical Mode Water formation within the Gulf Stream
    • Joyce, T. M., L. Thomas, and F. Bahr, 2009: Wintertime observations of Subtropical Mode Water formation within the Gulf Stream. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02607, doi:10.1029/2008GL035918.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.36
    • Joyce, T.M.1    Thomas, L.2    Bahr, F.3
  • 32
    • 84878018697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eighteen Degree Water formation within the Gulf Stream during CLIMODE
    • Joyce, T. M., L. Thomas, W. K. Dewar, and J. B. Girton, 2013: Eighteen Degree Water formation within the Gulf Stream during CLIMODE. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.019.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 1-10
    • Joyce, T.M.1    Thomas, L.2    Dewar, W.K.3    Girton, J.B.4
  • 33
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Kalnay, E. M., and et al, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.M.1
  • 34
    • 84878013093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of atmosphere and ocean to North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water volume anomalies
    • Kelly, K. A., and S. Dong, 2013: The contributions of atmosphere and ocean to North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water volume anomalies. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 111-127, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.020.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 111-127
    • Kelly, K.A.1    Dong, S.2
  • 35
    • 0002066380 scopus 로고
    • A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline. II. The general theory and its consequences
    • Kraus, E. B., and J. S. Turner, 1967: A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline. II. The general theory and its consequences. Tellus, 19, 98-106, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x.
    • (1967) Tellus , vol.19 , pp. 98-106
    • Kraus, E.B.1    Turner, J.S.2
  • 37
    • 11044233905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water: A history of ocean-atmosphere interaction 1961-2000
    • Kwon, Y.-O., and S. C. Riser, 2004: North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water: A history of ocean-atmosphere interaction 1961-2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19307, doi:10.1029/2004GL021116.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.31
    • Kwon, Y.-O.1    Riser, S.C.2
  • 38
    • 28844496796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general circulation of the western subtropical North Atlantic observed using profiling floats
    • Kwon, Y.-O., and S. C. Riser, 2005: The general circulation of the western subtropical North Atlantic observed using profiling floats. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10012, doi:10.1029/2005JC002909.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res , vol.110
    • Kwon, Y.-O.1    Riser, S.C.2
  • 39
    • 0007184792 scopus 로고
    • World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4
    • Levitus, S., and T. P. Boyer, 1994: Temperature. Vol. 4, World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, 117 pp.
    • (1994) Temperature , vol.4 , pp. 117
    • Levitus, S.1    Boyer, T.P.2
  • 40
    • 0003282555 scopus 로고
    • World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3
    • Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. P. Boyer, 1994: Salinity. Vol. 3, World Ocean Atlas 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, 99 pp.
    • (1994) Salinity , vol.3 , pp. 99
    • Levitus, S.1    Burgett, R.2    Boyer, T.P.3
  • 41
    • 0036752986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lagrangian eddy scales in the Northern Atlantic Ocean
    • Lumpkin, R., A.-M. Treguier, and K. Speer, 2002: Lagrangian eddy scales in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2425-2440, doi:10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2425.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.32 , pp. 2425-2440
    • Lumpkin, R.1    Treguier, A.-M.2    Speer, K.3
  • 42
    • 0033120099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling thermodynamic and dynamic methods of computation of water-mass transformation rates
    • Marshall, J., D. Jamous, and J. Nilsson, 1999: Reconciling thermodynamic and dynamic methods of computation of water-mass transformation rates. Deep-Sea Res., 46, 545-572, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00082-X.
    • (1999) Deep-Sea Res , vol.46 , pp. 545-572
    • Marshall, J.1    Jamous, D.2    Nilsson, J.3
  • 43
    • 70450196014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing the cycle of convection and restratification over the Gulf Stream system and the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean: Preliminary results from the CLIMODE field campaign
    • Marshall, J., and et al, 2009: Observing the cycle of convection and restratification over the Gulf Stream system and the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean: Preliminary results from the CLIMODE field campaign. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 1337-1350, doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2706.1.
    • (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.90 , pp. 1337-1350
    • Marshall, J.1
  • 44
    • 82055178577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing the observed seasonal cycle of Atlantic subtropical mode water using potential vorticity and its attendant theorems
    • Maze, G., and J. Marshall, 2011:Diagnosing the observed seasonal cycle of Atlantic subtropical mode water using potential vorticity and its attendant theorems. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 1986-1999, doi:10.1175/2011JPO4576.1.
    • (2011) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.41 , pp. 1986-1999
    • Maze, G.1    Marshall, J.2
  • 45
    • 70349750284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Transformation and formation maps to study the role of air-sea heat fluxes in North Atlantic Eighteen Degree Water formation
    • Maze, G., G. Forget, M. Buckley, J. Marshall, and I. Cerovečki, 2009:Using Transformation and formation maps to study the role of air-sea heat fluxes in North Atlantic Eighteen Degree Water formation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 1818-1835, doi:10.1175/2009JPO3985.1.
    • (2009) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.39 , pp. 1818-1835
    • Maze, G.1    Forget, G.2    Buckley, M.3    Marshall, J.4    Cerovečki, I.5
  • 46
    • 84878012290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface vertical PV fluxes and subtropical mode water formation in an eddy-resolving numerical simulation
    • Maze, G., J. Deshayes, J. Marshall, A.-M. Tréguier, A. Chronis, and L. Vollmer, 2013: Surface vertical PV fluxes and subtropical mode water formation in an eddy-resolving numerical simulation. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 128-138, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.026.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 128-138
    • Maze, G.1    Deshayes, J.2    Marshall, J.3    Tréguier, A.-M.4    Chronis, A.5    Vollmer, L.6
  • 47
    • 0036752987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics from surface drifters and a high-resolution POP simulation in the North Atlantic
    • McClean, J. L., P.-M. Poulain, J. W. Pelton, and M. E. Maltrud, 2002: Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics from surface drifters and a high-resolution POP simulation in the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2472-2491, doi:10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2472.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.32 , pp. 2472-2491
    • McClean, J.L.1    Poulain, P.-M.2    Pelton, J.W.3    Maltrud, M.E.4
  • 48
    • 84878016340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the climatology and variability of Eighteen Degree Water potential vorticity forcing
    • Olsina, O., N. Wienders, and W. K. Dewar, 2013:An estimate of the climatology and variability of Eighteen Degree Water potential vorticity forcing. Deep-Sea Res. II, 91, 84-95, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.018.
    • (2013) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.91 , pp. 84-95
    • Olsina, O.1    Wienders, N.2    Dewar, W.K.3
  • 50
    • 26944465424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre
    • Palter, J. B., M. S. Lozier, and R. T. Barber, 2005: The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Nature, 437, 687-692, doi:10.1038/nature03969.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 687-692
    • Palter, J.B.1    Lozier, M.S.2    Barber, R.T.3
  • 51
    • 0001198553 scopus 로고
    • The Madeira Mode Water
    • Siedler, G., A. Kuhl, and W. Zenk, 1987: The Madeira Mode Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1561-1570, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<1561:TMMW>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.17 , pp. 1561-1570
    • Siedler, G.1    Kuhl, A.2    Zenk, W.3
  • 52
    • 0002375448 scopus 로고
    • Rates of water mass formation in the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Speer, K., and E. Tziperman, 1992: Rates of water mass formation in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 93-104, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0093:ROWMFI>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1992) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.22 , pp. 93-104
    • Speer, K.1    Tziperman, E.2
  • 53
    • 84886389688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution and formation of mode waters
    • G. Siedler et al., Eds., International Geophysics Series, Academic Press
    • Speer, K., and G. Forget, 2013: Global distribution and formation of mode waters. Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective, G. Siedler et al., Eds., International Geophysics Series, Vol. 103, Academic Press, 211-226.
    • (2013) Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective , vol.103 , pp. 211-226
    • Speer, K.1    Forget, G.2
  • 54
    • 0001545047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Atlantic circulation and variability reviewed for the CNLS conference
    • Talley, L., 1996: North Atlantic circulation and variability reviewed for the CNLS conference. Physica D, 98, 625-646, doi:10.1016/0167-2789(96)00123-6.
    • (1996) Physica D , vol.98 , pp. 625-646
    • Talley, L.1
  • 55
    • 0001133281 scopus 로고
    • Eighteen Degree Water variability
    • Talley, L., and M. Raymer, 1982: Eighteen Degree Water variability. J. Mar. Res., 40, 757-775.
    • (1982) J. Mar. Res , vol.40 , pp. 757-775
    • Talley, L.1    Raymer, M.2
  • 56
    • 0037106795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the reemergence of North Atlantic SST anomalies
    • Timlin, M. S., M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 2002: On the reemergence of North Atlantic SST anomalies. J. Climate, 15, 2707-2712, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2707:OTRONA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2707-2712
    • Timlin, M.S.1    Alexander, M.A.2    Deser, C.3
  • 57
    • 0001287574 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between sea-surface heat flow and thermal circulation in the ocean
    • Walin, G., 1982: On the relation between sea-surface heat flow and thermal circulation in the ocean. Tellus, 34, 187-195, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1982.tb01806.x.
    • (1982) Tellus , vol.34 , pp. 187-195
    • Walin, G.1
  • 58
    • 49749163077 scopus 로고
    • The 18°C water in the Sargasso Sea
    • Worthington, L. V., 1959: The 18°C water in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 5, 297-305, doi:10.1016/0146-6313(58)90026-1.
    • (1959) Deep-Sea Res , vol.5 , pp. 297-305
    • Worthington, L.V.1
  • 60
    • 0000062515 scopus 로고
    • On the North Atlantic Circulation
    • Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Worthington, L. V., 1976: On the North Atlantic Circulation. Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies, Vol. 6, Johns Hopkins University Press, 110 pp.
    • (1976) Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies , vol.6 , pp. 110
    • Worthington, L.V.1
  • 61
    • 0343082058 scopus 로고
    • The Voyage of the Challenger
    • Macmillan
    • Wyville-Thompson, C., 1877: The Voyage of the Challenger. The Atlantic. Vol. 1. Macmillan, 498 pp.
    • (1877) The Atlantic , vol.1 , pp. 498
    • Wyville-Thompson, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.