The jury is still out on biodiversity offsets: Reply to Quétier et al.

Ecological Applications

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1741-1746

  Curran, Michael ^a   Hellweg, Stefanie ^a   Beck, Jan ^b  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;

ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES;

EID: 84941202680     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19395582     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/14-2363.1     Document Type: Letter

References (52)

1. Aerts, R., F. Lerouge, E. November, L. Lens, M. Hermy, and B. Muys. 2008. Land rehabilitation and the conservation of birds in a degraded Afromontane landscape in northern Ethiopia. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:53-69.
2. Andersen, A. N. 1993. Ants as indicators of restoration success at a uranium mine in tropical Australia. Restoration Ecology 1:156-167.
3. Armsworth, P. R., and J. N. Sanchirico. 2008. The effectiveness of buying easements as a conservation strategy. Conservation Letters 1:182-189.
4. BBOP. 2012. Biodiversity offset design handbook-updated. Business and Biodiversity Offsets Program, Washington, D.C., USA. http://bbop.forest-trends.org/guidelines/
5. Bowen, M. E., C. A. McAlpine, L. M. Seabrook, A. P. N. House, and G. C. Smith. 2009. The age and amount of regrowth forest in fragmented brigalow landscapes are both important for woodland dependent birds. Biological Conservation 142:3051-3059.
6. Brown, S., M. Hall, K. Andrasko, F. Ruiz, W. Marzoli, G. Guerrero, O. Masera, A. Dushku, B. Dejong, and J. Cornell. 2007. Baselines for land-use change in the tropics: application to avoided deforestation projects. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12:1001-1026.
7. Bull, J. W., A. Gordon, E. A. Law, K. B. Suttle, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 2014. Importance of baseline specification in evaluating conservation interventions and achieving no net loss of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 28:799-809.
8. Bull, J. W., K. B. Suttle, A. Gordon, N. J. Singh, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 2012. Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice. Oryx 47:369-380.
9. Burgin, S. 2010. "Mitigation banks" for wetland conservation: a major success or an unmitigated disaster? Wetlands Ecology and Management 18:49-55.
10. Clare, S., and N. Krogman. 2013. Bureaucratic slippage and environmental offset policies: the case of wetland management in Alberta. Society & Natural Resources 26:672-687.
11. Clare, S., N. Krogman, L. Foote, and N. Lemphers. 2011. Where is the avoidance in the implementation of wetland law and policy? Wetlands Ecology and Management 19:165-182.
12. Curran, M., S. Hellweg, and J. Beck. 2014. Is there any empirical support for biodiversity offset policy? Ecological Applications 24:617-632.
13. DEFRA. 2013. Biodiversity offsetting in England: Green paper. Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), U.K. Government, London, UK.
14. Engel, S., S. Pagiola, and S. Wunder. 2008. Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: an overview of the issues. Ecological Economics 65:663-674.
15. Fox, J., and A. Nino-Murcia. 2005. Status of species conservation banking in the United States. Conservation Biology 19:996.
16. Fukushima, M., M. Kanzaki, M. Hara, T. Ohkubo, P. Preechapanya, and C. Choocharoen. 2008. Secondary forest succession after the cessation of swidden cultivation in the montane forest area in Northern Thailand. Forest Ecology and Management 255:1994-2006.
17. Gibbons, P., S. V. Briggs, D. A. Ayers, S. Doyle, J. Seddon, C. McElhinny, N. Jones, R. Sims, and J. S. Doody. 2008. Rapidly quantifying reference conditions in modified landscapes. Biological Conservation 141:2483-2493.
18. Gibbons, P., and D. Freudenberger. 2006. An overview of methods used to assess vegetation condition at the scale of the site. Ecological Management & Restoration 7:S10-S17.
19. Gollan, J. R., C. A. M. Reid, P. B. Barnes, and L. Wilkie. 2011. The ratio of exotic-to-native dung beetles can indicate habitat quality in riparian restoration. Insect Conservation and Diversity 4:123-131.
20. Gordon, A., J. W. Bull, C. Wilcox, and M. Maron. 2015. Perverse incentives risk undermining biodiversity offset policies. Journal of Applied Ecology 52:532-537.
21. Harper, D. J., and J. T. Quigley. 2005. No net loss of fish habitat: a review and analysis of habitat compensation in Canada. Environmental Management 36:343-355.
22. Hough, P., and M. Robertson. 2009. Mitigation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act: where it comes from, what it means. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:15-33.
23. Ingram, J., and T. Dawson. 2006. Forest cover, condition, and ecology in human-impacted forests, south-eastern Madagascar. Conservation and Society 4:194.
24. Kardol, P., T. M. Blackburn, A. van der Wal, and W. H. van der Putten. 2005. Successional trajectories of soil nematode and plant communities in a chronosequence of ex-arable lands. Biological Conservation 126:317-327.
25. Kindscher, K., and L. L. Tieszen. 1998. Floristic and soil organic matter changes after five and thirty-five years of native tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology 6:181-196.
26. Kormos, R., C. F. Kormos, T. Humle, A. Lanjouw, H. Rainer, R. Victurine, R. A. Mittermeier, M. S. Diallo, A. B. Rylands, and E. A. Williamson. 2014. Great apes and biodiversity offset projects in Africa: the case for national offset strategies. PLoS ONE 9:e111671.
27. Laitila, J., A. Moilanen, and F. M. Pouzols. 2014. A method for calculating minimum biodiversity offset multipliers accounting for time discounting, additionality, and permanence. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5:1247-1254.
28. Majer, J. D. 1992. Ant recolonisation of rehabilitated bauxite mines of Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 8:97-108.
29. Maron, M., P. K. Dunn, C. A. McAlpine, and A. Apan. 2010. Can offsets really compensate for habitat removal? The case of the endangered red-tailed black-cockatoo. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:348-355.
30. Maron, M., R. J. Hobbs, A. Moilanen, J. W. Matthews, K. Christie, T. A. Gardner, D. A. Keith, D. B. Lindenmayer, and C. A. McAlpine. 2012. Faustian bargains? Restoration realities in the context of biodiversity offset policies. Biological Conservation 155:141-148.
31. McGillivray, D. 2012. Compensating biodiversity loss: the EU Commission's approach to compensation under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive. Journal of Environmental Law. doi: 10.1093/jel/eqs007.
32. Merrill, J. 2014. Campaigners fight to save 12th-century forest Smith Wood from proposed motorway service station. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/campaigners-fight-to-save-12thcentury-forest-smith-wood-from-proposed-motorway-service-station-9746419.html
33. Moreno-Mateos, D., M. E. Power, F. A. Comin, and R. Yockteng. 2012. Structural and functional loss in restored wetland ecosystems. PLoS Biology 10:e1001247.
34. O'Dea, N., and R. J. Whittaker. 2007. How resilient are Andean montane forest bird communities to habitat degradation? Biodiversity Conservation 16:1131-1159.
35. Parkes, D., G. Newell, and D. Cheal. 2003. Assessing the quality of native vegetation: the "habitat hectares" approach. Ecological Management and Restoration Supplement 4:S29-S38.
36. Pickett, E. J., M. P. Stockwell, D. S. Bower, J. I. Garnham, C. J. Pollard, J. Clulow, and M. J. Mahony. 2013. Achieving no net loss in habitat offset of a threatened frog required high offset ratio and intensive monitoring. Biological Conservation 157:156-162.
37. Pilgrim, J., et al. 2013. A process for assessing the offsetability of biodiversity impacts. Conservation Letters 6:376-384.
38. Powers, J. S., J. M. Becknell, J. Irving, and D. Perez-Aviles. 2009. Diversity and structure of regenerating tropical dry forests in Costa Rica: geographic patterns and environmental drivers. Forest Ecology and Management 258:959-970.
39. Quetier, F., and S. Lavorel. 2011. Assessing ecological equivalence in biodiversity offset schemes: key issues and solutions. Biological Conservation 144:2991-2999.
40. Quetier, F., B. Regnery, and H. Levrel. 2014. No net loss of biodiversity or paper offsets? A critical review of the French no net loss policy. Environmental Science & Policy 38:120-131.
41. Quetier, F., A. J. A. Van Teeffelen, J. D. Pilgrim, A. von Hase, and K. ten Kate. 2015. Biodiversity offsets are one solution to widespread poorly compensated biodiversity loss: a response to Curran et al. Ecological Applications 25:1739-1741.
42. Quigley, J. T., and D. J. Harper. 2006. Compliance with Canada's Fisheries Act: a field audit of habitat compensation projects. Environmental Management 37:336-350.
43. Regnery, B., D. Couvet, and C. Kerbiriou. 2013. Offsets and conservation of the species of the EU Habitats and Birds Directives. Conservation Biology 27:1335-1343.
44. Saenz, S., T. Walschburger, J. C. Gonzalez, J. Leon, B. McKenney, and J. Kiesecker. 2013. A framework for implementing and valuing biodiversity offsets in Colombia: a landscape scale perspective. Sustainability 5:4961-4987.
45. Salzman, J., and J. B. Ruhl. 2000. Currencies and the commodification of environmental law. Stanford Law Review 53:607.
46. Seagle, C. 2012. Inverting the impacts: mining, conservation and sustainability claims near the Rio Tinto/QMM ilmenite mine in Southeast Madagascar. Journal of Peasant Studies 39:447-477.
47. Taylor, M., and C. Dickman. 2014. NSW native vegetation act saves Australian wildlife. WWF-Australia, Sydney, Australia.
48. Temple, H. J., S. Anstee, J. Ekstrom, J. D. Pilgrim, J. Rabenantoandro, J. B. Ramanamanjato, F. Randriatafika, and M. Vincelette. 2012. Forecasting the path towards a Net Positive Impact on biodiversity for Rio Tinto QMM. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
49. Villarroya, A., and J. Puig. 2010. Ecological compensation and environmental impact assessment in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 30:357-362.
50. Vincelette, M., M. Theberge, and L. Randrihasipara. 2007. Evaluations of forest cover at regional and local levels in the Tolagnaro Region since 1950. Pages 49-54 in J. U. Ganz-horn, S. M. Goodman, and M. Vincelette, editors. Biodiversity, ecology and conservation of littoral ecosystems in southeastern Madagascar, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin). Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
51. Walker, S., A. L. Brower, R. T. T. Stephens, and W. G. Lee. 2009. Why bartering biodiversity fails. Conservation Letters 2:149-157.
52. Wilcove, D., and J. Lee. 2004. Using economic and regulatory incentives to restore endangered species: lessons learned from three new programs. Conservation Biology 18:639-645.