Simulation of flash-flood-producing storm events in Saudi Arabia using the weather research and forecasting model

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 615-630

  Deng, Liping ^a   Mccabe, Matthew F ^a   Stenchikov, Georgiy ^a   Evans, Jason P ^b   Kucera, Paul A ^c  

^a KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Saudi Arabia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cloud resolving models; Extreme events; Flood events; Model evaluation performance; Synoptic climatology

Indexed keywords

ARID REGION; CLIMATOLOGY; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; CUMULUS; EXTREME EVENT; FLASH FLOOD; PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL; STORM; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

JEDDAH; MAKKAH [SAUDI ARABIA]; SAUDI ARABIA;

EID: 84941214820     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: 15257541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0126.1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Al-Khalaf, A., and H. A. Basset, 2013: Diagnostic study of a severe thunderstorm over Jeddah. Atmos. Climate Sci., 3, 150-164, doi:10.4236/acs.2013.31017.
2. Almazroui, M., 2011: Sensitivity of a regional climate model (RegCM3) on the simulation of high intensity rainfall events over the Arabian Peninsula and around Jeddah (Saudi Arabia). Theor. Appl. Climatol., 104, 261-276, doi:10.1007/s00704-010-0387-3.
3. Alpert, P., I. Osetinsky, B. Ziv, and H. Shafir, 2004: Semi-objective classification for daily synoptic systems: Application to the eastern Mediterranean climate change. Int. J. Climatol., 24, 1001-1011, doi:10.1002/joc.1036.
4. Al Saud, M., 2010: Assessment of flood hazard of Jeddah area 2009, Saudi Arabia. J. Water Resour. Prot., 2, 839-847, doi:10.4236/jwarp.2010.29099.
5. Anquetin, S., and Coauthors, 2005: The 8 and 9 September 2002 flash flood event in France: An intercomparison of operational and research meteorological models. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 741-754, doi:10.5194/nhess-5-741-2005.
6. Cardoso, R. M., P. M. M. Soares, P. M. A. Miranda, and M. Belo-Pereira, 2013: WRF high resolution simulation of Iberian mean and extreme precipitation climate. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 2591-2608, doi:10.1002/joc.3616.
7. Cools, J., and Coauthors, 2012: An early warning system for flash floods in hyper-arid Egypt. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 443-457, doi:10.5194/nhess-12-443-2012.
8. Davolio, S., D. Mastrangelo, M. M. Miglietta, O. Drofa, A. Buzzi, and P. Malguzzi, 2009: High resolution simulations of a flash flood near Venice. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1671-1678, doi:10.5194/nhess-9-1671-2009.
9. Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
10. De Vries, A. J., E. Tyrlis, D. Edry, S. O. Krichak, B. Steil, and J. Lelieveld, 2013: Extreme precipitation events in the Middle East: Dynamics of the active Red Sea trough. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 7087-7108, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50569.
11. El Kenawy, A. M., M. F. McCabe, G. L. Stenchikov, and J. Raj, 2014: Multi-decadal classification of synoptic weather types, observed trends and links to rainfall characteristics over Saudi Arabia. Front. Environ. Sci., 2, 37, doi:10.3389/fenvs.2014.00037.
12. Evans, J. P., and M. F. McCabe, 2010: Regional climate simulation over Australia's Murray-Darling basin: A multitemporal assessment. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14114, doi:10.1029/2010JD013816.
13. Evans, J. P., and M. F. McCabe, 2013: Effect of model resolution on a regional climate model simulation over southeast Australia. Climate Res., 56, 131-145, doi:10.3354/cr01151.
14. Gao, W., and C.-H. Sui, 2013: A modeling analysis of rainfall and water cycle by the cloud-resolving WRF Model over the western North Pacific. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1695-1711, doi:10.1007/s00376-013-2288-8.
15. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0764:PEOAUB>2.0.CO;2.
16. Grell, G. A., and D. Devenyi, 2002: A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1693, doi:10.1029/2002GL015311.
17. Haggag, M., and H. El-Badry, 2013: Mesoscale numerical study of quasi-stationary convective system over Jeddah in November 2009. Atmos. Climate Sci., 3, 73-86, doi:10.4236/acs.2013.31010.
18. Heikkilä, U., A. Sandvik, and A. Sorteberg, 2011: Dynamical downscaling of ERA-40 in complex terrain using the WRF regional climatemodel. ClimateDyn., 37, 1551-1564, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0928-6.
19. Hong, S. Y., and J. W. Lee, 2009: Assessment of the WRFModel in reproducing a flash-flood heavy rainfall event over Korea. Atmos. Res., 93, 818-831, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.03.015.
20. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.
21. Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins, 2008: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, doi:10.1029/2008JD009944.
22. Janjić, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0927:TSMECM>2.0.CO;2.
23. Janjić, Z. I., 2001: Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5 Scheme in the NCEP Meso model. NCEP Office Note 437, 61 pp. [Available online at www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/officenotes/newernotes/on437.pdf.]
24. Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 170-181, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2.
25. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2784:AODEPM>2.0.CO;2.
26. Kopparla, P., E. M. Fischer, C. Hannay, and R. Knutti, 2013: Improved simulation of extreme precipitation in a high-resolution atmospheremodel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5803-5808, doi:10.1002/2013GL057866.
27. Kucera, P. A., and Coauthors, 2010: Features of the Weather Modification Assessment Project in the southwest region of Saudi Arabia. J. Wea. Modif., 42, 78-103.
28. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
29. McCabe, M., E. F. Wood, R. Wójcik, M. Pan, J. Sheffield, H. Gao, and H. Su, 2008: Hydrological consistency using multi-sensor remote sensing data for water and energy cycle studies. Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 430-444, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.027.
30. Miguez-Macho, G., G. L. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, 2004: Spectral nudging to eliminate the effects of domain position and geometry in regional climate model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13104, doi:10.1029/2003JD004495.
31. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1984: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2949-2972, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2949:TMAMSA>2.0.CO;2.
32. Tewari, M., and Coauthors, 2004: Implementation and verification of the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF Model. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/16th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 14.2a. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/84Annual/techprogram/paper_69061.htm.]
33. Tsvieli, Y., and A. Zangvil, 2005: Synoptic climatological analysis of 'wet' and 'dry' Red Sea troughs over Israel. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1997-2015, doi:10.1002/joc.1232.
34. Xie, B., and F. Zhang, 2012: Impacts of typhoon track and island topography on the heavy rainfalls in Taiwan associated with Morakot (2009). Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 3379-3394, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00240.1.
35. Zhang, Y., V. Dulière, P. W. Mote, and E. P. Salathé, 2009: Evaluation of WRF and HadRM mesoscale climate simulations over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. J. Climate, 22, 5511-5526, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2875.1.